氧糖剥夺诱导原代大鼠星形胶质细胞miR-21的表达变化

目的研究原代大鼠星形胶质细胞氧糖剥夺不同时间miR-21的表达,探讨miR-21是否参与了缺氧缺血性脑损伤后星形胶质细胞的活性变化。方法原代大鼠星形胶质细胞随机分为正常组和氧糖剥夺组,分别培养3、6、9和12h。CCK-8法检测各组星形胶质细胞的活力,real-time PCR方法检测各组星形胶质细胞miR-21的表达。结果氧糖剥夺组miR-21的表达水平随培养时间延长呈先升高后降低的动态变化,3h开始高于对照组水平(P<0.05),6h达高峰(P<0.05),随后下降,9h与对照组无差异(P>0.05),12h显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。氧糖剥夺不同时间星形胶质细胞活力变化与miR-21的变化趋势一致。结论 miR-21可能参与了缺氧缺血性脑损伤后星形胶质细胞的活性变化,发挥促增殖和抗凋亡的作用。     

槲皮素调节葡萄糖氧剥夺损伤的星形胶质细胞细胞周期基因的表达

目的 研究槲皮素对葡萄糖氧剥夺损伤星形胶质细胞基因表达的影响及作用机制.方法 将原代培养成熟的星形胶质细胞分为单纯葡萄糖氧剥夺组和葡萄糖氧剥夺联合槲皮素处理组(槲皮素处理组),用基因芯片筛查缺血缺氧4h后的槲皮素处理对星形胶质细胞基因表达变化的影响,并用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)对差异表达基因进行了验证.结果 与单纯葡萄糖氧剥夺组相比,槲皮素处理组基因表达谱芯片筛查出的31个基因与细胞周期及其相关调控密切相关,其中上调基因为5个,下调基因26个.用qRT-PCR对其中6个基因进行了验证,检测结果和基因芯片分析结果一致.结论 槲皮素能调控葡萄糖氧剥夺损伤的星形胶质细胞细胞周期相关基因的表达.     

氧糖剥夺诱导原代大鼠星形胶质细胞增殖反应中microRNA-125b的表达变化

目的研究氧糖剥夺诱导原代大鼠星形胶质细胞增殖过程中microRNA-125b的表达,探讨microRNA-125b是否参与了缺氧缺血性脑损伤后星形胶质细胞的增殖。方法原代大鼠星形胶质细胞随机分为正常组和氧糖剥夺组,分别培养3、6和9h。EdU掺入法检测各组星形胶质细胞的增殖,real-timePCR方法检测各组星形胶质细胞microRNA-125b的表达。结果氧糖剥夺组microRNA-125b的表达水平随培养时间延长呈先升高后降低的动态变化,3h开始高于对照组水平(P0.05);6h达高峰(P0.01),随后下降,9h与对照组无差异(P0.05)。氧糖剥夺不同时间星形胶质细胞增殖变化与microRNA-125b的变化趋势一致。结论 miroRNA-125b可能参与缺氧缺血性脑损伤后星形胶质细胞的增殖。     

水通道蛋白-4 mRNA沉默可抑制离体缺氧星形胶质细胞水通道蛋白-4的表达

目的:研究水通道蛋白-4(AQP4) mRNA沉默对体外缺氧星形胶质细胞AQP4表达的影响.方法: 用氯化钴诱导体外星形胶质细胞缺氧,建立AQP4 mRNA沉默缺氧星形胶质细胞模型.随机分为正常组、对照组、缺氧组和干扰组,观察星形胶质细胞形态,免疫细胞化学、荧光定量PCR、免疫印迹法检测AQP4 mRNA 及蛋白表达....     

天麻素对缺血缺氧大鼠星形胶质细胞MCP1表达的影响

目的:通过建立新生大鼠缺血缺氧脑损伤(HIBD)模型和体外星形胶质细胞系TNC1细胞糖氧剥夺(OGD)模型，从体内体外探索天麻素(GAS)对星形胶质细胞缺血缺氧损伤后单核细胞趋化因子1(MCP1)表达的影响。方法:将星形胶质细胞TNC1随机分为对照组(control)、糖氧剥夺组(OGD)、糖氧剥夺+天麻素(OGD+G)。将3 d新生SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(sham)、缺血缺氧脑损伤模型组(HIBD)、HIBD模型+天麻素干预组(HIBD+G)。使用免疫荧光双标染色和Western Blot检测各组细胞及大鼠左侧损伤皮质半暗区MCP1的表达变化。结果:体外免疫荧光染色和Western Blot结果显示，与control组相比，OGD组TNC1细胞MCP1表达明显增加(P<0.05),GAS可减轻OGD损伤后MCP1的表达(P<0.05);体内免疫荧光双标染色和Western Blot结果也显示：GAS干预显著降低了HIBD后星形胶质细胞MCP1的表达(P<0.05)。结论:GAS可以通过降低星形胶质细胞MCP1的表达对HIBD发挥保护作用。     

