非酮症高血糖性偏侧舞蹈症的影像学表现

目的探讨非酮症高血糖性偏侧舞蹈症的影像学表现,以提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析6例非酮症高血糖性偏侧舞蹈症患者的临床及影像学资料。结果 6例患者均进行CT及MRI平扫,CT表现为基底节区片状高密度影;MRI表现为T1WI高信号影,T2WI低或高信号不等,FLAIR序列稍高信号。其中3例同时行DWI、SWI及增强扫描。DWI表现为稍高信号,SWI表现为稍低信号影。增强扫描未见明显强化。经降血糖等治疗一段时间后,患者临床症状均不同程度缓解。结论非酮症高血糖性偏侧舞蹈症有非常典型的影像学表现,MRI能非常清楚地显示其病变特征,但需结合病史、临床症状、体征才能早期做出准确诊断。     

散发性Creutzfeldt-Jakob病30例临床分析

目的探讨散发性Creutzfeldt-Jakob病(sCJD)的临床、脑电图(EEG)及影像学特征。方法回顾性分析30例sCJD患者的临床资料。结果本组急性起病6例,亚急性起病18例,在发病1～3个月出现意识障碍、肌阵挛、去皮质强直状态;慢性起病6例,发病后1～2年出现上述典型症状。本组患者EEG均异常,早期表现广泛持续性慢波,中晚期出现典型三相波18例、不典型三相波8例。本组MRI表现双侧基底节区T2WI对称性高信号10例,右侧豆状核高信号1例;17例行MR弥散加权成像(DWI)扫描,均出现一侧或两侧额顶叶和/或枕叶皮质高信号,其中8例合并双侧基底节区对称性高信号。结论sCJD以亚急性起病多见,早期头颅DWI即可出现特征性额顶叶和/或基底节区高信号,为早期临床诊断提供依据;中晚期均出现意识障碍、肌阵挛、去皮质状态,EEG特征为三相波。     

非酮症性高血糖合并舞蹈症6例临床分析

目的探讨非酮症性高血糖合并舞蹈症患者的临床、影像学特点及随访结果。方法对6例非酮症性高血糖合并舞蹈症患者的临床资料、出院后随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果患者的平均起病年龄为(65.83±13.93)岁,其中女性患者5例,男性1例;急性-亚急性病程,患者表现为单侧(n=5例)或双侧肢体(n=1)舞蹈样动作,面部肌肉均有受累(n=6)。入院时静脉血糖平均值为:(9.21±5.15)mmol/L;所有患者的糖化血红蛋白显著升高:(14.1%±3.5%)。所有患者的MRI均提示基底节区T1序列高信号病灶,均累及壳核,可同时合并豆状核、尾状核受累;3例患者磁敏感成像(SWI)序列发现,对应的基底节区病灶为低信号病灶。2例患者发现大脑中动脉重度狭窄。5例患者平均随访(16.2±7.2)个月,3例患者死亡。结论颅脑MRI示基底节区T1加权序列高信号病灶是C-H-BG主要特点;患者可合并对应的SWI序列的低信号病灶。     

基底节区对称性低密度或异常信号的发病机理及CT-MRI诊断

目的:分析基底节区对称性低密度或异常信号的发病机理,加深对其CT-MRI表现的认识。方法:搜集30例,其中一氧化碳中毒12例,霉变甘蔗中毒2例,EB病毒性脑炎4例,维生素B_1缺乏2例,肝豆状核变性8例,亚急性坏死性脑脊髓病2例,均行CT及MRI扫描。结果:CT平扫均表现为两侧基底节区的对称性低密度,MRI T1像上呈对称性低信号,T2像上呈高信号。结论:MRI能更多地显示受累的部位,同时了解具有以上CT-MRI表现的疾病范畴对于鉴别诊断具有重要意义。     

磁共振梯度回波T*2 成像诊断急性脑出血的意义

目的评价磁共振梯度回波T2成像(GRET2WI)诊断急性脑出血的意义。方法发病1～24h的21例急性脑出血患者在行CT检查后,行GRET2WI检查及常规MRI检查,比较其诊断价值。结果21例出血灶在GRET2WI均表现为边界清楚的极低信号,或表现为边界清楚的低信号环,内部为略高信号或低信号区内混杂小点、斑片状高信号,使脑出血病灶显示非常清楚。6例在基底节区,同侧或对侧丘脑发现有1～7个直径2～5mm的圆形、斑点状的极低信号,为GRET2WI检测出的脑微出血。结论应用GRET2WI技术可以早期准确地诊断脑出血,可以全面了解患者颅内损害情况。     

