国内Barthel指数和改良Barthel指数应用的回顾性研究

目的: 系统回顾分析国内Barthel指数(BI)和改良Barthel指数（MBI）的发展及使用情况,以利于今后量表的规范化使用。方法: 通过系统回顾的方法对1979年以来有关BI与MBI的文献和书籍进行系统分析。结果：有关BI的文献723篇,其中,73.12%—84.39%作为判断康复疗效的指标,而针对其本身研究的文献仅发现1篇。在入选的29篇MBI文献中,66.67%—73.12%的文章显示MBI作为疗效的判断,但没有发现针对量表本身的研究。同时,涉及MBI的专业书籍中85%错误认为BI就是MBI。结论：BI和MBI是日常生活活动（ADL）评定及疗效判定的重要指标,但在国内使用中缺乏针对性的研究,使用混乱,甚至错误地将BI认为是MBI。因此,正确区分BI和MBI及规范化其使用方法是很有必要的。     

The Early Rehabilitation Barthel Index (ERBI)

An extended version of the Barthel index, the so-called "Early Rehabilitation Barthel Index", or ERBI, is widely used in German early neurological rehabilitation centres and even was used in defining early rehabilitation procedures in the German DRG system. It contains highly relevant items like mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, or dysphagia. This study presents an English version of the ERBI and examines its validity and reliability. Two samples of early neurological rehabilitation patients have been analyzed. In one sample (n=1,669), measures of morbidity and length of stay (LOS) have been compared between certain ERBI categories. In a second sample (n=273), inter-rater reliability (nurses vs. physicians) has been examined. Patients with low ERBI had a significantly longer LOS than those with high ERBI values (p<0.001). Further, parameters of morbidity (patient clinical complexity level, number of co-diagnoses) were significantly higher in a low ERBI subgroup. Inter-rater reliability was r=0.849 (p<0.001). The findings suggest that the ERBI is a reliable and valid scale to assess early neurological rehabilitation patients.     

A critique of the Barthel Index.

This article provides a critical review of a popular functional index, the Barthel Index. The strengths and weaknesses of the index with an emphasis on its use by nurses is considered and the need to use this and other functional indices for measuring disability is addressed.     

Walking recovery after an acute stroke: assessment with a new functional classification and the Barthel Index

OBJECTIVES: To investigate walking recovery after an acute stroke by using both a new functional classification and the Barthel Index, and to identify factors associated with good recovery. DESIGN: A 1-year inception cohort study. SETTING: In- and outpatient setting in a district hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-six patients with a prognosis of intermediate walking recovery. INTERVENTION: Conventional physical rehabilitation under professional supervision. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Walking capacity was assessed with a new classification scale and the Barthel Index during 5 patient evolution stages (admission to the hospital, hospital and physiotherapy discharge, clinical review, end of study). We also assessed the severity of the paresis of the affected lower limb, the time lapse between the stroke until the recovery of the weight-bearing capacity of the affected leg, and finally the time until standing balance was regained. RESULTS: We detected improvement in walking capacity throughout the follow-up process with our new classification scale, but not with the Barthel Index. Significant improvements were observed from the initial assessment, from 1 month onward, and from 3 to 12 months. The functional level of the final ambulation correlated negatively and significantly with the initial time to achieve weight-bearing capacity on the affected leg and also with the standing balance. There was also a significant correlation with the severity of lower-extremity paresis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients experienced an improvement in walking recovery throughout the first year after their stroke. The early weight-bearing capacity of the affected leg and standing balance were associated with higher walking levels 1 year after the stroke.     

扩展Barthel指数在脑卒中患者中的信度与效度

目的 研究扩展Barthel指数(EBI)在脑卒中患者日常生活活动(ADL)评估中的信度与效度.方法 2018年1月至2019年10月,方便抽取苏州大学附属第一医院住院的脑卒中患者136例,采用EBI进行评定,评定者A于患者入院48 h内完成EBI评定2次,间隔>12 h;评定者B在患者入院24 h内完成EBI评估1次...     

