线粒体三磷酸腺苷敏感钾通道介导脑保护作用的机制

目的 :线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道 (mitoKATP)是存在于许多组织细胞线粒体内膜上的一种可调节线粒体代谢活动的钾离子通道。研究表明 ,mitoKATP在脑细胞的保护中具有重要作用 ,mitoKATP活动的调控是研究缺血脑保护的重要环节。氧自由基作为线粒体活动的一种重要中间产物 ,参与包括心肌细胞在内的组织细胞的mitoKATP活动的调节 ,但是其是否参与脑细胞mi toKATP开放对缺血脑的保护作用尚无报道。方法 :大鼠海马脑片为实验模型 ,以无糖 -无氧人工脑脊液灌流作为模拟缺血处理 ,细胞外记录海马CA1区的群体锋电位 (PS)和缺血去极化电位 (I…     

细胞外三磷酸腺苷的代谢及其生物学作用

细胞外三磷酸腺苷的代谢及其生物学作用北京医科大学肾脏病研究所暨第一医院肾内科（１０００３４）程叙扬李晓玫ＭｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍａｎｄｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｅｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｅｘｔｒａｃｅｌｕｌａｒＡＴＰＣＨＥＮＧＸｕ－Ｙａｎｇ，ＬＩＸｉａｏ－ＭｅｉＩｎｓ...     

大建中汤对脾阳虚腹痛大鼠大脑皮质三磷酸腺苷含量和三磷酸腺苷酶活性的影响

目的:通过观察大建中汤对脾阳虚腹痛大鼠皮质ATP含量以及钠钾ATP酶和钙镁ATP酶活性的影响,探讨大建中汤对脾阳虚腹痛大鼠的镇痛机制。方法:将大鼠随机分为正常对照组,模型对照组,大建中汤大、小剂量组。用饮食失调、劳倦过度加苦寒泻下的方法,建立脾阳虚腹痛大鼠模型后分别给予相应治疗。取大脑皮质处理后,采用高效液相色谱法测定各组大鼠皮质ATP含量的变化;采用无机磷法测定钠钾-三磷酸腺苷酶和钙镁-三磷酸腺苷酶活性。结果:与正常对照组相比,脾阳虚腹痛模型组大鼠大脑皮质ATP含量明显升高,钠钾ATP酶和钙镁ATP酶活性显著降低;与模型组相比,大建中汤能显著减少脾阳虚腹痛大鼠大脑皮质ATP含量,增加钠钾ATP酶和钙镁ATP酶活性。结论:脾阳虚腹痛症能使大脑皮质ATP含量升高,钠钾ATP酶和钙镁ATP酶活性降低,大建中汤能下调脾阳虚症动物大脑皮质ATP及上调钠钾ATP酶和钙镁ATP酶活性,这可能是其治疗脾阳虚腹痛的作用机制之一。     

离体大鼠肝细胞与三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的结合及脂质体的影响

离体大鼠肝细胞与10~(-3)或10~(-4)mol/L的~3H-ATP共同孵化20分钟,细胞结合ATP量分别为0.53±0.06和0.21±0.03n mol/mg·Pr。应用脂质体作为药物载体包裹ATP(10~(-4)mol/L),使肝细胞结合ATP增加102.4％(P<0.01)。缺氧并不使细胞结合ATP增加。高浓度ATP(10~(-3)mol/L)降低正常或缺氧细胞存活率和增加细胞内蛋白漏出。10~(-4)mol/L的ATP对细胞存活率和蛋白漏出无明显影响,脂质体包裹的ATP抑制缺氧肝细胞的蛋白漏出。     

病毒性肝炎患者用三磷酸腺苷-氯化镁前后免疫球蛋白变化

目前,国外关于三磷酸腺苷氯化镁(ＡＴＰＭｇＣｌ2)对休克、肝及肾功能不全的实验研究和临床试用已有文献报道,国内也有个别方面的报道,但未见用ＡＴＰＭｇＣｌ2后免疫球蛋白变化情况。本文从1996年2～9月间选择了86例病毒性肝炎,测定了ＡＴＰＭｇＣｌ2前后免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧ、Ｉ     