非酮症高血糖合并舞蹈-投掷运动的临床特点

目的 探讨非酮症性高血糖合并舞蹈-投掷动作的临床特征.方法 回顾性分析8例伴有舞蹈一投掷动作的非酮症性高血糖患者的临床资料.结果 8例患者均为急性发病,舞蹈-投掷动作累及单侧或双侧肢体;发病时血糖水平明显增高(13.2～26 mmol/L),所有患者血浆酮体检测呈阴性;头部CT和MRI显示与临床症状相对应基底节区异常...     

散发性Creutzfeldt-Jakob病的临床、病理及影像学研究

目的探讨散发性Creutzfeldt—Jakob病(sCJD)的临床、病理及影像学特点方法同顾性分析12例sCJD患者的临床表现、脑电图(EEG)、影像学特点及病理资料。结果(1)本组男7例,女5例,平均发病年龄49岁;3例以视觉缺失急性起病,9例以智能下降,精神、行为异常或共济失调亚急性起病;12例均有痴呆、肌阵挛和锥体外系体征。(2)9例脑电图(EEG)表现典型的、1例表现不典型的三相波,(3)12例头颅MRI检查,5例出现双侧基底节区T2加权像WI对称性高信号;8例同时行弥散加权(DWI)扫描,均表现为额叶或／和枕叶DWI高信号,并有5例伴双侧基底节区对称性DwI高信号．(4)1例尸检及6例脑活检均具备CJD病理特点。结论sCJD在具备典型临床表现基础上,动态EEG及头颅MRI DWI扫描可为CJD的早期临床诊断提供依据?     

急性脑卒中患者血清SOD、MDA水平动态观察

<正> 对象与方法 1.对象:对照组:正常体检45岁以上健康成人中随机抽取30例,男21例,女9例,平均年龄54岁,测定SOD、MDA作为参考正常值。 ACVD组:30例,男19例,女11例,年龄34～75岁,平均年龄56岁,均为首次急性发病患者(72小时以后发病者除外)。全部经过头颅CT或MRI确诊,其中出血性卒中14例;基底节区出血4例,小脑出血5例,丘脑出血5例,蛛网膜下腔出血1例;缺血性卒中16例:基底节区梗塞6例,顶深部梗塞4例,额顶叶梗塞2例,颞顶叶梗塞3例,脑干梗塞1例。 2.方法:所有病人均于发病后72小时之内晨间空腹采静脉血,分离血清后立即放入-70C低温冰箱中     

急性脑血管病致偏侧舞蹈症临床分析

目的探讨急性脑血管病致偏侧舞蹈症的发病特点、病因及治疗效果。方法对我院收治的40例急性脑血管病致偏侧舞蹈症患者的临床特点、实验室检查、影像学表现及治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果 40例急性脑血管病致偏侧舞蹈症患者中基底节区腔隙性脑梗死29例,额叶腔隙性梗死2例,丘脑或内囊前支少量出血8例,基底节区大量出血1例。给予脑血管病常规及对症治疗,效果良好。结论急性脑血管病致偏侧舞蹈症患者病灶部位以基底节区为主,综合治疗效果好。     

纹状体内囊梗死的临床特点分析

目的探讨纹状体内囊梗死(striatocapsular infarction,SCI)的临床特点和与大脑中动脉局部病灶的关系。方法 5例发病在24h内入院的基底节区梗死患者,病灶直径>3cm,对其临床表现、发病72h内的头、颈部磁共振和磁共振血管成像、全脑血管造影表现进行分析。结果 5例梗死灶均局限在基底节区白质,无皮层受累,4例有早期运动进展;1例为病灶侧大脑中动脉夹层,3例病灶侧大脑中动脉主干中度以上狭窄。结论 SCI患者易发生早期运动进展,可能与病灶同侧大脑中动脉主干狭窄有关。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。