CT在腮腺肿块性病变的诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨CT对腮腺肿块性病变的诊断与鉴别诊断价值,提高术前定性诊断准确性。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的52例原发性腮腺肿块性病变,所有病例均行平扫,其中39例行CT增强扫描,将CT诊断结果与病理结果进行对照研究。结果:35例良性肿瘤CT表现为圆形或类圆形边界清楚肿块22例,浅分叶13例,多形性腺瘤病灶内密度较均匀,腺淋巴瘤(6/9)易出现囊性变;14例恶性肿瘤CT表现为分叶状或不规则肿块影,边界毛糙模糊,其内密度欠均匀,发生坏死囊变(7/14),与邻近咬肌及胸锁乳突肌分界欠清楚(8/14);3例嗜酸性淋巴肉芽肿CT表现为单侧或双侧腮腺浅叶弥漫性增大,并颌下和颈部淋巴结大。CT均能对52例腮腺肿瘤准确定位,多数病变CT能准确定性,但对低度恶性肿瘤与良性肿瘤,囊变淋巴瘤与淋巴上皮癌,深叶嗜酸性腺瘤与恶性肿瘤难以鉴别。结论:肿块的形态、边缘、内部低密度灶分布以及与邻近咬肌及胸锁乳突肌分界情况是腮腺良恶性肿瘤的重要鉴别点,CT对大多数腮腺良、恶性肿瘤能做出正确诊断。     

腮腺肿瘤的CT及MRI诊断及鉴别诊断

目的：探讨腮腺肿瘤的CT及MRI表现,旨在提高对腮腺肿瘤的诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的90例腮腺肿瘤的CT及MRI的表现。结果：90例腮腺肿瘤中,良性肿瘤74例（82.2%）,恶性肿瘤16例（17.8%）。在CT/MRI上,良性肿瘤大部分表现为位于腮腺浅叶的圆形、椭圆形软组织肿块,边缘光整,密度/信号均匀;而恶性肿瘤,大部分位于腮腺深叶或跨叶,表现为不规则形软组织肿块,边缘不清,密度/信号不均匀,侵犯周围组织并伴淋巴结转移。结论：CT和MRI检查均能对腮腺肿瘤进行有效定位,并对诊断及鉴别诊断具有一定价值。     

CT、MRI在诊断腮腺肿瘤中的应用价值

目的：探讨CT、MRI在评价腮腺肿瘤的定位、良恶性鉴别诊断的应用价值。资料与方法：回顾性分析经术后病理证实的10例腮腺原发性肿瘤的CT、MRI表现，其中良性肿瘤6例，恶性肿瘤4例。结果：10例均表现为腮腺内或腮腺区肿块，良性肿瘤形惠规则，密度（信号）较均匀，边界清楚；恶性肿瘤形态不规则，密度（信号）欠均匀，边界模糊不清：结论：CT、MRI扫描对腮腺肿瘤定位敏感，对其良恶性病变的定性诊断有重要价值.     

腮腺病变的CT诊断

目的探讨腮腺良、恶性病变的CT特点。方法回顾性分析52例经手术病理及临床证实的腮腺病变的CT表现,其中良性肿瘤29例,恶性肿瘤13例,结核4例,慢性腮腺炎6例。结果52例中,48例表现为腮腺内或腮腺区肿块,良性肿瘤形态规则,边界清楚,占82.8%(24/29);恶性肿瘤形态不规则,边界模糊不清,占76.9%(10/13);腮腺结核表现为密度不均、边界较模糊的结节或肿物,并有结节样钙化和腮腺周围淋巴结肿大,病灶及肿大淋巴结均呈环形强化;4例弥漫性炎症表现为一侧或双侧腮腺弥漫性肿大,密度增高;2例为局限炎症,呈形态不规则肿块状,边界不清。结论CT扫描对腮腺病变定位敏感性为100%,对各类腮腺病变的定性诊断有重要价值,增强扫描可提高其定性诊断率。     

腮腺黏液表皮样癌的CT和MRI表现

目的:探讨腮腺黏液表皮样癌(MEC)的CT和MRI表现,提高其诊断准确率.方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的9例腮腺MEC的CT和MRI资料,分析腮腺肿块大小、形态、边界、密度、信号、强化模式、周围结构侵犯及颈部淋巴结情况.结果:9例病灶均为单发,5例累及腮腺浅深两叶,1例位于腮腺深叶,3例位于腮腺浅叶.3例行CT检查,...     