川芎嗪对缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠海马星形胶质细胞的影响

观察川芎嗪(tetramethylpyrazine,TMP)对缺氧缺血性脑损伤(hypoxic-ischemic brain damage,HIBD)大鼠海马星形胶质细胞的影响。将90只7日龄Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、HIBD组、TMP治疗组,各组分别在0h、6h、12h、24h、48h五个时间点取右脑,透射电镜下观察海马CA1区星形胶质细胞超微结构变化,免疫组织化学法检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary a-cidic protein,GFAP)表达的变化。结果显示,在电镜下HIBD损伤组星形胶质细胞肿胀,体积增大,核形状不规则,核质比增大,核仁明显,位于近核膜处,细胞器明显减少,线粒体肿胀,嵴紊乱,有缺失,可见粗面内质网池扩张;TMP组星形胶质细胞损伤轻,形态基本正常。HIBD后海马CA1区星形胶质细胞反应明显增强(P<0.01),川芎嗪治疗后可明显减轻星形胶质细胞的反应程度(P<0.01)。以上结果提示川芎嗪可通过减轻HIBD后星形胶质细胞的反应程度发挥保护和修复神经细胞的作用。     

缺氧对星形胶质细胞表达P450 2C11 mRNA的影响

目的:观察缺氧和/或谷氨酸对星形胶质细胞细胞色素P4502C11mRNA表达的影响, 探讨大脑星形胶质细胞在缺氧性脑血管扩张反应中的作用。方法:取新生Wistar大鼠大脑皮层星形胶质细胞作原代、传代培养后, 分为4组:①对照组;②谷氨酸组;③缺氧组;④缺氧+谷氨酸组。每一组包括5个时点:0h、3h、6h、12h、24h(以缺氧后开始记时).于②和④组加入100μmol/L的L-谷氨酸。③和④组用95%N²/5%CO²的混合气体条件培养。提取总RNA, 用RT-PCR技术检测P4502C11mRNA的表达量。结果:①在静息状态下, 星形胶质细胞表达一定量的P4502C11mRNA;②对照组和缺氧组各时点星形胶质细胞P4502C11mRNA的表达量无显著差异;③谷氨酸组P4502C11mRNA6h显著增高, 以后更为显著(24h内);④缺氧+谷氨酸组P4502C113h显著增高, 以后更为显著(24h内);⑤缺氧+谷氨酸组增高的幅度显著高于谷氨酸组。结论:缺氧和谷氨酸协同作用, 促使体外培养的星形胶质细胞P4502C11mRNA表达增强, 后者催化花生四烯酸生成环氧二十烷三烯酸, 这可能是缺氧性脑血管扩张的重要机制之一。     

腺苷对大鼠缺氧/复氧星形胶质细胞的保护作用

目的:明确在正常状态和缺氧状态,不规则趋化因子(FKN)对脑细胞是否有损害作用;腺苷是否可以抑制FKN的作用。方法:原代培养大鼠星形胶质细胞,分为正常组、模型组和腺苷组。模型组细胞接受8 h缺氧/24h复氧处理;腺苷组细胞在缺氧前24 h加入150μmol/L腺苷后再进行8 h缺氧/24 h复氧处理。采用ELISA法检测各组FKN的相对表达量,MTT法检测各组细胞存活率。结果:与正常组相比,星形胶质细胞在缺氧/复氧后,细胞明显肿胀坏死,有大量的FKN释放。与模型组相比,腺苷组可明显降低缺氧/复氧损伤时FKN的释放,且细胞水肿坏死较轻;正常组、模型组、腺苷组在缺氧8 h/复氧24 h后细胞活力(OD值)分别是0.759、0.119和0.504。结论:腺苷预处理可使缺氧/复氧后星形胶质细胞FKN的释放减少,从而起到神经保护作用。     

miRlet7b在氧糖剥夺诱导原代大鼠增殖星形胶质细胞的表达

目的研究miRlet7b在氧糖剥夺诱导原代Wistar大鼠增殖星形胶质细胞的表达,探讨缺氧缺血性脑损伤后星形胶质细胞增殖的分子机制。方法原代Wistar大鼠星形胶质细胞随机分为实验组(氧糖剥夺诱导的增殖组)和对照组(正常培养组)。EdU掺入法检测两组细胞的增殖,Western blot检测VEGF蛋白表达,real-time PCR方法检测两组细胞miRlet7b mRNA的表达。结果实验组EdU阳性细胞率,VEGF蛋白表达水平显著高于对照组(P0.01),而实验组miRlet7b mRNA的表达水平显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论 MiRlet7b mRNA表达下调可能是缺氧缺血性脑损伤后星形胶质细胞增殖的分子机制之一,上调VEGF可能促进星形胶质细胞增殖。     

