不同剂量右美托咪啶对下腹部手术患者七氟醚MACBAR的影响

目的 评价不同剂量右美托咪啶对七氟醚抑制50%下腹部手术患者切皮诱发应激反应的最低肺泡气有效浓度(MACBAR)的影响.方法 择期全麻下拟行下腹部手术患者60例,年龄25～55岁,体重45～75 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为对照组(D0组,n=15)和不同剂量右美托咪啶组(D1～3组,n=15).D0组不使用右美托咪啶,D1-3组经10 min静脉注射右美托咪啶0.1 μg/kg负荷剂量后,分别以0.4、0.8、1.2μg·kg-1·h-1的速率静脉输注30 min后进行麻醉诱导.D0-3组第1例患者呼气末七氟醚浓度分别为3.0%、2.5%、2.0%、1.5%,以切皮时患者MAP或HR较基础值上升＜15%为抑制交感肾上腺反应有效,若抑制交感肾上腺反应有效则下一例呼气末七氟醚浓度降低一级,若无效则升高一级,相邻浓度比为0.9.计算七氟醚MACBAR及其95%可信区间(95%CI).结果 D0～3组七氟醚MACBAR及其95%CI分别为:2.85%(2.44%～3.32%)、1.9l%(1.6l%～2.26%)、1.52%(1.3l%～1.77%)、1.34%(1.15%～1.57%).与D0组比较,D1-3组七氟醚MACBAR均降低(P＜0.05);与D1组比较,D2组和D3组七氟醚MACBAR降低(P＜0.05);D2组和D3组七氟醚MACBAR比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 右美托咪啶0.4、0.8和1.2μg·kg-1·h-1连续输注30 min可降低七氟醚MACBAR,增强七氟醚抑制应激反应的效应,且呈剂量依赖性.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane for blunting responses to skin incision ( MACBAR ) in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 25-55 yr, weighing 45-75 kg, undergoing electire lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 15 each): control group (Do group) and 3 dexmedetomidine groups (D1, D2 and D3 groups). The patients were unpremedicated.Dexmedetomidine was not used in group D0. A loading dose of dexmedetomidine 0.1μg/kg was injected iv over 10 min, and then dexmedetomidine was infused at a rate of 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 μg· kg- 1 · h - 1 for 30 min in groups D1-3 respectively. Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of 8 % sevoflurane. Laryngeal mask airway was inserted when BIS value decreased to 45-55. The patients were mechanically ventilated with inhalation of sevoflurane and a mixture of 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen, and the fresh gas flow was set at 1 L/min. In D0-3 groups, the initial end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane were 3.0%, 2.5%, 2.0% and 1.5% respectively. The patients' response to skin incision was described as effective if MR or MAP increased by ＜ 15%, or ineffective (MR or MAP increased by ≥ 15%). When the response was effective, the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was decreased in the next patient, when ineffective, increased, and the ratio between the two successive concentrations was 0.9.The MRCBAR of sevoflurane was determined by up-and-down method, and 95% confidence interval was calculated.Results The MRCBAR (95% confidence interval) of sevoflurane was 2.85% (2.44%-3.32%), 1.91%(1.61%-2.26%), 1.52% (1.31%-1.77%), and 1.34% (1.15%-1.57%)in D0-3 groups respectively. The MRCBAR of sevoflurane was significantly lower in D1-3 groups than in D0 group, and in D2 and D3 groups than in group D1 (P ＜0.05＝. There was no significant difference in MRCBAR of sevoflurane between D2 and D3 groups (P ＞0.05) .Conclusion Continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine at 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 for 30 min results in a decrease in MACBAR of sevoflurane and enhances the inhibitory effect of sevoflurane on the stress response, and in a dose-dependent manner.     