腮腺少见肿瘤的影像学特点分析

目的探讨腮腺少见肿瘤的影像学特点。方法回顾性分析13例经手术病理证实腮腺少见肿瘤(淋巴上皮癌4例,肌上皮瘤3例,淋巴瘤及转移瘤各2例,恶性黑色素瘤及肌上皮癌各1例)的CT、MRI影像学表现。结果均为腮腺单侧发病,其中左侧9例,右侧6例。淋巴上皮癌位于腮腺浅叶,可累及深叶,以单发为主(3/4);沿腮腺浅叶铸形生长(3/4)可能具有一定特点;密度和信号均匀,增强轻、中度均匀强化。肌上皮瘤均为单发,位于腮腺浅叶,呈椭圆形,边缘清晰锐利,密度和信号均匀或不均匀,显著强化(2/3)可能具有提示作用。淋巴瘤具有一定特点,常表现为多发类圆形肿块(2/2),边缘光整,密度均匀,增强后中度强化,常伴颈部淋巴结肿大。恶性黑色素瘤MRI具有一定特点:T1WI呈多发结节状高信号,T2WI呈低信号;CT及MRI增强不具特点。肌上皮癌与腮腺常见恶性肿瘤相仿。转移瘤表现与原发肿瘤密切相关。结论腮腺上述少见肿瘤部分具有一定影像学特点,有助于鉴别诊断,确诊仍依靠组织病理学和免疫组化。     

腮腺肿瘤的CT诊断价值

目的:探讨腮腺肿瘤的CT诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的腮腺肿瘤20例,其中良性肿瘤12例,恶性肿瘤8例。结果:12例良性肿瘤中,形态规则、边界清晰者11例,边界不清者1例;其中8例行增强扫描,均表现为轻至中度强化,其中密度均匀者5例,密度不均者3例。8例恶性肿瘤中,形态不规则、边界不清并伴邻近组织器官受侵者7例,边界清楚、形态规则者1例;其中6例行增强扫描,均见不同程度强化,肿瘤密度均匀者1例,密度不均者5例,其中2例中心可见大片低密度坏死;8例恶性肿瘤中,4例合并颈部淋巴结肿大,3例面神经受累。结论:CT扫描对腮腺肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

腮腺上皮源性恶性肿瘤的CT影像分析

目的探讨CT诊断腮腺上皮源性恶性肿瘤的价值。方法收集本院经病理证实的23例腮腺上皮源性恶性肿瘤,对其位置、大小、形态、边界、密度、病变与周围组织的关系、增强扫描特征及颈部淋巴结转移情况进行回顾性CT影像分析,并探讨这些征象在诊断中的价值。结果肿瘤位于浅叶7例,深叶3例,同时累及深浅叶13例。全组病例瘤体平均最大径6.7cm,14例形态不规则或呈分叶状,18例瘤内见液化囊变区,1例瘤内见钙化灶,20例边界不清、边缘毛刺或侵犯周围组织,增强扫描15例明显强化;另有10例伴颈部淋巴结转移。CT对19例做出恶性肿瘤的诊断,并对其中4例做出正确的组织学诊断。结论 CT能准确定位腮腺上皮源性恶性肿瘤,明确肿瘤的影像学特征、侵犯范围及淋巴结转移情况,在肿瘤的定性诊断中具有重要价值。     

常规MRI联合DWI在腮腺常见肿瘤中的诊断价值

目的:探讨常规MRI联合DWI对腮腺常见肿瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的62例腮腺肿瘤的MRI图像,根据其DWI图行ADC图重建,测量肿瘤的ADC值。按发病率将62例病例分成3组:多形性腺瘤、腺淋巴瘤、恶性肿瘤。多形性腺瘤31例,全部单发;腺淋巴瘤19例,9例单发,10例多发,共30个病灶;恶性肿瘤12例,3例淋巴瘤多发,其余均为单发,共18个病灶。比较分析3种肿瘤的ADC值。结果:多形性腺瘤和腺淋巴瘤多发生于腮腺浅叶(43个,70.5%),肿瘤边界多清楚,体积一般较恶性肿瘤小;恶性肿瘤位于深叶者8个(44.4%),边界清楚或不清楚,多伴有颈部淋巴结肿大(10例,83.3%)。多形性腺瘤及恶性肿瘤平均ADC值均高于腺淋巴瘤(P=0.000、0.002),且多形性腺瘤平均ADC值高于恶性肿瘤(P=0.001)。结论:腮腺肿瘤的常规MRI征象具有一定特点,联合DWI能为腮腺常见肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断提供更多依据。     

