多层螺旋CT下腔静脉直接成像的临床初步研究

目的 初步探讨MSCT下腔静脉直接成像的优越性.方法 回顾性分析本院2007年7月至2009年3月期间,28例行MSCT增强扫描的患者资料,其中2例同时行间接成像和直接成像,得到间接法下腔静脉成像10例,下腔静脉直接成像20例.采用双盲法对2种方法得出的下腔静脉图像按照图像质量和血管显示程度进行评价.结果 10例下腔静脉间接成像中,1例由于静脉期对比剂浓度太淡而失败.图像质量评价为良者2例,差者为7例,无评价为优者.20例下腔静脉直接成像中,血管显示分度为1度、2度、3度者分别为16、4和0例,图像质量为优、良、差和失败者分别为16、4、0和0例.检查成功率为100%,能较好的满足诊断要求.结论 下腔静脉直接成像图像质量明显优于下腔静脉间接法得到的图像.     

螺旋CT评价骨关节外伤的临床价值

目的 :研究螺旋CT三维成像评价骨关节创伤的临床应用价值。方法 :选择骨关节外伤临床表现明显 ,而X线平片不能明确诊断的病例 ,CT扫描范围根据X线平片确定 ,扫描层厚 3mm ,进床速度 6mm/s ,36 0°/s扫描。将原始数据重建为 2mm层厚 ,1mm间隔 (重叠率 5 0 % )。将重建后图像传至工作站 ,应用多层面容积重建 (MPVR)和表面遮盖显示(SSD) ,由两名以上有经验的放射科医生对图像进行双盲法分析。结果 :84例骨关节外伤中包括肩 15例、肘 6例、腕 5例、髋 2 7例、膝 2 3例、踝 3例 ,以及环枢关节 5例。MPVR和SSD均提供了准确的影像诊断。结论 :螺旋CT检查 ,特别是MPVR对平片或临床可疑关节损伤者是一种重要的补充检查手段 ,且对临床治疗方案的制订有重要的价值。     

下腔静脉畸形的64层螺旋CT表现

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT下腔静脉畸形的影像表现.方法 回顾性分析6986例受检者的腹部64层螺旋CT增强扫描资料,共发现25例下腔静脉先天畸形.分析下腔静脉畸形的影像表现.结果 25例下腔静脉畸形中包括左下腔静脉6例,CT表现为肾下段腹主动脉左侧上行的下腔静脉.双下腔静脉10例,CT表现为肾下段腹主动脉两侧上行的下腔静脉.左肾静脉畸形5例,CT增强扫描横断面显示腹主动脉后和环主动脉走行的左肾静脉.肝下段下腔静脉中断伴奇静脉延续2例,胸腹部CT增强扫描显示肝段至肾上段下腔静脉缺如,肾段下腔静脉由奇静脉延续回流人上腔静脉,而肝静脉直接回流右心房.腔静脉血管造影见对比剂经增粗的奇静脉和半奇静脉通过上腔静脉回流右心房.肝下段下腔静脉中断伴门静脉延续1例,增强CT显示下腔静脉直接与门静脉在肝门部连接,肝门部门静脉呈瘤样扩张.左下腔静脉伴半奇静脉延续1例,增强CT可见左下腔静脉与半奇静脉连接,上行汇入奇静脉.结论 64层螺旋CT可清晰显示下腔静脉及其属支的畸形,可成为下腔静脉畸形的重要诊断方法.     

下腔静脉返流征及其临床意义

目的提出经肘静脉CT增强“下腔静脉返流征”这一新征象,并探讨其临床意义。方法对CT增强动脉期出现的下腔静脉返流征进行分析。结果26例下腔静脉返流征表现为CT增强动脉期下腔静脉呈逆行强化;其中24例有心、肺疾病(肺心病9例,缩窄性心包炎7例,风湿性心脏病5例,心包积液3例),2例有主动脉疾病(主动脉瘤1例,主动脉夹层1例)。结论以2.5ml/s速率经肘静脉注射含碘造影剂CT增强出现的下腔静脉返流征,强烈提示心、肺等疾患所致右心压力增高。     