Barthel自理能力评分与护理工作量的相关性研究

[目的]研究病人自理能力评分与护理工作量之间的相关性。[方法]采用Barthel评分量表评估病人的自理能力,依据病人自理能力分为完全需要照顾、大部分需要照顾、少部分需要照顾和生活基本自理4组,采用工时测算法测算住院病人的每日直接护理工作量。[结果]不同自理能力病人所需直接护理工作量不同,完全需要照顾组和大部分需要照顾组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,其他各组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。13类直接护理项目中10类直接护理工作量与Barthel自理能力评分存在负相关（P〈0.01）。[结论]病人自理能力是反映护理工作量的重要因素,但并不是唯一因素,能反映临床护理工作量的各因素,建立适合我国国情的病人分类系统,以实现科学合理地配置和使用护理人力目标。     

中文版Barthel指数的信度与效度研究

目的 研究脑卒中患者中文版Barthel指数(Barthel Index,BI)的信度和效度.方法 147例急性脑卒中患者分别由不同评定者对同一脑卒中患者于入院当天、入院第15天、发病后第90天进行BI的评定.用Kappa值表示重测信度与评定者间信度,用Cronbach α值表示分半信度、内部一致性信度.采用Spearman相关分析预测效度,采用因子分析方法评定结构效度.结果 所有重测信度、评定者间信度的Kappa值差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);分半信度:BI奇偶项两部分的Cronbach α值分别为0.837、0.824,两部分的rs为0.903;内部一致信度:Cronbach α值为0.916;效度研究中患者的KMO统计量为0.854,Bartlett球形检验拒绝相关阵是单位阵(P＜0.01);入院时、发病15天的BI评分结果与发病90天后BI呈正相关(rs=0.614,0.583,均P＜0.01);与斯堪的那维亚卒中量表(Scandinavian Stroke Scale,SSS)结果呈正相关(rs=0.619,0.704,0.882,均P＜0.01),与美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)呈负相关(rs=-0.587,-0.705,-0.790,均P＜0.01).结论 中文版的BI重测信度和评定者间信度佳,内部一致性好;具有结构效度、预测效度;使用方便,易于掌握,可广泛应用于脑卒中的评定中.     

Barthel指数对脑卒中患者住院康复效果的预测

目的：探讨Barthel指数(BI)对脑卒中患者治疗前后功能状态改变的预测效果。方法：采用回顾性研究的方法．将脑卒中患者227例的临床资料进行分析。根据患者入院时BI积分，分为严重功能障碍组、重度功能障碍组、中度功能障碍组、轻度功能障碍组和功能良好组。应用BI评定患者康复治疗前和出院时的日常生活活动能力。结果：入院时中度功能障碍患者的平均BI增分和增分速率均明显高于其他各组。提示BI积分41～60的脑卒中患者可作为住院康复治疗的首选对象．并可初步预测患者经过康复治疗后可能获得良好康复效果。结论：中度功能障碍患者比重度及轻度功能障碍患者具有更高的功能获得。     

Barthel自理能力评分与护理工作量的相关性研究

[目的]研究病人自理能力评分与护理工作量之间的相关性。[方法]采用Barthel评分量表评估病人的自理能力,依据病人自理能力分为完全需要照顾、大部分需要照顾、少部分需要照顾和生活基本自理4组,采用工时测算法测算住院病人的每日直接护理工作量。[结果]不同自理能力病人所需直接护理工作量不同,完全需要照顾组和大部分需要照顾组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其他各组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。13类直接护理项目中10类直接护理工作量与Barthel自理能力评分存在负相关(P0.01)。[结论]病人自理能力是反映护理工作量的重要因素,但并不是唯一因素,能反映临床护理工作量的各因素,建立适合我国国情的病人分类系统,以实现科学合理地配置和使用护理人力目标。     