涎腺肿瘤的CT及MRI诊断

目的 探讨涎腺肿瘤的CT及MRI表现特点.方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的78例涎腺肿瘤的CT及MRI影像学特征,包括病变部位、大小、形态、边界、密度或信号、与下颌后静脉或软硬腭的关系.结果 涎腺良性肿瘤51例,恶性肿瘤27例.其中腮腺肿瘤58例(良性40例,恶性18例);小涎腺肿瘤16例(良性11例,恶性5例);2例颌下腺恶性肿瘤及2例舌下腺恶性肿瘤.40例腮腺良性肿瘤中29例(72.5%)位于浅叶,小涎腺良性肿瘤全部位于硬腭.良性肿瘤形态规则,边界清晰,CT平扫密度均匀或MR平扫信号均匀,强化明显,腮腺良性肿瘤与下颌后静脉有间隔,小涎腺良性肿瘤硬腭有受压缺损.18例腮腺恶性肿瘤中12例(66.7%)位于深叶,形态不规则,边界不清晰,CT平扫密度不均匀或MR平扫信号不均匀,不均匀强化,常包绕下颌后静脉,小涎腺恶性肿瘤破坏软硬腭.结论 CT及MRI对涎腺肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值.     

Acinic cell carcinoma of the head and neck: radiologic-pathologic correlation

OBJECTIVE: To describe and correlate the imaging and pathologic findings of acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) in the head and neck. METHODS: We reviewed the radiologic findings of 12 patients with pathologically proven ACC in the head and neck. They were 6 males and 6 females (ages: 5-75 years, mean 36 years) who undergoing computed tomography (CT, n=9) and CT with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (n=3). RESULTS: The lesions in the superficial lobe of the parotid gland were solid (n=7), cystic (n=1), and cystic mass with mural nodule (n=1) on CT. A parapharyngeal lesion was cystic mass with mural nodule, and a submandibular and a palate tumor were cystic lesions on CT. All solid masses in the parotid gland (n=7) included focal low-attenuating portions on CT, which were microcyst, hemorrhage, or necrosis on pathologic examination. We could not find intratumoral calcifications or metastatic lymphadenopathy on imaging and histologic studies in all 12 cases. Internal hemorrhage on the MR images was seen in a parapharyngeal and a parotid lesion. CONCLUSION: Although ACC appears to have nonspecific imaging findings, familiarity with some imaging features can be helpful for differential diagnosis of head and neck tumors.     

腮腺原发恶性肿瘤的CT表现

目的：分析腮腺各类型原发恶性肿瘤的CT表现，了解其影像学特点，资料与方法。分析经手术及病理证实的腮腺原发恶性肿瘤19例，包括粘液表皮样癌8例，腺泡细胞癌及腺癌各3例，鳞状细胞癌及恶性混合瘤各2例，腺样囊性癌1例。结果：临床有面神经受累症状者7例，其中6例肿瘤侵及深，浅二叶。19例中，5例肿物呈圆形或椭圆形，14例呈不规则形；6例边缘清楚，13例边缘不清楚并伴有不同程度的周围结构受侵。17例行增强扫描，肿瘤均有不同程度的强化，其中10例明显强化。肿瘤密度均匀2例，不均匀15例，内部有不同形态的低密度区，其中4例中央有大片低密度坏死，9例合并有颈部淋巴结肿大。结论：面神经受累症状为腮腺恶性肿瘤的临床特点，如肿瘤侵及深，浅二叶时诊断更为可靠；肿物边缘不规则，边界不清楚，明显强化，内部密度不均匀以及颈部淋巴结肿大为腮腺原发恶性肿瘤的影像学特点。     

