不同品牌光固化树脂材料颜色稳定性评价

目的探讨紫外线对几种树脂基材料老化颜色的影响。方法制作树脂试件5枚/组(A组,Biscem;B组,PermaCem;C组,Choice;D组,Elite Flo;E组,Clearfil AP-X;F组,Dyract extra;G组,Durafill VS;H组,Filtek Z350Universal)。在黑暗环境保持24h后用色度计测量颜色值CIE L*、a*、b*,随后各组试件分别在紫外线照射老化8h、16h、24h再次测量,对结果进行统计分析。结果照射后试件均显示了一定程度的颜色值变化,树脂水门汀色差值变化范围从8h内的2.31~2.60到24h时的3.27~7.19,树脂充填材料色差值变化范围从8h内的1.35~2.66到24h时的3.36~14.31。其中,PermaCem、Durafill VS、FiltekZ350Universal24h后出现较大的色差值,其余组间无明显差异。结论紫外线老化能够引起树脂基材料发生颜色改变,除PermaCem、Durafill VS、Filtek Z350Universal同类产品不同品牌的颜色稳定性24h后无明显差异。     

纳米树脂颜色及透光率的老化因素分析

目的:利用紫外线加速三种纳米树脂材料老化,探讨老化后颜色及透光率的变化.方法:分别采用3M Z350A2、A3色;Shofu BeautifulⅡA2、A3色;Clearfil Majesty A2、A3色纳米树脂各制作3个盘状试件.利用分光光度仪测量初始CIEL*、a*、b*值及透光率t值,然后将各组树脂试件放置于紫外线下照射刺激老化8、16、24h后,测量每个照射时间后的颜色及透光率的数值.结果:各组树脂试件经紫外线老化刺激后均产生了颜色的变化.照射24h色差值达到最大值,3M组色差值最大,Clearfil组色差值最小、在色差值△E＜3以内的临床可以接受范围.各组透光率值变化较小.结论:紫外线老化刺激能够引起纳米树脂颜色改变,但透光率值变化不大.     

10种复合树脂颜色稳定性与吸水溶解性研究

目的 评价10种光固化复合树脂在不同溶液中的颜色稳定性及吸水溶解性能。方法 10种光固化复合树脂分别为：BeautifilⅡ(B2)、Ceram. X One Universal (CXU)、Charisma (CS)、Charisma Diamond (CD)、Denfil (DF)、DX. Universal (DXU)、Filtek Z250 (Z250)、Filtek Z350 XT (Z350)、FS-1 (FS)、Magnafill Putty(MP)。每种树脂材料各制作20个试件,随机分为4组(n=5),分别浸入蒸馏水(对照组)、咖喱、咖啡和红酒28 d,分光光度计测量试件浸入前及浸入后1、7、14、21和28 d的色度值(CIE L^*a^*b^*),计算染色前后色差值。根据ISO 4049:2019标准,每种材料制作3个试件,测量材料的吸水性和溶解性。采用三因素方差分析评估树脂材料、染液、染色时间对染色前后色差值(ΔE)的影响,采用单因素方差分析比较不同材料的吸水值和溶解值变化。结果 随着染色时间增加,所有试...     

紫外线照射老化对渗透树脂处理釉质白垩斑颜色稳定性的影响

目的评价紫外线照射老化对渗透树脂颜色稳定性的影响。方法选取前磨牙60颗,置于人工脱矿液中3d形成早期人工釉质龋,再随机分成3组,分别为对照组、渗透树脂处理组、涂氟处理组,将3组试件置于紫外线下照射老化,分别用色度计测量人工脱矿前、紫外线照射前、紫外线照射8、16、24 h的色度值CIE L*、a*、b*,分析色度值的变化。结果样本处理后,渗透树脂处理组与正常釉质的色差值ΔE*小于3.3,在紫外线照射老化后的8 h颜色发生了变化,16 h后颜色趋于稳定,颜色一直为肉眼无法分辨的色差范围内;对照组及涂氟处理组与正常釉质的色差值ΔE*均大于3.3,涂氟组相对于对照组来说,ΔE*减小,差异有统计学意义,在紫外线照射老化后,两组样本颜色无明显改变。结论渗透树脂能明显改善釉质白垩斑的美观,渗透治疗后的牙齿颜色短期稳定性满意。     

