正、反义β-1,4半乳糖基转移酶Ⅱ和Ⅴ地高辛标记RNA探针的制备和应用

目的　为了探讨 β1 ,4半乳糖基转移酶 Ⅱ和Ⅴ (β1 ,4 galactosyltransferaseI,β 1 ,4 GalT ⅡandⅤ )表达定位 ,本实验通过分子生物学手段 ,制备正、反义 β 1 ,4 GalT Ⅱ和Ⅴ地高辛标记的RNA原位杂交探针。 方法　设计引物 ,提取小鼠脑总RNA ,通过RT PCR方法 ,得到 β 1 ,4 GalT Ⅱ和Ⅴ基因序列 ,将其克隆到pGEM T载体。根据其多克隆酶切位点和Sp6及T7位置 ,分别酶切后作为转录模板 ,通过Sp6及T7RNA聚合酶 ,得到正、反义 β 1 ,4 GalT Ⅱ和Ⅴ地高辛标记的RNA原位杂交探针。检测标记探针的效价后 ,最后通过原位杂交分析标记探针的特异性和杂交效果。结果　本实验得到了高效价的正、反义 β 1 ,4 GalT Ⅱ和Ⅴ地高辛标记的RNA原位杂交探针 ,并表现出很好的杂交效果。结论　正、反义β 1 ,4 GalT Ⅱ和ⅤRNA原位杂交探针的制备 ,为进一步研究 β 1 ,4 GalT Ⅱ和Ⅴ在组织中的表达 ,尤其在神经组织的定位奠定基础     

地高辛标记的小鼠β-1,4-半乳糖基转移酶Ⅰ RNA 探针的制备和应用

为了制备小鼠β-1,4-半乳糖基转移酶I(β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1,β-1,4-GalT-1)地高辛标记的RNA探针以探讨β-1,4-GalT-I mRNA在坐骨神经组织的表达定位,本研究用提取的小鼠脑总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法,得到β-1,4-GalT-I的DNA片断,将其克隆到pGEM-T载体;采用体外转录的方法合成地高辛标记的正、反义β-1,4-GalT-I RNA探针;运用点杂交的方法分析标记探针的灵敏度;最后应用该探针,通过原位杂交的方法,分析β-1,4-GalT-I mRNA在小鼠坐骨神经的表达.结果:构建了β-1,4-GalT-I/pGEM-T质粒,获得了高效价的地高辛标记的正、反义β-1,4-GalT-I RNA探针,应用该探针发现β-1,4-GalT-J在小鼠坐骨神经髓鞘中有表达.以上结果表明,制备的地高辛标记的正、反义β-1,4-GalT-I RNA原位杂交探针可特异地检测β-1,4-GalT-1 mRNA在组织中的表达.本研究为进一步分析β-1,4-GalT-I在坐骨神经及其它神经组织发育和损伤过程中的表达奠定基础.     

甲状腺过氧化物酶mRNA cRNA探针的构建及意义

目的 探讨甲状腺过氧化物酶(thyroperoxidase,TPO)mRNA cRNA探针的构建及原位表达的检测方法 和意义.方法 取甲状腺结节新鲜组织,在RT-PCR扩增TPO cDNA的基础上,构建pSPT19-TPO质粒,经Hind Ⅲ和BamHⅠ单酶切后成线性化模板,在SP6和T7 RNA聚合酶作用下,体外转录合成地高辛标记的TPO cRNA反义和正义探针,进行TPO mRNA的原位杂交实验.结果 TPO mRNA阳性杂交信号分布于甲状腺滤泡细胞的胞质,本组腺瘤2例、结节性甲状腺肿4例、瘤周甲状腺组织1例原位杂交阳性,乳头状癌2例、桥本病1例原位杂交阴性.核酸原位杂交和RT-PCR检测甲状腺组织TPO mRNA的表达,结果 一致.结论 成功构建甲状腺过氧化物酶mRNA 的cRNA探针;检测TPO mRNA是一种较准确反映甲状腺组织TPO状态的方法 ,TPO mRNA的原位检测可结合组织形态学了解甲状腺滤泡细胞的功能表达状况.     