CT对腮腺病变的诊断价值

目的:评价CT对腮腺良恶性病变的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的47例腮腺病变的CT表现。良性36例,恶性11例。CT平扫46例,增强扫描38例。结果:良性肿瘤无侵袭性,边缘清楚,密度均匀或不均匀,有钙化、囊变、坏死;炎性肿块者,灶周可有磨玻璃影,呈晕征;恶性肿瘤具有不同程度的侵袭性,多呈分叶状,不规则或浸润性生长,边缘不清。CT对腮腺病变定位准确率100% ,而对良恶性定性诊断符合率分别为恶性组72.7% ,良性组80.6% 。结论:CT对腮腺病变定位、定性诊断,特别是区别良恶性病变方面具有较高的价值     

判别函数在腮腺肿瘤CT诊断中的价值

目的：分析腮腺肿瘤的CT表现特征,探讨判别函数在腮腺良恶性肿瘤诊断中的价值。方法：回顾性分析85例经病理证实的腮腺肿瘤病例资料。对良、恶性肿瘤组间的性别、部位、边界、平扫密度及颈部淋巴结肿大等指标行χ^2检验;对年龄、横断面最大径及CT增强幅值等指标行两独立样本t检验。根据肿瘤最大径、边界、CT增强幅值及颈部淋巴结肿大等指标建立判别函数。结果：良恶性肿瘤间患者年龄、平扫边界、横断面最大径、增强幅值及颈部淋巴结等指标的差异有统计学意义;而性别和肿瘤发生部位的差异无统计学意义。通过建立判别函数,对良、恶性肿瘤的判别符合率分别为93.8%和90.0%,整体的判别符合率为92.9%。结论：以肿瘤边界、横断面最大径、增强幅值及颈部淋巴结等四项指标建立判别函数对良、恶性腮腺肿瘤的鉴别能力强。     

Tuberculosis of the parotid gland: computed tomographic findings

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) of the parotid gland is rare, even in endemic regions. Approximately 100 cases have been reported in the English literature. The computed tomographic (CT) features, however, have seldom been studied.

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic CT features of tuberculosis of the parotid gland.

Material and Methods: CT studies of four histologically proven cases of tuberculosis of the parotid gland were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: A total of 15 enlarged lymph nodes were found in the superficial lobes of the parotid glands. The nodes were arranged linearly within the gland. Enhancement patterns included homogeneous enhancement (9/15, 60%), homogeneous enhancement with eccentric microcysts (3/15, 20%), and thick-walled rim enhancement with central lucency (3/15, 20%). Thickened adjacent fascial plane and platysma were seen in two patients. Ipsilateral cervical lymphadenopathy was seen in all patients.

Conclusion: In patients presenting with unilateral parotid nodules, TB should be considered when linearly arranged enhancing nodules are demonstrated in the superficial lobes of the glands on CT scan.     

Use of cross-sectional imaging in predicting surgical location of parotid neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of using the retromandibular vein as seen on cross-sectional imaging to help differentiate superficial lobe from deep lobe tumors. METHODS: Of the patients who had parotid neoplasms between January 1997 and July 2002, we were able to identify 44 patients with preoperative imaging studies that were available for evaluation. The films were reviewed by a single head and neck radiologist to determine whether the neoplasms involved the superficial, deep, or both lobes of the parotid gland (total). The lateral margin of the retromandibular vein was used as a marker for the facial nerve, since the nerve is not always visible on CT and MRI scans. The radiologist's findings were then compared with the findings during surgery. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of predicting the location of neoplasms were then calculated. RESULTS: For lesions in the superficial lobe, cross-sectional imaging was able to predict the location of the neoplasm with a sensitivity of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.70-0.98), specificity of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.63-0.96), PPV of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.67-0.97), and NPV of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.67-0.98). For lesions in both lobes (total), cross-sectional imaging was able to predict the location of the neoplasm with a sensitivity of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.68-0.99), specificity of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.71-0.97), PPV of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.58-0.96), and NPV of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.78-0.99). CONCLUSION: Use of the retromandibular vein as a marker for the facial nerve is a sensitive method for identifying the location of parotid gland neoplasms on cross-sectional imaging. This supports the accuracy of using preoperative imaging to detect the position of parotid neoplasms with respect to the facial nerve.