扩展Barthel指数量表评定脑卒中ADL能力的效度研究

目的:初步研究扩展巴氏指数量表(EBI)评定脑卒中日常生活活动能力(ADL)的效度,为其临床应用提供依据。方法:对30例脑卒中患者进行EBI、巴氏指数(BI)量表、改良巴氏指数(MBI)量表、简易精神状态量表(MMSE)的评估,将EBI运动功能部分、认知功能部分分别与BI、MBI和MMSE进行Spearman相关分析以检验EBI的效度。结果:EBI的运动功能部分与BI、MBI总分及各项之间,认知部分与MMSE总分具有高度相关性,EBI与BI、MBI、 MMSE总分相关系数分别为:0.915,0.949,0.879(P0.01),具有高度相关性。结论:EBI具有良好的效度,从某种程度上体现了脑卒中运动功能、认知功能状态,可以更全面评定脑卒中的ADL能力。     

Parallel reliability of the functional independence measure and the Barthel ADL index

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between the assessments of ADL according to the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and the Barthel ADL index (BI) by means of a rank-invariant statistical method. Method: The construct validity, also called parallel reliability, of FIM and BI was assessed on the item level. Two different approaches to condensing the FIM assessments into 2-4 scale steps on the item level in order to calibrate the two ADL instruments were compared. One was determined by the theoretical operational definitions and the other defined by the empirical definitions. The 204 assessments of elderly persons were made three months after stroke by means of interviews. Results: The parallel reliability of the FIM and the BI on the item level was strong, both according to the theoretical cut-off levels defined by the operational definitions and the empirical cut-off levels defined by the marginal distributions. Conclusions: The concordance between FIM and BI was high. There was a slight difference in favour of the operational definitions. The clinical key elements are to have a critical attitude towards ADL instruments; how they are constructed and operationalized. These are important elements in the quality assurance in the everyday work.     

Barthel指数量表应用于急性脑卒中患者生活能力测量的信度研究

目的:探讨Barthel指数量表在急性脑卒中患者中的评价者间信度和内在一致性。方法:32例急性脑卒中患者参与本研究。在入院和出院时由两位护士各自独立地应用Barthel指数量表评价。检验Barthel指数量表的评价者间信度和内在一致性。结果:评价者间信度统计分析结果显示,在入院和出院时的Barthel指数量表总分的ICC值分别为0.987和0.945。内在一致性统计分析结果显示,在入院和出院时的Barthel指数量表的Cronbach’sα系数分别为0.908和0.890,Barthel指数量表的10项目Cronbach’sα系数范围为0.871～0.915。结论:Barthel指数量表具有良好的评价者间信度和内在一致性,本研究为护士在急性脑卒中患者中应用Barthel指数量表提供了参考依据。     

Gain in functional ability during medical rehabilitation as related to rehabilitation process indices and neurologic measures

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incremental value of neurologic and rehabilitation process indices in predicting gain in functional abilities during rehabilitation after spinal cord injury (SCI) and to describe a model for program evaluation that provides unbiased comparisons of rehabilitation process and normative comparison of individual patient gains in functional ability. STUDY DESIGN: Multiple regression including variables in a prespecified hierarchical fashion. Linear models are formulated to gauge the incremental value of neurologic measures and rehabilitation process indices when investigating the rehabilitation process and the outcome of medical rehabilitation. RESULTS: All measures and indices vary in predictable and expected manners across individual centers and injury groups; moreover, each has demonstrated the capacity to provide unique information to the investigation of the rehabilitation process. The comprehensive set of variables accounts for 52.8% of the variance in self-care gain and 53.3% of the variance in mobility gain. The rehabilitation process indices together contribute 15% of the variance of self-care gain and over 18% of the explained variance in mobility gain. CONCLUSION: Forecasting gain in functional ability of patients in the domains of self-care and mobility may be enhanced when measures of neurologic impairment are supplemented with rehabilitation process indices. In addition, technical enhancements in measurement of rehabilitation process indices and gain in functional ability provide objective comparison of individual center differences and individual patient gains.     