紫外线照射老化树脂黏固剂对色度值及相对透明率的影响

目的探讨紫外线照射老化对4种树脂黏固剂颜色及相对透明率参数的影响。方法分别采用Biscem（双固化型）、Choice（光固化型）、PermaCem（化学固化型）和RelyX Aplicap（化学固化型）树脂黏固剂制取树脂试件,每种黏固剂制取5个试件,分别设为A、B、C、D组,按厂家推荐的方法光照或自然固化。在黑暗环境保持24 h后用色度计测量色度值CIE L*、a*、b*,并计算其相对透明率。然后将各组试件分别经紫外线照射老化8、16、24 h后再次测量,分析色度值和相对透明率的变化。结果4组树脂黏固剂试件在紫外线照射后均发生了颜色变化,照射时间越长色差值越大。照射时间相同时,4组试件的色差值不同,B组与D组的色差值较小,C组最大。A、B与D组的相对透明率受紫外线老化的影响较小,C组在紫外线照射后相对透明率发生改变。结论紫外线照射老化能够引起树脂黏固剂发生颜色改变,但是多数产品的相对透明率能够保持相对稳定。     

人工老化对全瓷贴面树脂粘结剂颜色稳定性的影响

目的研究人工老化对全瓷贴面树脂粘结剂颜色的影响。方法用VITABLOCS MARK-Ⅱ制作厚度为1 mm的试件40个,随机分为4组(n=10)。分别采用Superbond C&B化学固化粘结剂、VariolinkⅡ双重固化粘结剂、RelyX Veneer光固化粘结剂和Filtek Z350 Flow流动复合树脂进行粘结,4种粘结剂颜色均为A3。在黑暗环境下保持24 h后用色度计测量色度值。再将各组试件置于紫外光老化实验箱中进行老化后再次测量其色度值,比较4种树脂粘结剂的颜色稳定性。选定ΔE<3为临床可接受范围。结果 Superbond C&B、VariolinkⅡ、RelyX Veneer和Filtek Z350 Flow粘结剂的ΔE分别为2.32±0.21,2.50±0.29,0.68±0.24和0.79±0.20。其中Superbond C&B和VariolinkⅡ的ΔE高于其他组(P<0.05)。Superbond C&B和VariolinkⅡ之间,RelyX Veneer和Filtek Z350 Flow之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 4种树脂粘结剂在人工老化后均出现不同程度的颜色变化,但这种颜色改变程度在临床美学要求范围内。RelyX Veneer和Filtek Z350 Flow树脂具有较好的颜色稳定性。     

夹层技术不同充填材料和咬合角度对非龋性颈部缺损牙体应力分布的影响

目的:使用三维有限元法分析运用夹层技术时不同充填材料和咬合角度对患非龋性颈部缺损的下颌第一前磨牙及充填体应力分布的影响。方法:建立下颌第一前磨牙非龋性颈部缺损三维有限元模型作为对照组,4组材料修复模型作为实验组：A组：3M Filtek Z350XT树脂-玻璃离子水门汀,B组：3M Filtek Z350XT树脂-Cention N,C组：3M Filtek Z350XT Flowable流动树脂-玻璃离子水门汀,D组：3M Filtek Z350XT Flowable流动树脂-Cention N。给予所有模型位于颊尖顶的垂直向载荷(0°)和位于颊尖偏颊侧的侧向载荷(30°、45°、60°)各100 N,用ANSYS 17.0进行应力分布分析。结果:(1)对照组侧向加载时剩余牙体组织Von Mises应力峰值(MPa)比垂直向时分别增加49.3%、222.4%、376%.与对照组相比较,A、B、C、D各组充填完成后均能大幅度地降低牙体组织应力,但组间差异不大。(2)随着载荷角度的增大,内层材料应力峰值(Mpa)由大到小依次为D组>B组>C组>A组。(3)随着载荷角度的...     