三磷酸腺苷诱导人白血病细胞U937凋亡的电镜观察

目的 为探讨三磷酸腺苷（ＡＴＰ）对人白血病细胞Ｕ９３７的促凋亡作用。方法 应用ＡＴＰ（０．２３ｇ／Ｌ）作用于人白血病细胞Ｕ９３７（ｈｕｍａｎ ｈｉｓｔｏｃｙｔｉｃ ｌｙｍｐｈｏｍａ）,⑴用白细胞计数器每日计数器细胞和计算抑制率;⑵用流式细胞分析仪检测ＡＴＰ对Ｕ９３７细胞周期改变和凋亡的影响;⑶苏木精－伊红以和电子显微镜检测凋亡小体的形成过程;⑷用苯胺黑染色检测凋亡小体的生命本性。结果 ⑴ＡＴＰ对Ｕ     

三磷酸腺苷对人胃癌细胞系MGC—803影响的电镜观察

用透射电镜和扫描电镜方法观察了三磷酸腺苷（ＡＴＰ）对人胃癌细胞系ＭＧＣ－８０３影响，结果表明，ＡＴＰ能使ＭＧＣ－８０３细胞的核仁由网状向环状改变，微丝的组装得改善，细胞表面微绒毛减少。提示ＭＧＣ－８０３细胞的恶性表型ＡＴＰ作用下可向正常方向逆转。     

三磷酸腺苷对人横纹肌肉瘤细胞系诱导分化作用的研究

为了探讨三磷酸腺苷（ＡＴＰ０对人横纹肌肉瘤细胞增殖和分化的影响，用ＡＴＰ作用于人横纹肌肉瘤细胞亚系（ＲＤＬ６）细胞，观察到ＡＴＰ可抑制ＲＤＬ６细胞的增殖，使其生长速度明显减慢，作用第５ｄ时增殖抑制率为８１％，流式光度术检测；观察到ＡＴＰ ＲＤＬ６细胞Ｓ期的细胞数明显增多，说明细胞停滞在Ｓ期，用罗氏黄荧光染料传法实，ＡＴ家恢复ＲＤＬ６细胞间隙加接通讯功能的作用。用 光细胞化学方法观察到经ＡＴＰ处理后     

Delayed phytohemagglutinin-stimulated production of adenosine triphosphate by aged human lymphocytes: Possible relation to mitochondrial dysfunction

The decreased immune response associated with aging may, in part, reflect intrinsic age-related biochemical alterations in lymphocytes from older animals. We measured levels of lymphocyte adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and continuous [³H]thymidine incorporation in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from young and old humans, and the effects thereon of inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and protein synthesis. No difference was found in adenine nucleotide content between young and old subjects. After 24 hours of culture there was a decrease in ATP, with recovery and 2–3-fold increase at 48 hours in young cells after phytohemagglutinin stimulation. We observed a clearcut delay in older lymphocytes of the increase in ATP and [³H]thymidine incorporation following phytohemagglutinin stimulation. We found no evidence for decreased viability or diminished number of responding units in aged cultures. The evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in the immunodeficiency of aging.     

预缺氧对急性缺氧大鼠心肌线粒体功能及ATP含量的影响

目的：观察预缺氧对急性缺氧大鼠心肌线粒体功能及ＡＴＰ含量的影响。方法：实验大鼠分三组。１常氧对照组;２急性缺氧组;３预缺氧组。测定了心肌ＡＴＰ含量及线粒体呼吸功能,以荧光偏振法测定线粒体膜流动性。结果：经预缺氧处理的大鼠遭受急性缺氧后ＡＴＰ含量从（３１８±２４２）ｍｇ１·ｇ－１增加到（６０５５±３．５２）ｍｇ－１·ｇ－１（Ｐ＜００１）;线粒体呼吸控制率（ＲＣＲ）从１８４±０５８上升到４５５±０３２（Ｐ＜００１）;线粒体膜流动性（ＭＭＦ）明显增加（Ｐ＜００５）,Ｆ０Ｆ１－ＡＴＰ酶及Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性分别提高６６％和２５％。结论：预缺氧可有效改善缺氧大鼠心肌能量代谢,其作用环节可能和提高线粒体膜流动性,改善线粒体呼吸功能有关。     

Detection of somatic coliphages through a bioluminescence assay measuring phage mediated release of adenylate kinase and adenosine 5′-triphosphate

The feasibility of detecting somatic coliphages by phage infection of Escherichia coli WG5 and measurement of phage propagation by the lysis mediated release of the bacterial host adenylate kinase (AK) and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) detected by a bioluminescent signal was evaluated. After 2 h of incubation, all cultures infected with reference bacteriophage X174 showed a significant increase in the bioluminescent signal, even with number of phages as low as less of 10 plaque forming units (PFU). Naturally occurring somatic coliphages ensured a significant bioluminescent signal after 3 h of infection when >10 PFU were inoculated. These results indicate that an easy and reliable method to detect low numbers of coliphages in less than 3 h is feasible.     