右美托咪啶与咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼用于肝癌微波治疗术患者麻醉效果的比较

目的 比较右美托咪啶与咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼用于肝癌微波治疗术患者麻醉的效果.方法 择期行经皮肝穿刺微波治疗术的肝癌患者40例,男性,ASA分级Ⅱ级,年龄35～62岁,体重45～70 kg,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=20):咪达唑仑组(Ⅰ组)和右美托咪啶组(Ⅱ组).Ⅰ组静脉注射咪达唑仑负荷量40μg/kg,然后静脉输注咪达唑仑40μg·kg-1·h-1;Ⅱ组静脉注射右美托眯啶负荷量1μg/kg,然后静脉输注右美托咪啶0.5μg·kg-1·h-1.两组药物负荷量均用生理盐水稀释至20ml,注射时间均为10 min.负荷量注射完毕后5 min时,静脉注射舒芬太尼负荷量0.2μg/kg,然后采用舒芬太尼行PCIA,背景输注速率0.1μg·kg-1·h-1,PCA量0.1μg/kg,锁定时间3 min.舒芬太尼负荷量注射完毕后2 min开始手术.记录术中心动过缓、心动过速、低血压、高血压和呼吸抑制的发生情况;记录舒芬太尼的PCA总按压次数和有效按压次数.结果 两组心动过缓、心动过速、低血压和高血压的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组呼吸抑制发生率降低,舒芬太尼PCA总按压次数和有效按压次数减少(P＜0.05).结论 肝癌微波治疗术患者右美托咪啶复合舒芬太尼的麻醉效果优于咪达唑仑复合舒芬太尼.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the efficacy of anesthesia with dexmedetomidinc and midazolam combined with sufentanil in patients undergoing microwave coagulation therapy for liver cancer. Methods Forty ASA Ⅱ male patients, aged 35-62 yr, weighing 45-70 kg, scheduled for percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy,were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 20 each): midasolam group ( group Ⅰ ) and dexmedetomidine group ( group Ⅱ ). A loading dose of midazolam 40 μg/kg ( in normal saline 20 ml) was given intravenously over 10 min,followed by midasolam infusion at 40 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 in group Ⅰ . A loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg (in normal saline 20 ml ) was given intravenously over 10 min, followed by dexmedetomidine infusion at 0.5 loading dose of sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg was given, and then patient-controlled intravenous anesthesia with sufentsnil (background infusion 0.1 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 , bolus dose 0.1 μg/kg, lockout interval 3 min) was used. The operation was started 2 min after administration of the loading dose of sufentanil. Bradycardia, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertensinn and respiratory depression were recorded. The number of attempts and successfully delivered doses was also recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of bradycardia, tachycardia, hypotension and hypertension between the two groups ( P ＞ 0 .05). The incidence of respiratory depression was significantly lower, and the number of attempts and successfully delivered doses was smaller in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The efficacy of anesthesia with dexmedetomidine and sufentanil is better than that of anesthesia with midazolam and sufentanil in patients undergoing microwave coagulation therapy for liver cancer.     

小剂量氯胺酮对妇科下腹部手术患者七氟醚肺泡气最低有效浓度的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of the low-dose ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in patients undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery.Methods Fifty-one ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 36-49 yr with body mass index ≤ 30 kg/m2 scheduled for gynecological abdominal surgery were randomly divided into control group (group C, n = 29) and ketamine group (group K, n = 22) . The paitents were unpremedicated. In group K, a loading dose of ketamine 0.2 mg/kg was injected intravenously followed by infusion at a rate of 14 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 , while equal volume of normal saline was given in group C. Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of sevoflurane (end-tidal concentration 4%-5%, maintaining for 5 min) in both groups. Endotracheal intubation was performed. The patients breathed sevoflurane until the predetermined target end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was reached for at least 15 min before skin incision. Occurrence of body movement was determined by any visible contraction of the muscle bundle of trunk, limbs, head and neck during skin incision and/or within 60 s after skin incision. The initial end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was set at 1.8 % .If body movement occurred, the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was increased by 0.2% , while if not, decreased by 0.2% . MACs of sevoflurane were calculated. Results The MAC of sevoflurane was 1.51% (95% confidence interval 1.45%-1.58%) in group K, and 2.49% (95% confidence interval 2.40%-2.57%) in group C, and there was significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05) . Conclusion Intravenous infusion of the low-dose ketamine can enhance the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane in patients undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery.     