地高辛标记的小鼠β-1,4-半乳糖基转移酶RNA探针的制备和应用

为了制备小鼠 β-1,4-半乳糖基转移酶 ( β-1,4-galactosyltransferase ,β-1,4-Gal T- )地高辛标记的 RNA探针以探讨β-1,4-Gal T- m RNA在坐骨神经组织的表达定位 ,本研究用提取的小鼠脑总 RNA,采用 RT-PCR方法 ,得到β-1,4-Gal T- 的 DNA片断 ,将其克隆到 p GEM-T载体 ;采用体外转录的方法合成地高辛标记的正、反义β-1,4-Gal T- RNA探针 ;运用点杂交的方法分析标记探针的灵敏度 ;最后应用该探针 ,通过原位杂交的方法 ,分析 β-1,4-Gal T- m RNA在小鼠坐骨神经的表达。结果 :构建了β-1,4-Gal T- /p GEM-T质粒 ,获得了高效价的地高辛标记的正、反义β-1,4-Gal T- RNA探针 ,应用该探针发现 β-1,4-Gal T- 在小鼠坐骨神经髓鞘中有表达。以上结果表明 ,制备的地高辛标记的正、反义 β-1,4-Gal T- RNA原位杂交探针可特异地检测β-1,4-Gal T- m RNA在组织中的表达。本研究为进一步分析β-1,4-Gal T- 在坐骨神经及其它神经组织发育和损伤过程中的表达奠定基础。     

芳香化酶在生后早期小鼠脑内基因表达的原位杂交研究

芳香化酶细胞色素P450能催化特定脑区雄激素转化为雌激素。在中枢神经系统发育中,局部雌激素的形成可以影响神经结构的性差异,调节神经内分泌和性生殖功能和参与学习记忆。而脑内雌激素的有效浓度依赖于芳香化酶的基因表达及其活性。芳香化酶活性仅在脑发育中特定的脑区如下丘脑和边缘系统检测到。关于其基因表达的研究结果不尽一致。本研究采用人胎盘芳香化酶cDNA为模板,体外转录地高辛标记的cRNA为探针,应用原位杂交技术研究了芳香化酶mRNA在小鼠生后早期(P2～P15)脑内的分布。结果显示,阳性信号主要分布于大脑皮质,海马、丘脑及下丘…     

输卵管组织中内皮素-1基因表达的实验研究

目的:为了探明内皮素(ET)在输卵管组织中的分布及来源,以便进一步探讨内皮素-1(ET-1)与输卵管功能调节之间的关系。方法:用SABC免疫组织化学法和地高辛精标记的ET-1cRNA探针核酸原位杂交组织化学法,观察了兔输卵管组织ET-1的分布和ET-1mRNA的表达。结果:输卵管粘膜上皮细胞内可见被染成红色的ET-1颗粒,主要分布在细胞核的上方,靠近游离面,在肌层可见少量的ET-1颗粒。输卵管粘膜上皮细胞内可见呈深兰色的ET-1mRNA阳性杂交信号,阳性杂交信号强且密集,主要分布在细胞核的上方,靠近游离面,在肌层未见ET-1mRNA阳性杂交信号。结论:表明兔输卵管粘膜上皮细胞自分泌ET-1。     

地高辛标记的血小板T细胞活化抗原1cRNA探针的制备与鉴定

目的制备用地高辛 (digoxigenin ,Dig)标记的血小板T细胞活化抗原1(plateletandTcellactivationantigen1,PTA1)cRNA探针。方法构建重组质粒 pGEM 3ZF( ) PTA1 ,并做序列分析证实PTA1基因的插入方向正确后 ,用EcoRI消化得到线性DNA片段 ,再用SP6RNA聚合酶转录合成带有Dig标记的高比活度的单链cRNA探针。结果经斑点杂交证实 ,该探针敏感性高、特异性强。结论地高辛标记PTA1cRNA探针的制备 ,为进一步研究PTA1mR NA在组织、细胞的表达和分布提供了有效的工具。     

地高辛标记的小鼠β—1，4—半乳糖基转移酶IRNA探针的制备和应用

为了制备小鼠β—1，4—半乳糖基转移酶I(β—1，4—galactosyltransferase I，β—1，4—GalT—I)地高辛标记的RNA探针以探讨β—1，4—GalT—I mRNA在坐骨神经组织的表达定位，本研究用提取的小鼠脑总RNA，采用RT—PCR方法，得到β—1，4—GalT—I的DNA片断，将其克隆到pGEM—T载体；采用体外转录的方法合成地高辛标记的正、反义β—1，4—GalT—IRNA探针；运用点杂交的方法分析标记探针的灵敏度；最后应用该探针，通过原位杂交的方法，分析β—1，4—GalT—ImRNA在小鼠坐骨神经的表达。结果：构建了β—1，4—GalT—I／pGEM—T质粒，获得了高效价的地高辛标记的正、反义β—1，4—GalT—IRNA探针，应用该探针发现β—1，4—GalT—I在小鼠坐骨神经髓鞘中有表达。以上结果表明，制备的地高辛标记的正、反义β—1，4—GalT—-RNA原位杂交探针可特异地检测β—1，4—GalT—ImRNA在组织中的表达。本研究为进一步分析β—1，4—GalT—I在坐骨神经及其它神经组织发育和损伤过程中的表达奠定基础。     