多酚对纳米树脂颜色及透光率的影响

目的：探讨多酚对3种纳米树脂颜色及透光率的影响的相关研究。方法：采用3种6色纳米树脂（3M Z350 A2、A3；Shofu BeautifulⅡA2、A3；Clearfil Majesty A2、A3）各制作4个试件。利用爱色丽color i7台式分光光度仪测量初始CIE L*、a*、b*值及透光率T值，接着试件随机浸泡在多酚食物（咖啡、红酒、绿茶、人工唾液）中，测量每周的颜色及透光率的变化值进行统计分析。结果：4周中试件均发生了不同程度的颜色及透光率变化，色差值变化范围：0.26~26.63，红酒色差值最大、人工唾液色差值最小；3M颜色稳定性最好、可乐丽菲露颜色稳定性最差。透光率值整体降低，A3色变化值小于A2色。结论：食物中的多酚类物质使树脂材料颜色及透光率发生改变，树脂修复仍然存在不足，临床选择应该权衡利弊。     

全瓷贴面树脂粘接老化后颜色及不透光度变化

目的：评价全瓷贴面用不同类型树脂粘接并加速老化后的颜色稳定性和不透光度变化。方法：用IPS e．max PressA1色瓷块制作厚0．4 mm、直径10 mm的瓷片28片,随机分为4组（n＝7）,分别用BEAUTIFIL Flow、DEO-Link SE、Panavia F、Vi-riolink N粘接,LED光固化灯照40 s。将0．5 mm厚瓷贴面树脂复合体放入环境模拟器中加速老化,数字比色仪测量老化前后的颜色值,用CIE L*a*b*颜色系统计算颜色值变化量ΔE和不透光度变化值ΔO,用ANOVA,LSD（L）进行统计学分析。结果：所有材料均有明显的颜色值和不透光度变化。ΔE范围0．6～2．29,其中BEAUTIFIL Flow颜色变化最小,DEO-Link变化较大。ΔO为0．46～2．55。Panavia F不透光度增加最多（P＜0．05）。结论：加速老化可导致所有测试材料颜色变化,但变化量在临床可接受范围之内（ΔE＜3）。     

Bis-GMA树脂基材料40 s光照条件的聚合度分析

目的探讨两类光固化树脂基材料在40 s光照下的聚合情况。方法采用傅立叶转换红外光谱分析法(FTIR)探讨两种光固化复合树脂Filtek Z100、Filtek Z350及一种光固化树脂水门汀Relyx Veneer、一种双固化树脂水门汀Nexus 3 (NX3)光照40 s并放置24 h及两周后聚合度的变化。结果红外光谱结果发现40 s光照后两类树脂基材料双键转化度仅达到50%左右,随着放置时间增加树脂聚合度会有所提高;放置相同时间时,复合树脂中Z350聚合度高于Z100,树脂水门汀中光固化材料Relyx Veneer聚合度高于双固化树脂水门汀NX3。结论 40 s光照时间不足以使树脂基材料达到完全聚合的效果。     

The color differences of direct esthetic restorative materials after setting and compared with a shade guide

BackgroundThe authors conducted a study to evaluate esthetic restorative materials’ color differences after setting and color matching between set materials and a shade guide.Materials and MethodsThe authors evaluated 13 resin-based composites, one silorane-based composite, two polyacid-modified resin composites and one conventional glass ionomer cement. They measured the color parameters of the samples, which were 8 millimeters in diameter and 1.5 mm in thickness, before and after they were set according to the Commission International de l’Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* color scale relative to standard illumination against a white background by means of a dental colorimeter. They also compared the final colors of the restorative materials with a shade guide.ResultsColor difference values for each restorative material ranged from 3.25 to 14.04. With the exception of Fuji IX (GC, Tokyo), Filtek P60 (3M ESPE) and Te-Econom (Ivoclar Vivadent), the restorative materials exhibited a perceptible color change after setting. Color difference values between the set materials and the shade guide tabs ranged from 1.86 to 11.83. With the exception of Filtek Supreme XT (3M ESPE) and Fuji IX, the materials exhibited a perceptible difference.ConclusionMost of the materials tested exhibited a significant color change after polymerization and did not match the shade guide tab after undergoing light curing.     

The effect of commonly used types of coffee on surface microhardness and color stability of resin-based composite restorations

Objective

This study assessed the influence of commonly used types of coffee, in Saudi Arabia, on surface microhardness and color stability of microhybrid resin-based composite (Filtek Z250), nanofilled resin-based composite (Filtek Supreme) and organic modified ceramic composite (Ormocer).

