血管内皮细胞第Ⅷ因子在胃癌间质血管的研究

目的:应用血管内皮细胞单克隆第Ⅷ因子相关抗原对胃癌间质血管内皮细胞形态进行观察。方法:手术切除的120例标本应用免疫组织化学及荧光染色进行观察。均以正常羊血清替代第一抗体作空白对照。结果:对分布在胃癌间质中的各级血管内径进行测量,胃癌中心带、间带和外带间质血管内径均比无癌区带的血管内径大。结论:胃癌形成与血管内皮细胞增生是同步发生,甚至癌旁区带组织中血管内皮细胞已有增生。增生的内皮细胞阻塞血流,影响局部组织血液循环,抑制肿瘤间质血管内皮细胞增生是抗肿瘤治疗的重要手段。     

胃癌血管生成及抗血管生成治疗的研究进展

作为肿瘤间质组成的一部分,肿瘤内血管生成不仅为原发肿瘤生长所必需,也是肿瘤细胞向远处播散的必备条件之一.超微结构和免疫组化的观察发现,不同人类肿瘤组织中的血管密度和数量与肿瘤的侵袭转移潜能密切相关.最近许多研究证实了血管生成与胃癌侵袭性之间的联系,同时也有许多研究证实抑制血管生成能显著抑制肿瘤的生长及转移,在胃癌的治疗实验中已初步显示出良好的应用前景.     

MNNG诱发大鼠胃癌与间质血管的反应

目的研究胃癌发生中，间质血管反应的意义．方法应用Ｎ甲基Ｎ硝基Ｎ亚硝基胍（ＭＮＮＧ）＋表面活性剂，对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性大鼠进行诱癌实验．将ＭＮＮＧ溶于蒸馏水中，浓度为１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，供雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠（ｎ＝１５０）自由吸饮．每８ｗｋ处死大鼠７只，至３２ｗｋ实验全部结束．采用主动脉灌注墨汁观察组织间微血管密度，同时采用血管内皮细胞生长因子（ＶＥＧＦ）和增生细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ），以观察血管内皮细胞的反应．结果８ｗｋ～１６ｗｋ粘膜基部血管密度增加，血管内皮细胞明显增生，至２４ｗｋ发生原位癌，以ＭＮＮＧ＋ＶｉｔＤ（５０ｍｇ）组的腺胃癌发生率最高，３２ｗｋ处死的２０只大鼠中有１６只大鼠发生原位癌和润癌，肿瘤发生率为８０％．结论血管新生及血管内皮细胞增生与肿瘤生长的速度密切相关，间质组织中血管密度越大，内皮细胞增生越明显，癌细胞生长的速度越快．     

抗血管生成治疗在胃肠肿瘤临床研究中的现状与展望

肿瘤的血管生成是指肿瘤细胞诱导的毛细血管生长以及在肿瘤中建立血液循环的过程。肿瘤组织中大量的新生血管是恶性肿瘤的标志之一。1971年Folkman[1]首次提出肿瘤的生长依赖于血管生成,如能阻断肿瘤的血液供应,肿瘤可因缺乏血供而缩小或消退。此后,抗血管生成治疗从调节肿瘤血管生成过程、阻断或抗血管生成、干扰或改变肿瘤血管生成的微环境等多个角度,抑制肿瘤的发生、发展。目前抗血管生成治疗在胃癌和结直肠癌的临床应     

结肠癌中P73表达与血管生成的关系研究

肿瘤血管生成在肿瘤发生、发展和转移过程中有重要作用 ,许多研究发现 ,癌基因和抑癌基因的改变可直接调控血管生成因子和血管抑制生成因子 ,导致血管增生。近来研究显示 ,在结肠癌中P73高表达 ,且与患者预后密切相关 ,提示P73在肿瘤发生中可能起一定的作用 ,而P73与肿瘤血管生成的关系还不清楚。本研究旨在探讨结肠癌P73、血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)表达和肿瘤血管生成的关系。一、材料和方法1 .临床和病理资料 :5 6例原发性结肠癌和癌旁配对组织来自长宁区中心医院消化内镜中心 ,均经病理证实。病人的性别、年龄、Duke分期和肿瘤分化程…     