小剂量氯胺酮对妇科下腹部手术患者七氟醚肺泡气最低有效浓度的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of the low-dose ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in patients undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery.Methods Fifty-one ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 36-49 yr with body mass index ≤ 30 kg/m2 scheduled for gynecological abdominal surgery were randomly divided into control group (group C, n = 29) and ketamine group (group K, n = 22) . The paitents were unpremedicated. In group K, a loading dose of ketamine 0.2 mg/kg was injected intravenously followed by infusion at a rate of 14 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 , while equal volume of normal saline was given in group C. Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of sevoflurane (end-tidal concentration 4%-5%, maintaining for 5 min) in both groups. Endotracheal intubation was performed. The patients breathed sevoflurane until the predetermined target end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was reached for at least 15 min before skin incision. Occurrence of body movement was determined by any visible contraction of the muscle bundle of trunk, limbs, head and neck during skin incision and/or within 60 s after skin incision. The initial end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was set at 1.8 % .If body movement occurred, the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was increased by 0.2% , while if not, decreased by 0.2% . MACs of sevoflurane were calculated. Results The MAC of sevoflurane was 1.51% (95% confidence interval 1.45%-1.58%) in group K, and 2.49% (95% confidence interval 2.40%-2.57%) in group C, and there was significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05) . Conclusion Intravenous infusion of the low-dose ketamine can enhance the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane in patients undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery.     

右美托咪啶混合舒芬太尼用于剖宫产术后病人自控静脉镇痛的效果

目的 评价右美托咪啶混合舒芬太尼用于剖宫产术后病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)的效果.方法 择期脊椎-硬膜外麻醉下行剖宫产术病人120例,年龄18～40岁,身高155～170 cm,采用随机数字表法,将病人随机分为3组(n=40):Ⅰ组于胎儿娩出后静脉注射生理盐水20 ml,术后采用舒芬太尼进行PCIA(背景输注速率0.015μg·kg-1·h-1,PCA量0.023 μg/kg,锁定时间8 min);Ⅱ组于胎儿娩出后静脉注射右美托咪啶0.5 μg/kg,术后PCIA同Ⅰ组;Ⅲ组术中处理同Ⅱ组,术后采用舒芬太尼混合右美托咪啶进行PCIA(舒芬太尼背景输注速率0.015 μg·kg-1·h-1,右美托咪啶背景输注速率0.045 μg·kg-1·h-1,舒芬太尼PCA量0.023 μg/kg、右美托咪啶PCA量0.07 μg/kg,锁定时间8 min).于麻醉前和输注右美托咪啶1 h时测定痛阈和耐痛阈,于术后4、8、24 h时记录VAS评分、警觉/镇静评分和舒芬太尼用量,于术后3 h时记录恶露排出量,记录泌乳发动时间,于术后24 h时行病人满意度评价,于麻醉前和输注右美托咪啶1 h、术后24 h时采集外周静脉血样,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法测定血清皮质醇浓度,记录不良反应的发生情况.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组输注右美托眯啶1 h时痛阈和耐痛阈升高,Ⅲ组术后4、8、24 h时VAS评分和舒芬太尼用量降低,病人满意度升高(P＜0.05);与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组术后4、8、24 h时VAS评分和舒芬太尼用量降低,Ⅲ组病人满意度升高(P＜0.05);其余指标组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 右美托咪啶混合舒芬太尼用于剖宫产术后PCIA的效果优于单独应用舒芬太尼.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil for patientcontrolled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after caeserean section. Methods One hundred and twenty parturients aged 18-40 yr undergoing caeserean section under spinal-epidural anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups( n=40 each):group Ⅰ , group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ . During operation as soon as the baby was bom a bolus of dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg was given iv in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups while in group Ⅰ normal saline (NS) was given instead. Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups received PCIA with sufentanil (background infusion 0.015 μg·kg-1·h-1;bolus dose 0.023 μg/kg;lockout interval 8 min). Group Ⅲ received PCIA with sufentanil + dexmedetomidine (background infusion sufentanil 0.015 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 + dexmedetomidine 0.045 μg·kg· h-1;bolus dose sufentanil 0.023 μg/kg + dexmedetomidine 0.07 μg/kg;lockout interval 8 min) . Pain threshold and pain tolerance threshold were measured before caeserean section and 1 h after bolus dose of dexmedetomidine or NS. VAS, OAA/S and satisfaction scores and sufentanil consumption were recorded at 4, 8 and 24 h after operation.Blood samples were obtained before anesthesia,1 h after bolus injection of dexmedetomidine, and 24 h after operation for determination of serumcortisol concentration. Results Pain threshold and pain tolerance threshold at 1 h after bolus injection of dexmedetomidine were significantly increased as compared with the baseline before anesthesia in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups and were significantly higher in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups than in group Ⅰ . VAS scores and the consumption of sufentanil were significantly lower while the satisfactory score was significantly higher in group Ⅲ than in Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups. Serum cortisol concentrations were significantly increased at 1 h after iv dexmedetomidine or NS injection as compared with the baseline before anesthesia in all 3 groups, but there was no significant difference in serum cortisol levels among the 3 groups. Conclusion Addition of dexmedetomidine to sufentanil for PCIA can significantly reduce the consumption of sufentanil and improve parturient's satisfaction.     

