Design,Synthesis, and Antiviral Evaluation of Chimeric Inhibitors of HIV Reverse Transcriptase

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Some Hydrazones of 2‐Aroylamino‐3‐methylbutanohydrazide: Synthesis,Molecular Modeling Studies,and Identification as Stereoselective Inhibitors of HIV‐1

In accordance with our antiviral drug development attempt, acylhydrazone derivatives bearing amino acid side chains were synthesized for the evaluation of their antiviral activity against various types of viruses. Among these compounds, 8 _S , 11 _S , and 12 _S showed anti‐HIV‐1 activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) = 123.8 µM (selectivity index, SI > 3), IC₅₀ = 12.1 µM (SI > 29), IC₅₀ = 17.4 µM (SI > 19), respectively. Enantiomers 8 _R , 11 _R , and 12 _R were inactive against the HIV‐1 strain III_B. Hydrazones 8 _S , 11 _S , and 12 _S which were active against HIV‐1 wild type showed no inhibition against a double mutant NNRTI‐resistant strain (K103N;Y181C). Molecular docking calculations of R‐ and S‐enantiomers of 8 , 11 , and 12 were performed using the hydrazone‐bound novel site of HIV‐1 RT.     

Synthesis of Novel Uracil Non-Nucleoside Derivatives as Potential Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of HIV-1

Novel emivirine and TNK-651 analogues 5a – d were synthesized by reaction of chloromethyl ethyl ether and / or benzyl chloromethyl ether, respectively, with uracils having 5-ethyl and 6-(4-methylbenzyl) or 6-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) substituents. A series of new uracil non-nucleosides substituted at N-1 with cyclopropylmethyloxymethyl 9a – d , 2-phenylethyloxymethyl 9e – h , and 3-phenylprop-1-yloxymethyl 9i – l were prepared on treatment of the corresponding uracils with the appropriate acetals 8a – c . Some of the tested compounds showed good activity against HIV-1 wild type. Among them, 1-cyclopropylmethyloxymethyl-5-ethyl-6-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)uracil 9c and 5-ethyl-6-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)-1-(2-phenylethyloxymethyl)uracil 9g showed inhibitory potency equally to emivirine against HIV-1 wild type. Furthermore, compounds 9c and 9g showed marginal better activity against NNRTI resistant mutants than emivirine.