An audit of the use of the Barthel Index in palliative care

The Barthel Index (Mahoney and Barthel, 1965) is an objective tool which assesses an individual's ability to perform activities of daily living; for example, personal care, mobility, transfers, bathing and feeding. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the Index could be used with patients with life-threatening illnesses who are admitted to the inpatient intermediate care unit, to aid clinical practice, establish patients' current level of function, and highlight any progress or deterioration in abilities. The overall aim was to facilitate discharge planning and ensure that patients were managed in their preferred place of care. This was a clearly defined group of patients in a specific clinical area. The authors recognise that to improve consistency of findings, the study may need to be applied to a larger cohort of patients with a greater research emphasis. The article presents the results of an audit of 50 patients. The findings suggest that those patients with a low Barthel score on admission, or those with a score dropping by ten or more per week, are significant predictors of a short prognosis. It concludes that the Barthel Index would be a useful tool in the community to prevent inappropriate admission for those with a low score where the patient wishes to die at home. It could also be used as a monitoring tool to help discharge planning and fast-tracking to the preferred place of care in inpatient settings, and may also assist in community health care (CHC) planning.     

Barthel评估操应用于肿瘤患者分级护理的效果

目的探讨Barthel指数(Barthel index BI)量表评估操应用于肿瘤科实施分级护理的效果。方法便利抽样法选取2015年1-5月在同济大学附属肺科医院肿瘤科住院的肺部肿瘤患者50例为研究对象,分别行BI指数量表评分和BI评估操评分,记录两种评估方法的评估时间,根据分值结合患者病情确定护理分级。结果 50例患者的BI指数量表评分评估时间为(3.5±2.31)min,BI评估操评分时间为(2.1±1.50)min,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);BI指数量、BI评估操评分结合患者病情分级而确定的护理分级分别为:Ⅰ级护理6例,Ⅱ级护理44例;Ⅰ级护理10例,Ⅱ级护理40例,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。患者对于BI评估操评分的护理满意度得分为(98.45±1.21)分,显著高于BI指数量表评分的(91.23±2.13)分(P0.05)。结论 BI评估操作为BI指数量表测评实施的工具,可完成对患者生活自理能力的客观评定,有助于临床护士客观、合理地进行护理分级决策,是对护理分级标准的有益补充。     

The Barthel Index: comparing inter-rater reliability between Nurses and Doctors in an older adult rehabilitation unit

Objective

To ensure accuracy in recording the Barthel Index (BI) in older people, it is essential to determine who is best placed to administer the index. The aim of this study was to compare doctors' and nurses' reliability in scoring the BI.

Methods

Sixty-five consecutive patients admitted to an older adult rehabilitation unit were assessed using the BI. Four raters recorded the BI on all patients. BI scores were compared for equivalence on the level of agreement between raters.

Results

Near-perfect correlation in the total scores between raters indicated that the final score is reliable. There was a statistically significant bias by doctors who gave a higher BI score than nurses with a mean difference of 1.2 (95% confidence interval). Nurses demonstrated good and very good agreement on all 10 items, whereas doctors demonstrated good agreement on only 5 items.

Conclusion

The BI is highly reliable when recorded by nurses with low interrater variation, whereas between doctors, there is greater variation. When assessing older adult's activities of daily living, there is greater interrater reliability in the BI score when the patient is observed performing the activities of daily living compared to the self-report method.     

Barthel指数在长期护理机构老年痴呆患者中的适用性分析

目的 检验Barthel指数在长期护理机构老年痴呆患者日常生活活动能力评估中的适用性,为制订量表整体难度与老年痴呆患者实际能力相符的Barthel指数提供参考依据。 方法采用横断面调查法,便利选取广州市某长期护理机构的160例老年痴呆患者进行Barthel指数评估,并对测量结果进行Rasch分析。 结果 Barthel指数第一维度解释了91%的变异,第二维度解释了0.6%的变异,各条目相互独立,量表具有良好的单维性,但“平地行走”条目与Rasch模型拟合欠佳（infit MNSQ=1.53,Z=3.8）。Barthel指数条目难度与老年痴呆患者实际能力不匹配,且各条目之间的难度间距离均偏小（<1.4 logits）,尤其是“平地行走”条目。Barthel指数各条目在不同性别及不同痴呆严重程度患者中无功能差异。Barthel指数的受试者信度为0.91,条目信度为0.99。结论 Barthel指数是一个单维性量表,有良好的信度,但量表整体难度与老年痴呆患者实际能力不符,有必要降低条目难度,调整条目之间的难度间距,以提高Barthel指数在长期护理机构老年痴呆患者中的适用性。