右美托咪啶对七氟醚麻醉患儿麻醉恢复期躁动的影响

目的 评价右美托咪啶对七氟醚麻醉患儿麻醉恢复期躁动的影响.方法 择期全麻下行耳鼻喉科手术患儿300例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,性别不限,年龄4～7岁,体重16～30 kg,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=150):对照组(C组)和右美托咪啶组(D组).D组麻醉诱导前经10min静脉输注0.5μg/kg右美托咪啶20 ml,C组输注生理盐水20 ml.给药结束后5 min时吸入8%七氟醚麻醉诱导,气管插管后行机械通气.吸人2%～ 3%七氟醚维持麻醉,术中维持BIS值40～60.记录麻醉恢复时间和术后2 h内躁动的发生情况.结果 与C组比较,D组麻醉恢复时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),躁动发生率降低(P<0.05).结论 右美托咪啶可降低七氟醚麻醉患儿麻醉恢复期躁动的发生.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on agitation during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Methods Three hundred ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children, aged 4-7 yr, weighing 16-30kg, scheduled for elective ear-nose-throat operation under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 150 each) : control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D) . Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg in 20 ml was infused intravenously over 10 min before anesthesia induction in group D, while equal volume of normal Saline was infused in group C. Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of 8 % sevoflurane 5 min after the end of administration . The children were tracheal incubated and mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 2 % -3 % sevoflurane. BIS was maintained at 40-60 during operation. The recovery time and agitation within 2 h after operation were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the recovery time between the two groups ( P > 0.05) . The incidence of agitation was significantly lower in group D than in group C ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can reduce the occurrence of agitation during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in children.     

小剂量氯胺酮对妇科下腹部手术患者七氟醚肺泡气最低有效浓度的影响

目的 探讨小剂量氯胺酮对妇科下腹部手术患者七氟醚肺泡气最低有效浓度(MAC)的影响.方法 择期拟行妇科下腹部手术患者51例,年龄36～49岁,体重指数≤30 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为对照组(C组,n=29)和氯胺酮组(K组,n=22).K组静脉注射氯胺酮负荷量0.2 mg/kg,随后以14μg·kg-1·min-1维持,C组静脉输注等容量生理盐水,两组均吸入8%七氟醚进行麻醉诱导.麻醉维持:气管插管后,调节七氟醚蒸发罐,使呼气末七氟醚浓度达到预定值并至少稳定15 min后开始切皮.采用序贯法进行试验,初始浓度设为1.8%,发生体动反应,则下一例患者浓度增加0.2%,未发生体动反应,则下一例患者浓度降低0.2%.发生体动反应的标准:切皮时和切皮后60 s内患者躯干、四肢及头颈有可见的肌束收缩.计算七氟醚MAC及其95%可信区间.结果 K组七氟醚MAC为1.51%(95%可信区间为1.45%～1.58%),C组七氟醚MAC为2.49%(95%可信区间为2.40%～2.57%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 静脉输注小剂量氯胺酮可增强七氟醚的麻醉效应.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of the low-dose ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in patients undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery.Methods Fifty-one ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 36-49 yr with body mass index ≤ 30 kg/m2 scheduled for gynecological abdominal surgery were randomly divided into control group (group C, n = 29) and ketamine group (group K, n = 22) . The paitents were unpremedicated. In group K, a loading dose of ketamine 0.2 mg/kg was injected intravenously followed by infusion at a rate of 14 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 , while equal volume of normal saline was given in group C. Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of sevoflurane (end-tidal concentration 4%-5%, maintaining for 5 min) in both groups. Endotracheal intubation was performed. The patients breathed sevoflurane until the predetermined target end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was reached for at least 15 min before skin incision. Occurrence of body movement was determined by any visible contraction of the muscle bundle of trunk, limbs, head and neck during skin incision and/or within 60 s after skin incision. The initial end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was set at 1.8 % .If body movement occurred, the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was increased by 0.2% , while if not, decreased by 0.2% . MACs of sevoflurane were calculated. Results The MAC of sevoflurane was 1.51% (95% confidence interval 1.45%-1.58%) in group K, and 2.49% (95% confidence interval 2.40%-2.57%) in group C, and there was significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05) . Conclusion Intravenous infusion of the low-dose ketamine can enhance the anesthetic effect of sevoflurane in patients undergoing gynecological abdominal surgery.     