原发性下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨原发性下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤的CT诊断价值。方法回顾性分析我院2005年4月～2012年3月经手术病理证实为原发性下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤的6例患者CT资料。所有患者均行CT增强扫描及三维后处理重建。重建方法包括MPR、VR及MIP等。以手术结果为标准,分析CT检查显示原发性下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤的准确性。结果6例患者中,4例病灶呈明显不均匀强化,2例呈中等程度强化,CT检查在病变位置、大小、形态、与周围组织问的关系及周围侧枝循环形成的显示上与手术结果一致。结论CT增强扫描及三维重建在原发性下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤的诊断中有重要价值,可用于临床手术计划的制定。     

成人下腔静脉的CT测量及其在介入治疗中的意义

目的:了解肾静脉以上段下腔静脉左右径、前后径及其与冠状面成角、肝后段下腔静脉长度.方法:利用100例患者腹部CT增强图像,分别测量下腔静脉右心房入口处的左右径和前后径、第一肝门平面及肾盂平面的左右径、前后径及它们与冠状面所成角度,肝后段下腔静脉长度.患者年龄19～81岁,平均年龄为50.9岁.结果:第一肝门平面左右径和前后径与冠状面所成角度分别为(43.4±12.0)°、(46.8±11.8)°;肾盂平面左右径和前后径与冠状面所成角度分别为(37.8±9.8)°、(50.6±10.9)°.以上两个平面左右径与冠状面所成角度差异具有显著性意义(t=3.8,P=0.000),以上两个平面前后径与冠状面所成角度差异也具有显著性意义(t=-2.36,P=0.019).右心房入口处的左右径和前后径分别为(28.4±4.2) mm、(19.8±3.5) mm;第一肝门平面左右径和前后径分别为(25.6±3.7) mm、(18.2±3.6) mm;肾盂平面的左右径和前后径分别为(25.7±4.6) mm、(15.4±3.2) mm.单因素方差分析表明3个不同平面的下腔静脉左右径之间差异存在显著性意义(F=15.0,P=0.000);3个不同平面的下腔静脉前后径之间差异也存在显著性意义(F=40.9,P=0.000).肝后段下腔静脉长度为(58.9±10.0) mm.结论:对肾静脉以上段不同平面下腔静脉径线及其与冠状面成角、肝后段下腔静脉长度的测量结果,为下腔静脉有关的介入诊疗提供参考数据.     

胸部钝性外伤的CT表现

随着胸部钝性外伤病例的日益增多,影像学检查在该病的诊断和处理中发挥着越来越大的作用,CT有利于各种胸部外伤的快速确诊,特别是多层螺旋CT和各种容积重组方法又增加了人们对胸部外伤及其相关病变的新认识。综述肺、纵隔、大血管、膈肌和骨性胸廓等胸部各脏器和组织在钝性外伤时的CT表现。     

胸部钝性外伤的CT表现

随着胸部钝性外伤病例的日益增多,影像学检查在该病的诊断和处理中发挥着越来越大的作用,CT有利于各种胸部外伤的快速确诊,特别是多层螺旋CT和各种容积重组方法又增加了人们对胸部外伤及其相关病变的新认识.综述肺、纵隔、大血管、膈肌和骨性胸廓等胸部各脏器和组织在钝性外伤时的CT表现.     

外伤迟发性脑挫裂伤的早期CT征象探讨

外伤迟发性脑挫裂伤指颅脑外伤所致的、延迟发生的脑挫裂伤，常造成临床表现与CT诊断不相符的情况，有时会漏诊。本文收集我院2003年以来28例外伤迟发性脑挫裂伤患者的CT及临床资料，对首次急诊CT图像进行重点分析，以提高对本病的认识。     

下腔静脉肝段推移征评价肝肾间巨大肿块来源于肝脏的诊断试验

目的　探讨在肝肾间巨大肿块CT定位诊断中 ,用下腔静脉肝段推移征象区分肝脏与非肝脏来源占位病变的价值。资料与方法　经手术病理和临床证实的位于肝肾间区域 ,直径≥ 4cm肿块共 97例 ,均行CT增强扫描。其中肝脏来源 (试验组 ) 4 3例 ,非肝脏来源 (对照组 ) 54例。重点观察下腔静脉肝段推移的CT征象并用诊断试验评价该征象。结果　下腔静脉肝段推移征在试验组中的出现率为 86 .0 % (37/43) ;在对照组的出现率为 7.4% (4/54)。在推移方向的分布上 ,试验组和对照组没有显著差异 (χ2 =0 .0 3 ,P >0 .0 5)。下腔静脉肝段推移征诊断肝肾间巨大肿块来源于肝脏的敏感性 86 .0 % ,特异性 92 .6 % ,准确性 89.7%。结论　下腔静脉肝段推移征是诊断肝肾间巨大肿块来源于肝脏的有价值的CT征象。     