MNNG加吐温20和维生素D3对大鼠前胃的影响

目的　研究胃癌发生、发展过程中，间质组织中血管反应与肿瘤的关系．方法　经水摄入Ｎ－ 甲基－ Ｎ１ － 基－ Ｎ － 亚硝基胍（ ＭＮＮＧ）和表面活性剂（ 吐温２０） 诱发大鼠肿瘤，饲料中添加维生素Ｄ３（ＶｉｔＤ３） 对肿瘤进行预防． 每８ ｗｋ 处死大鼠７ 只，３２ ｗｋ 实验结束．结果　ｗ ｋ １６ 实验组大鼠前胃鳞状上皮形态主要以血管密度增加、血管内皮细胞增生，３２ ｗｋ（ ＭＮＮＧ） ＋ 表面活性剂和ＶｉｔＤ３ 组肿瘤发生率高于ＭＮＮＧ 组（１０ ％ ） ，肿瘤发生率为６５ ％ ．结论　该组动物诱癌实验表明，肿瘤形成前主要以血管新生、血管ＥＣ 增生为主的病理性变化．     

胃癌组织碱性成纤维细胞生长因子表达及对血管新生和肿瘤进展的影响

目的　探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)在胃癌组织中表达及其对血管新生和肿瘤生物学行为的影响。方法　应用免疫组化SP法检测 74例胃癌 ,17例癌旁组织bFGF表达及间质微血管密度 (MVD)。结果　胃癌组织中肿瘤细胞、间质新生血管高度表达bFGF。癌组织bFGF表达(77.0 3% )明显高于癌旁组织 (2 9.4 1% ,P <0 .0 1)。癌旁胃黏膜及伴有肠上皮化生的胃黏膜表达bFGF较弱。bFGF高表达组的平均MVD值 (79.3± 11.2 )明显高于bFGF低表达组 (71.2± 11.9,P <0 .0 5 )。此外bFGF表达程度与胃癌淋巴结转移和癌浸润深度密切相关。结论　bFGF可促进肿瘤间质微血管生成 ,加速肿瘤浸润和转移。     

核因子-кB在胃腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

近年研究表明,核因子(NF)-kB与肿瘤发生、发展、抗凋亡等密切相关。但NF-kB在胃癌中的作用机制及如何影响胃癌细胞增殖活性及肿瘤血管生成,国内外报道较少。本研究分析胃腺癌中NF-kB的表达情况,旨在了解NF-kB的表达与胃腺癌细胞增殖活性及肿瘤血管生成的关系,揭示其与胃腺癌浸润、转移等生物学行为及预后的关系。     

胃癌中血管生成素-2的表达及意义

应用免疫组织化学方法检测55例胃癌组织、12例癌旁胃组织和正常胃组织中的血管生成素-2(Ang-2)蛋白的表达及微血管密度(MVD).发现Ang-2蛋白表达及MVD在胃癌组织中均显著高于癌旁正常组织及正常胃黏膜组织;胃癌中Ang-2表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、病理分期、肿瘤分化程度密切相关.认为Ang-2可能在胃癌的发生、发展中起重要作用,有望作为胃癌抗血管治疗的靶点.     

bFGF、COX-2研究进展及与胃癌的关系

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)是存在于细胞质中的血管生成因子,可以通过自分泌或旁分泌方式参与肿瘤间质血管生成的调节,促进细胞迁移、有丝分裂和增殖.对肿瘤的发生、发展及预后均产生影响.环氧合酶-2(COX-2)是合成前列腺素的关键酶之一,其在组织中呈诱导性表达,与肿瘤浸润转移有一定的相关性.研究表明,COX-2表达在肿瘤尤其是消化系肿瘤的发生、发展、分化和转移中起重要作用.在胃癌中,bFGF与COX-2均存在特异性高表达.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.