Ski在大鼠活化星形胶质细胞中表达的变化

目的:探究Ski在大鼠正常及活化星形胶质细胞中的表达及随时间变化的规律。方法:提取大鼠大脑皮质,分离星形胶质细胞,体外培养。采用LPS刺激和细胞划痕损伤2种方法活化星形胶质细胞,均采用Western blot法检测各个时点2种活化星形胶质细胞中Ski和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)蛋白表达情况,利用间接免疫荧光法检测Ski蛋白在星形胶质细胞中的表达定位。结果:GFAP蛋白在星形胶质细胞中固有表达,LPS活化和划痕损伤后表达均上调。Ski在正常星形胶质细胞中呈低表达状态,1 mg/L LPS活化星形胶质细胞后,Ski表达开始增加,4 d时表达量最高(P0.05),6 d时开始下降,但仍高于未活化组;细胞划痕损伤后Ski蛋白表达情况与上述情况高度一致。Ski在正常及LPS活化6 d星形胶质细胞中表达主要集中在胞核,LPS活化后2和4 d时在胞质中出现明确的Ski表达。结论:Ski蛋白表达于星形胶质细胞,并在活化星形胶质细胞中表达上调。由此,我们推测Ski蛋白可能调控星形胶质细胞的活化、增殖等过程。     

雷公藤甲素抗肿瘤血管新生的研究进展（英文）

雷公藤甲素(triptolide,TPL)是从中草药雷公藤中提取的一种有效活性物质,已被用来治疗多种疾病,包括系统性红斑狼疮,类风湿性关节炎,肾病综合征等,TPL甚至有很强的抑制肿瘤的活性。近些年的研究显示,TPL具有抗血管新生的能力,TPL不仅可以抑制肿瘤的增殖,诱导细胞的凋亡,还可以抑制肿瘤的转移,可以增加其它化疗药物的抗肿瘤活性。本综述将讨论TPL在抗肿瘤血管新生方面的研究进展,以及初步探讨其潜在的作用机制。     

Changes in activity of neutral proteases in tissues of ground squirrels in the dynamics of hibernation

Total activities of neutral proteases in the cerebral, hepatic, and myocardial tissues of ground squirrel vary during hibernation: in autumn (before hibernation) activities of the enzymes in the brain and myocardium start increasing, while in the liver they do not change. A common feature for all tissues is minimum activity of active neutral proteases in the middle of hibernation month 1 bout, while the maximum activity is recorded before awakening. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 9, pp. 278–280, September, 2008     

Kinetics of decline of maternal measles virus-neutralizing antibodies in sera of infants in France in 2006

The optimal age for measles vaccination is an important health issue, since maternal antibodies may neutralize the vaccine antigen before a specific immune response develops, while delaying vaccination may increase the risk of complicated diseases in infants. However, measles vaccination impacts the duration of protection afforded by transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies: vaccination-induced maternal antibodies disappear faster than disease-induced antibodies. In order to maintain protection against measles in infants, it is important to monitor the dynamics of this phenomenon in vaccinated populations. To assess the current situation in France, a multicenter, prospective seroepidemiological study was conducted in seven French hospitals between October 2005 and January 2007. Maternal measles antibody concentrations from 348 infants 0 to 15 months old were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization assay. Geometric mean concentrations and the percentage of infants with maternal measles antibody concentrations above the protection threshold (≥120 mIU/ml) were assessed according to age. Results show that after more than 20 years of routine measles vaccination in France, maternal measles-neutralizing antibodies decrease dramatically in French infants by 6 months of age, from 1,740 mIU/ml for infants 0 to 1 month old to 223 mIU/ml for infants 5 to 6 months old, and that 90% of infants are not protected against measles after 6 months of age. Infant protection against measles could be optimized both by increasing herd immunity through an increased vaccine coverage and by lowering the age of routine vaccination from 12 to 9 months.     

Effect of vitamin C in reducing the toxicity of endosulfan in liver in rabbits

In this study, the effect of endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, and the ameliorating effect of vitamin C on the livers of New Zealand white rabbits were studied. Livers of the rabbits were examined grossly and histopathologically, and caspase-3 activity was detected by immunohistochemical methods. A total of twenty-four rabbits were divided into four groups (n=6). Rabbits in Group I (END) were daily given a sublethal dose of endosulfan (1 mg/kg bw) in corn oil by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Group II (END+C) received the same dose of endosulfan and additionally Vit C (20 mg/kg bw) every other day during this period. Group III (OIL+C) received corn oil daily by oral gavage and vitamin C every other day for 6 weeks. Group IV (OIL), the control group, received only corn oil daily, by oral gavage throughout the experiment. The concentration of α-endosulfan in the END group was higher in livers (0.102±0.012 ppb) than the β-endosulfan (0.072±0.001 ppb). Decreased accumulation of α and β endosulfan was observed in the END+C group (0.025±0.003 and 0.016±0.002 ppb, respectively) (p<0.0001). The most prominent gross findings at the necropsy were seen in the END group, in which swollen and pale livers were commonly observed. Hemorrhages, degenerations, necrosis, and in some rabbits bile duct hyperplasia were the marked histopathological findings of the END group. Caspase-3 positive reaction was more severe in this group than in the others. An ameliorating effect of Vit C on gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings was observed in the END+C group. The results revealed that endosulfan is highly toxic for rabbit livers. However, toxicity was decreased by Vit C treatment, which reduced the accumulation of endosulfan in livers four-fold.