Materials and methods

A total of 75 disk-shaped specimens were fabricated (25 discs from each type of material). After initial color and microhardness recording, samples were randomly divided into five groups (n = 5). Four groups of specimens from each material were immersed in 1 of 4 types of coffee (American, Arabic, Turkish and Espresso coffee) and the fifth group was stored in saline to serve as control. The specimens were immersed in the different types of coffee for 3 weeks. At the end of the test period, surface microhardness and color were measured again.

Results

It was observed that there is no significant difference in microhardness of the three tested materials after immersion in the different types of coffee. However, all resin-based materials showed significant color change when compared to control (saline). Filtek Z250 showed the least color change among the three materials followed by Ormocer. On the other hand, Filtek Supreme was the most common material prone to discoloration. Espresso coffee caused the most change in color followed by Turkish then American coffee. Nevertheless, Arabic coffee caused the least color change of the three materials.

Conclusions

Color stability of resin-based materials is affected by their different material composition.     

5种复合树脂不同水浴时间的压缩强度体外实验评价

目的　评价5种市场常用的复合树脂固化后经不同水浴时间压缩强度的变化。方法　将5种复合树脂（Nulite F,Filtek Z250,Filtek P60,Beautifil II,Charisma）分别制作24个圆柱体试件并固化,每种复合树脂再分为4组,每组6个样本,其中1组浸泡于37 ℃蒸馏水浴1 h,另外3组分别接受蒸馏水浴1 d、7 d和30 d,测试各组的压缩强度值。测试结果以One-way ANOVA和LSD法统计学检验。结果　水浴1 d后,各品牌复合树脂的压缩强度值均有明显提高。树脂试件经1 h水浴时,Filtek Z250的平均压缩强度最高,Beautifil II其次;1 d和7 d水浴后,Filtek P60 和Filtek Z250的压缩强度最高,Beautifil II居中;30 d水浴后,Filtek Z250的压缩强度最高。结论　Filtek P60和Filtek Z250具有较好的抗压性能,复合树脂充填修复一段时间后压缩强度值才能达到最大。     

Micro-sized erosions in a nanofilled composite after repeated acidic beverage exposures: consequences of clusters dislodgments

Objective

To evaluate the hardness (KHN), color stability (DE), and superficial micromorphology of two categories of composites after immersion in either distilled water or grape juice for up to 45 days.

Material and Methods

Cylindrical specimens (6 mm diameter x 2 mm thick) were obtained according to the factors: composite [Opallis (FGM) and Filtek Z350XT (3M ESPE)]; immersion solution (distilled water and grape juice); and evaluation time: 24 h and 7, 14, 21, 28, and 45 days. After photoactivation, the specimens were stored at 37ºC for 24 h. KHN (50 g/15 s) and ΔE were then repeatedly assessed according to the immersion solutions. Data were analyzed (three-way ANOVA/Tukey''s test). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) topographic analysis was also performed.

Results

In general, KHN of both composites reduced after 24 h, irrespective of the immersion solution and time. A significantly lower KHN was noted for Opallis compared with Filtek Z350XT in all parameters. An increase in ΔE over time was noted for both composites, irrespective of the immersion solution. Significantly higher ΔE was noted for Filtek Z350XT immersed in grape juice compared with Opallis, regardless of the evaluation time. The grape juice caused significantly higher DE compared with water in all periods. SEM analysis showed eroded areas for Filtek Z350XT but not for Opallis.

Conclusions

The compositions and immersion solutions influence the composite hardness and the color stability. In spite of the higher hardness, the nanofilled composite is more susceptible to color change than the microhybrid when immersed in an acidic dyed solution.     

