P16蛋白表达一胃癌浸润转移的关系

目的：研究抑癌基因P16在胃癌中的表达,探讨P16蛋白在胃癌浸润转移中的作用。方法：采用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白过氧化物酶连接法（SP法）,检测46例胃癌组织中P16蛋白的表达。结果：P16表达与性别、年龄、浸润深度无显著意义（P＞0．05）;伴淋巴结转移胃癌P16蛋白表达阳性率为6．9％,无淋巴结转移胃癌为35．3％,差异有显著意义（P＜0．05）。结论：P16蛋白表达缺失可能与胃癌转移有关。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在恶性肿瘤细胞中表达状况及其意义

目的：探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF)在癌细胞中表达及其意义。方法：采用SP免疫组化法检测癌组织181例,癌旁组织66例bFGF表达状况。结果：癌组织和癌旁组织bFGF阳性率分别为95．58％和62．12％,两者差异显著（P＜0．005）,（＋）的阳性率分别为48．55％和63．41％,（＋＋）分别为41．62％和36．59％（＋＋＋）分别为9．83％和0％。（＋）和（＋＋）的阳性率之间无显著性,（＋＋＋）差异显著（P＜0．025）,乳头状腺癌bFGF阳性率及表达强度显著低于低分化癌,腺癌和粘液腺癌（P＜0．05）,癌细胞转移组和无转移组bFGF阳性率无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,但（＋＋＋）阳性率前者显著高于后者（P＜0．05）,结论：各种癌组织表达bFGF高于癌旁组织,分化较差的癌细胞高于分化较好的癌细胞,癌转移组表达bFGF( )阳性高于无转移组。bFGF与癌发生发展和转移有着内在联系。     

P16蛋白表达与胃癌及淋巴结转移的关系

目的：前瞻性研究抑癌基因P16蛋白在人胃癌及转移淋巴结中的表达与胃癌转移的关系。方法：应用SP免疫组织化学方法检测46例原发性胃癌及69枚转移淋巴结中P16蛋白表达。结果：P16蛋白在受检原发性胃癌中的阳性率分别为17．4％（8／46）,在转移淋巴结中的阳性率分别为19．9％（11／69）。原发癌伴淋巴结转移组P16的阳性表达率（6．9％）低于不伴淋巴结转移组的阳性率（35．3％）,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。P16表达与肿瘤大小、部位、浸润深度、Bormann分型、年龄及性别等因素无相关性（P＞0．05）。P16在原发性胃癌及转移淋巴结中的表达无相关性（P＞0．05）。结论：P16基因蛋白对胃癌的发展及淋巴结转移有抑制作用。检测胃癌P16蛋白对评估胃癌生物学行为、预测胃癌淋巴结转移以及预后可能具有一定的价值。     

P53蛋白及EGFR在肺癌中的表达及其意义

应用S－P免疫组化法对85例肺癌及25例肺良性疾病标本进行了P53蛋白及EGFR的检测。结果：P53蛋白在肺癌中的阳性率为50．6％（43／85）。鳞癌及大细胞癌阳性率显著高于腺癌及小细胞癌的阳性率（P＜0．05）。肺良性疾病标本均阴性。P53蛋白阳性者的淋巴结转移率（79．1％，34／43）显著高于P53蛋白阴性者的转移率（57．1％，24／42）（P＜0．05）。提示P53蛋白在肺癌的发生发展及转移中起重要作用。EGFR在肺癌中的阳性率为72．9％（62／85），而在肺良性病变中为12％（3／25），两者阳性率差异显著（P＜0．05）。EGFR过度表达与肺癌病理类型及是否发生转移均无相关性。肺癌癌旁组织EGFR阳性率65．3％（62／95）。增生组癌旁组织阳性率（81．0％，47／58）显著高于无增生组阳性率（40．5％，15／37）（P＜0．05），无增生组癌旁组织阳性率显著高于肺良性疾病阳性率（P＜0．05）。提示EGFR过度表达与癌旁组织的增生密切相关，可能是肺癌发生的早期事件，在肺癌的发生中起重要作用。P53蛋白及EGFR共同表达者淋巴结转移率（85．3％，29／34）显著高于非共同阳性者的转移率（48．8％，21／43）（P＜0．01）。因此，P53蛋白及EGFR共同阳性提示肺癌具有高度转移潜能，预后可能较差。     

大肠癌组织中FAK蛋白的表达及其意义

目的：探讨粘着斑激酶（focaladhesin kinase，FAK）的表达与大肠癌生物学行为的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学方法检测30例癌旁5cm组织、癌组织中FAK蛋白的表达情况。结果：FAK在大肠癌组织中的表达明显高于正常大肠组织（P〈0．05）；在淋巴结转移组的阳性率显著高于淋巴结未转移组（92．9％ vs 50％，P〈0．05）；Dukes分期中的B期组、C期组及D期组的阳性率分别高于A期组，差异具有显著性（77．8％、85．7％、87．5％ vs 16．7％，P〈0．05）。结论：FAK高表达的大肠癌组织具有更强的浸润及淋巴结转移能力。     