The collapsed inferior vena cava: CT evidence of hypovolemia

In a review of 100 patients undergoing abdominal CT for blunt abdominal trauma, seven had flattening of the infrahepatic inferior vena cava at multiple levels. In six of these patients, emergency surgery was required to control major hemorrhage. Three patients had hypotension documented during or shortly after abdominal CT. Five patients had major intraabdominal injuries, and one patient had massive hemorrhage from facial lacerations. The severity of the blood loss was not fully appreciated clinically in five of the six patients before CT. The seventh patient had no clinical evidence of significant blood loss; in this case the flattened inferior vena cava probably was related to a normal variant. In a group of 100 patients scanned for nonacute conditions, none had flattening of the infrahepatic inferior vena cava at multiple levels. Presence of a collapsed inferior vena cava may be CT evidence of significant hypovolemia from major blood loss and should prompt careful hemodynamic and central venous pressure monitoring.     

Inferior vena cava dissection following blunt abdominal trauma

Dissection of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is rare, with only a few published reports in the literature. It is usually associated with blunt abdominal injury or iatrogenic injury from a catheter manipulation. Venous dissections are rare due to lack of well-developed layers in the walls (intima, media and adventitia), low pressure in the venous system, and the absence of atherosclerotic changes. However, IVC dissection is associated with a high mortality rate due to the difficulty in diagnosis, technically difficult surgical repair, and associated solid organ injuries. We report a case of IVC dissection from a low-speed motor vehicle collision and discuss its imaging features.     

The value of non-contrast-enhanced CT in blunt abdominal trauma

The usefulness of non-contrast CT, limited to the upper abdomen, in conjunction with conventional IV contrast-enhanced scanning was studied prospectively in 190 patients who had sustained blunt abdominal trauma. In 78, visceral injuries were confirmed at surgery or at follow-up CT. Of the patients with injuries, 14 (18%) had hyperdense hematomas on the non-contrast studies that became isodense after IV administration of contrast material. These hematomas generally were small and posed an immediate threat to life in only one patient (0.5% of all subjects). In 13% of patients with injury (5% of the total), the additional information did influence treatment planning (surgery in two and intensive conservative treatment in eight). Compared with conventional contrast scanning, the combined non-contrast-contrast technique increased the scanning time only by about 5 1/2 min, but it improved the sensitivity and accuracy of CT in detecting visceral injuries from 74% and 84% to 92% and 91%, respectively (p less than or equal to .003 and p less than or equal to .04). Although contrast-enhanced scanning alone accurately depicts visceral injuries requiring surgical treatment, the incorporation of a non-contrast sequence can detect a subgroup of patients who require intensive conservative management with bed rest and close observation. This additional information can be obtained expeditiously, with minimal additional effort or intervention. The use of non-contrast scanning alone is not recommended.     

The clinical impact of CT for blunt abdominal trauma

The use of computed tomography (CT) has had a tremendous impact on the evaluation and management of blunt abdominal trauma. It is noninvasive, easy to perform, and has been shown to be highly sensitive (100%), specific (96.8%), and accurate (97.6%). The use of CT has helped decrease the total number of laparotomies performed for abdominal trauma at this institution (231 in 1975-1976, 74 in 1983) as well as the number of negative and nontherapeutic laparotomies. The use of other diagnostic tests such as radionuclide scans and angiography in blunt abdominal trauma has been virtually replaced by CT. Of the 41 peritoneal lavages performed in 1983, 39 were in patients who were in the operating room for treatment of other extraabdominal injuries (i.e., closed head injury, severe extremity trauma).     

多层螺旋CT对腹部闭合性损伤的诊断价值

<正>腹部损伤约占所有损伤的0.4%～4.2%,常合并多脏器、多部位损伤而危及生命,其死亡率占所有损伤死亡率的10%。早期确诊腹部损伤的类别和准确定位有助于对伤者采取果断有效的处理措施、提高抢救成功率、降低死亡率、减少并发症。MSCT