8种复合树脂磨耗性能和硬度的研究

目的体外测定8种复合树脂的体积磨损量和硬度,评价其耐磨耗性能。方法选择Durafill VS、Filtek A110、Charisma、Ceram-X、Filtek Z350、FS-2、Filtek P60和Tetric Ceram HB 8种复合树脂,分别制备8mm×6mm×2mm的树脂片,并用自凝树脂包埋,测定表面硬度（维氏）。将试样固定在往复滑动球-片式磨耗试验机上,以萤石粉糊剂作为磨耗介质,磨耗3万次后用三维形貌扫描仪测定复合树脂表面磨痕的体积,统计学分析复合树脂的硬度与其体积磨损量的相关性及各个复合树脂体积间磨损量的差异,SEM观察分析磨损面。结果 8种复合树脂的硬度顺序为：P60≈Z350〉A110≈Tetric HB〉FS-2≈Ceram-X〉Charisma〉Durafill。Z350的磨损量最小（0.68±0.05）mm3,其次是P60（1.11±0.06）mm3,随后是Charisma（1.50±0.17）mm3、Durafill（1.64±0.49）mm3、FS-2（1.75±0.32）mm3及A110（1.84±0.37）mm3,Ceram-X（2.09±0.36）mm3和Tetric HB（2.56±0.48）mm3的磨损量较大。所测复合树脂的硬度与其体积磨损量之间无相关性（r=-0.55）。结论复合树脂的耐磨耗性能与其硬度无关,而与不同材料品牌关系密切。     

Color and opacity variations in three different resin-based composite products after water aging.

OBJECTIVES: Correct shade selection and clinical procedures may be invalidated as a result of intrinsic color shifting with time. The aim of this study was to test the influence of exposure to water on the color stability of three structurally different resin-based composites. METHODS: Six comparable Vita shades of three different resin-based composite systems were selected. For each product at each shade, three disks were made, 1 mm in thickness and 15 mm in diameter. The samples were studied with a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere. For color determinations, a 50% gray card was used as background, and the data were recorded in the CIE L*a*b* system. Opacity was calculated as the ratio of the reflectance of a specimen disk when backed by a black standard that when backed by a white standard. After the initial measurements, the samples were stored for 30 days in a 60 degrees C water bath and then measured again under the same conditions. The color shifts were calculated using the formula: delta E = [(L1 - L2)2 + (a1 - a2)2 + (b1 - b2)2]1/2. RESULTS: If the standard of delta E < 3.3 as clinically acceptable was taken into consideration, one of the three materials involved in the study showed an unacceptable color shift for all shades. Only one of the three materials remained completely within an acceptable shade shift (delta E < 3.3) after aging. The difference in the color stability between products was significant (p < 0.001). The differences may be due to the different nature of the matrix and could also be correlated with filler particles dimensions. With reference to opacity; the results showed a similar pattern as that of the color and the statistical analysis also correlated. SIGNIFICANCE: From this work, it can be concluded that for some products, aging of composites in water leads to color instability and opacity variation.     

3种抛光方法对2种复合树脂边缘微渗漏的影响

目的评价3种抛光方法对2种复合树脂边缘微渗漏的影响。方法选择80颗离体恒前磨牙,在每颗牙的颊侧颈部釉-牙骨质交界处用高速涡轮机制备盒形单面洞,长和宽均为3 mm,洞深2 mm。使用3M Z350树脂和3M Z250树脂各充填40颗牙。按照充填材料不同,随机分为不抛光组、Sof-lex discs抛光系统组、Super-snap抛光系统组和金刚砂抛光车针修形后再用橡皮杯抛光组。实验样本冷热循环后,在2%亚甲基蓝溶液中浸泡 24 h,沿牙体长轴将充填体正中颊舌向纵行剖开,立体显微镜（×40）下观察剖面,采用Spot 4.6图像分析软件测量渗漏深度。采用 SPSS 17.0 软件包对各组的微渗漏程度和深度分别进行Mann-Whitney U 检验和Kroskal-Walis秩和检验。结果3M Z350各组的边缘微渗漏深度分别为（0.655±0.486）、（0.626±0.497）、（0.634±0.345）和（0.875±0.283） mm。3M Z250各组的边缘微渗漏深度分别为（0.785±0.553） mm、（0.763±0.491） mm、（0.789±0.308）mm和（0.942±0.318） mm。2种树脂充填后,3种抛光方法树脂边缘微渗漏程度和深度均有显著差异（P<0.05）。结论Sof-lex discs抛光系统、Super-snap抛光系统对复合树脂修复体边缘渗漏无显著影响。