乳腺癌中p16,Cyclin D1基因蛋白的表达及意义

目的：探讨细胞周期调控因子p16及Cyclin D1蛋白的表达与乳腺癌发生发展的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学染色检测49例乳腺癌及14例癌旁组织中p16及CyclinD1蛋白表达。结果：Cyclin D1在乳腺癌中有较高表达，过表达率为49％（24／49），明显高于癌旁正常组织（P＜0．05）；p16在乳腺癌中过表达率（40．8％）低于癌旁正常组织（阳性率为92．8％，P＜0．05）；淋巴结转移组的p16蛋白表达明显低于淋巴结无转移组（P＜0．05）；p16的低表达与CyclinD1的高表达有关。结论：Cyclin D1过表达及p16蛋白的失表达参与乳腺癌的发生；p16蛋白的表达异常可能参与乳腺癌的转移。     

β-连环蛋白在原发性肝细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：研究β－连环蛋白在原发性肝细胞癌中的表达及其与原发性肝细胞癌分化、侵袭转移和预后的关系。方法：应用免疫应运地63例原发性肝细胞癌石蜡包埋标本进行β－连环蛋白半定量检测。结果：有49例（78％）原发性肝细胞癌β－连环蛋白阳性表达，低分化癌的β－连环蛋白阳性率明显高于高分化癌（P＜0．05）。β－连环蛋白阳性表达率在AFP高表达肝癌组高于AFP低表达组（P＜0．05）。β－连环蛋白阳性表达率在有淋巴结转移肝癌组织高于无淋巴结转移组（P＜0．05）。β＝连环蛋白阳性表达患者2a生存率（11％）显著低于阴性表达者（32％，P＜0．05）。结论：β－连环蛋白表达与肝癌组织的分化程度、有无淋巴结转移、患者的AFP水平呈正相关，β－连环蛋白表达与患者预后相关，可以作为判断原发性肝细胞癌预后的生物学指标。     

鼻咽癌组织中脆性组氨酸三联体基因的表达及意义

目的探讨鼻咽癌组织中脆性组氨酸三联体（fragile histidine triad，FHIT）基因的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学SP（Streptavidin peroxidase）法，检测FHIT在37例鼻咽癌组织及12例癌旁组织中的表达。结果鼻咽癌组FHIT蛋白阳性表达率43．2％（16／37）显著低于癌旁组100％（12／12）（均P〈0．01）；高中分化组与低分化组之间FHIT蛋白阳性表达率（50．0％ vs 36．4％）差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；淋巴结转移组FHIT蛋白阳性率为38．5％（10／26），无淋巴结转移组为54．5％（6／11），差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；根据临床病理分期，Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期组与Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期组之间FHIT蛋白阳性表达率（58．3％vs 36．0％）差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。另外。FHIT蛋白阳性表达与患者年龄、性别、病理类型无关（P〉0．05）。结论FHIT基因在鼻咽癌的发生、发展中起重要作用。对其蛋白的检测可能是判定鼻咽癌发生及转移能力的一项客观指标。     

MMP-2、MMP-9在鼻咽癌组织中表达的免疫组化研究

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶2、9（MMP-2、MMP-9）在鼻咽癌组织中的表达及其意义。方法应用免疫组化S-P法检测MMP-2、MMP-9在正常对照组（7例）和鼻咽癌（45例）组织中的表达，45例鼻咽癌患者中发生颈部淋巴结转移有24例，其中I～Ⅱ期21例，Ⅲ～Ⅳ期24例。结果鼻咽癌组织中MMP-2和MMP-9的阳性率明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05），其中淋巴结转移组阳性率比无淋巴结转移组表达明显增高（P〈0．05）。在鼻咽癌标本中还发现癌巢周边的成纤维细胞、癌周浸润的单核细胞、淋巴细胞以及血管内皮细胞中也有MMP-2和MMP-9的表达。结论MMP-2、MMP-9可能在鼻咽癌发生发展和突破基底膜向外扩散及淋巴结转移中起到重要作用。     

原发性胰腺癌中p16基因突变及其蛋白表达的研究

目的：探讨p16基因与胰腺癌发生的关系。方法：采用PCR基础缺失分析，PCR－SSCP及免疫组织化学方法检测28例胰腺癌组织，相应癌旁组织和4例正常胰腺组织中p16基因缺失，突变及其蛋白表达状况，并结合临床病理资料进行分析，结果：28例原发性胰腺癌组织中4例发生p16基因纯合缺失。5例发生p16基因突变，p16基因变异频率为32．1％，28例癌旁组织和4例正常胰腺组织中未发现纯合缺失及突变。p16基因变异频率与淋巴结转移（P＜0．025），转移淋巴结个数（P＜0．01）及临床分期（P＜0．05）密切相关。28例原发性胰腺癌的癌组织，癌旁组织和4例正常胰腺组织p16蛋白阳性表达率分别为57．1％（16／28），85．7％（24．28）和100％（4／4），癌组织中p16蛋白阳性表达率与组织学分化（P＜0．05），淋巴结转移（P＜0．05），转移淋巴结个数（P＜0．05）及临床病理分期（P＜0．05）密切相关。结论：p16基因变异及其蛋白失表达可能是胰腺癌发生发展过程中重要因素之一，而且二者均可作为评估胰腺癌恶性程度及其侵袭能力的有用指标，存在p16基因变异及蛋白失表达的原发性胰腺癌具有更强的恶性潜能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.