腺苷注射液对体外循环术中心肌保护作用的研究

目的:通过观察体外循环(CPB)中使用腺苷心肌停博液对CPB围术期心肌酶学及相应促炎性细胞因子释放的影响,探讨它减轻CPB术中心肌损害的作用。方法:选择47例主动脉阻断时间在30分钟以上的心脏直视手术患者,随机分为实验组23例,对照组24例。实验组在常规CPB术中,心脏灌注液中加入腺苷2mmolL,对照组不用腺苷注射液。分别在手术开始前、主动脉阻断后30分钟,主动脉开放后30分钟、12小时、24小时抽取桡动脉血,检测CKMB、采用ELISA法测定血浆细胞因子(TNFα、IL6)的浓度。结果:两组患者术前血浆TNFα、IL6、CKMB浓度无差异,在主动脉阻断30分钟后已开始升高(P<0.05),实验组患者TNFα、IL6、CKMB在主动脉开放后各时间点血浆浓度均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在CPB心脏冷停博液中加入腺苷注射液可明显减少CPB术中对心肌的损害,对术中肺保护起一定作用。     

Measurement of functional metabolic activity as a sensitive parameter of cytotoxicity in cultured hepatocytes

Summary Although standard in vitro toxicity parameters, such as cell viability and enzyme leakage, are useful, it is also important to develop sensitive indices of toxicity which evaluate cell injury other than by measuring changes in membrane integrity. We describe two early, sensitive indices of cytotoxicity involving differentiated liver function: maintenance of cellular urea levels and lactate to pyruvate ratio.To whom reprint requests should be addressed.     

Complete remission of unresectable colon cancer after preoperative chemotherapy selected by adenosine triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay

The adenosine triphosphate-based chemotherapy response assay (ATP-CRA) is a chemosensitivity test that offers the potential of selecting cancer treatments based on the responsiveness of individual tumors. We report a case of 47-yr-old male, presented with sigmoid colon cancer with multiple liver and peritoneal metastases, in which there was a complete response for the primary colon cancer after administration of preoperative chemotherapy selected by ATP-CRA. Oxaliplatin was the most sensitive drug based on the ATP-CRA where the specimen obtained by ultrasound- guided percutaneous liver biopsy was used. After twelve cycles of oxaliplatincapecitabine chemotherapy, abdominopelvic computed tomography revealed marked shrinkage of the liver metastases and positron emission tomography showed no uptake of 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) either in the liver or peritoneum except localized uptake in the sigmoid colon. The patient underwent an anterior resection and radiofrequency ablation of the liver metastases, which resulted in a macroscopic curative resection of the cancer cells. Histological examination revealed no residual cancer cells in the resected specimen of the sigmoid colon. This result suggested that preoperative chemotherapy chosen by ATP-CRA may be useful for treating advanced colon cancer with unresectable liver and peritoneal metastases.     

Correction of metabolic disturbances in experimental cirrhosis of the liver by cryosurgical destruction and plasma flow resection

Central Research Laboratory, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Kupriyanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 107, No. 5, pp. 604–607, May, 1989.     

Large cell change of hepatocytes in chronic viral hepatitis represents a senescent-related lesion

Large cell change involves the clustering of hepatocytes with hyperchromatism and cellular enlargement without an increase in the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. This study investigated whether large cell change in chronic viral hepatitis reflects cellular senescence because of morphological similarities between the 2 conditions. The expression of markers of senescence such as senescence-associated β-galactosidase, senescence-associated heterochromatic foci, and p21, as well as markers of cell kinetics such as Ki-67, was examined in 26 frozen and 82 formalin-fixed liver specimens. Large cell change was frequently detected in chronic hepatitis B cases with advanced histologic staging, particularly those with hepatocellular carcinoma. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, senescence-associated heterochromatic foci, and p21 were frequently detected in areas of large cell change. Hepatocytes with large cell change showed no proliferative or apoptotic activity. The frequent expression of senescent features and the absence of proliferative or apoptotic activity suggest that large cell change represents senescence. The parallel increase in large cell change and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B raises the possibility that cellular senescence develops as a safeguard against malignant transformation rather than as a precursor of hepatocellular carcinoma.