小鼠下颌下腺NGF基因表达的性别差异研究

实验应用地高辛标记人β神经生长因子ＤＮＡ探针原位杂交组化技术，研究小鼠下颌下腺神经生长因子（ＮＧＦ）表达的性别差异。实验结果显示，雄性和雌性小鼠下颌下腺ＮＧＦ基因表达的部位基本相同，原位杂交反应产物都选择性分布于纹状管和颗粒曲管上皮细胞中，但雄性小鼠原位杂交信号强，雌性小鼠杂交信号较弱，原位杂交阳性小管在雄性小鼠以粗大的颗粒曲管为主，在雌性小鼠以细小的纹状管为主，颗粒曲管较少，而且在单位面积中雄性     

雷公藤甲素抗肿瘤血管新生的研究进展（英文）

雷公藤甲素(triptolide,TPL)是从中草药雷公藤中提取的一种有效活性物质,已被用来治疗多种疾病,包括系统性红斑狼疮,类风湿性关节炎,肾病综合征等,TPL甚至有很强的抑制肿瘤的活性。近些年的研究显示,TPL具有抗血管新生的能力,TPL不仅可以抑制肿瘤的增殖,诱导细胞的凋亡,还可以抑制肿瘤的转移,可以增加其它化疗药物的抗肿瘤活性。本综述将讨论TPL在抗肿瘤血管新生方面的研究进展,以及初步探讨其潜在的作用机制。     

Changes in activity of neutral proteases in tissues of ground squirrels in the dynamics of hibernation

Total activities of neutral proteases in the cerebral, hepatic, and myocardial tissues of ground squirrel vary during hibernation: in autumn (before hibernation) activities of the enzymes in the brain and myocardium start increasing, while in the liver they do not change. A common feature for all tissues is minimum activity of active neutral proteases in the middle of hibernation month 1 bout, while the maximum activity is recorded before awakening. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 9, pp. 278–280, September, 2008     

Kinetics of decline of maternal measles virus-neutralizing antibodies in sera of infants in France in 2006

The optimal age for measles vaccination is an important health issue, since maternal antibodies may neutralize the vaccine antigen before a specific immune response develops, while delaying vaccination may increase the risk of complicated diseases in infants. However, measles vaccination impacts the duration of protection afforded by transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies: vaccination-induced maternal antibodies disappear faster than disease-induced antibodies. In order to maintain protection against measles in infants, it is important to monitor the dynamics of this phenomenon in vaccinated populations. To assess the current situation in France, a multicenter, prospective seroepidemiological study was conducted in seven French hospitals between October 2005 and January 2007. Maternal measles antibody concentrations from 348 infants 0 to 15 months old were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization assay. Geometric mean concentrations and the percentage of infants with maternal measles antibody concentrations above the protection threshold (≥120 mIU/ml) were assessed according to age. Results show that after more than 20 years of routine measles vaccination in France, maternal measles-neutralizing antibodies decrease dramatically in French infants by 6 months of age, from 1,740 mIU/ml for infants 0 to 1 month old to 223 mIU/ml for infants 5 to 6 months old, and that 90% of infants are not protected against measles after 6 months of age. Infant protection against measles could be optimized both by increasing herd immunity through an increased vaccine coverage and by lowering the age of routine vaccination from 12 to 9 months.     

Effect of vitamin C in reducing the toxicity of endosulfan in liver in rabbits

In this study, the effect of endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, and the ameliorating effect of vitamin C on the livers of New Zealand white rabbits were studied. Livers of the rabbits were examined grossly and histopathologically, and caspase-3 activity was detected by immunohistochemical methods. A total of twenty-four rabbits were divided into four groups (n=6). Rabbits in Group I (END) were daily given a sublethal dose of endosulfan (1 mg/kg bw) in corn oil by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Group II (END+C) received the same dose of endosulfan and additionally Vit C (20 mg/kg bw) every other day during this period. Group III (OIL+C) received corn oil daily by oral gavage and vitamin C every other day for 6 weeks. Group IV (OIL), the control group, received only corn oil daily, by oral gavage throughout the experiment. The concentration of α-endosulfan in the END group was higher in livers (0.102±0.012 ppb) than the β-endosulfan (0.072±0.001 ppb). Decreased accumulation of α and β endosulfan was observed in the END+C group (0.025±0.003 and 0.016±0.002 ppb, respectively) (p<0.0001). The most prominent gross findings at the necropsy were seen in the END group, in which swollen and pale livers were commonly observed. Hemorrhages, degenerations, necrosis, and in some rabbits bile duct hyperplasia were the marked histopathological findings of the END group. Caspase-3 positive reaction was more severe in this group than in the others. An ameliorating effect of Vit C on gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings was observed in the END+C group. The results revealed that endosulfan is highly toxic for rabbit livers. However, toxicity was decreased by Vit C treatment, which reduced the accumulation of endosulfan in livers four-fold.