不同麻醉方法对神经外科手术患者脑血管自身调节功能影响的比较

Objective To compare the effect of different methods of anesthesia on cerebral autoregulation in patients undergoing neurosurgery.Methods Sixty-nine ASA Ⅱ orⅢ patients with brain tumor, aged 23-62 yr, scheduled for neurosurgery under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 23 each) : propofol-remifentanil group (group PR), sevoflurane-remifentanil group (group SR) and propofol-sevoflurane-remifentanil group (group PSR) . Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol (target plasma concentration3 μg/ml, PR and PSR groups) or inhalation of 8% sevoflurane (group SR) and iv injection of remifentanil 1 mg/kg and atracurium 0.5 mg/kg. The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation. PETCO2 was maintained at 32-35 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with TCI of propofol (target plasma concentration 2.0-3.5 μg/ml) in group PR, with inhalation of 1.5%-2.5% sevoflurane in group SR, with TCI of propofol (target plasma concentration 1.5-3.0 μg/ml) and inhalation of 1% sevoflurane in group PSR, and with TCI of remifentanil (target plasma concentration 2.0-4.5 ng/ml) and iv infusion of atracurium at 6 μg · kg-1 · min-1 in all groups. Auditory evoked potential index was maintained between 40-45. The middle cerebral artery time-average peak flow velocity was recorded before induction (baseline) , immediately after intubation, immediately before craniotomy and at the beginning of skin suture. The unilateral carotid artery was compressed for 7 s at the corresponding time points mentioned above. The transient hyperemic response ratio (THRR) was calculated to reflect cerebral autoregulation. Results Compared with the baseline value at T0, THRR was significantly increased at T2in group PR and decreased at T2,3 in group SR (P <0.05) ,while no significant change was found in THRR at T1-3in group PSR (P >0.05). The THRR was significantly lower in SR and PSR groups than in group PR, and higher in group PSR than in group SR ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Propofol-remifentanil anesthesia can improve cerebral autoregulation, sevoflurane-remifentanil anesthesia can reduce cerebral autoregulation, and propofol-sevofluraneremifentanil anesthesia exerts no effect on cerebral autoregulation in patients undergoing neurosurgery.     

不同麻醉方法对神经外科手术患者脑血管自身调节功能影响的比较

Objective To compare the effect of different methods of anesthesia on cerebral autoregulation in patients undergoing neurosurgery.Methods Sixty-nine ASA Ⅱ orⅢ patients with brain tumor, aged 23-62 yr, scheduled for neurosurgery under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 23 each) : propofol-remifentanil group (group PR), sevoflurane-remifentanil group (group SR) and propofol-sevoflurane-remifentanil group (group PSR) . Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol (target plasma concentration3 μg/ml, PR and PSR groups) or inhalation of 8% sevoflurane (group SR) and iv injection of remifentanil 1 mg/kg and atracurium 0.5 mg/kg. The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation. PETCO2 was maintained at 32-35 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with TCI of propofol (target plasma concentration 2.0-3.5 μg/ml) in group PR, with inhalation of 1.5%-2.5% sevoflurane in group SR, with TCI of propofol (target plasma concentration 1.5-3.0 μg/ml) and inhalation of 1% sevoflurane in group PSR, and with TCI of remifentanil (target plasma concentration 2.0-4.5 ng/ml) and iv infusion of atracurium at 6 μg · kg-1 · min-1 in all groups. Auditory evoked potential index was maintained between 40-45. The middle cerebral artery time-average peak flow velocity was recorded before induction (baseline) , immediately after intubation, immediately before craniotomy and at the beginning of skin suture. The unilateral carotid artery was compressed for 7 s at the corresponding time points mentioned above. The transient hyperemic response ratio (THRR) was calculated to reflect cerebral autoregulation. Results Compared with the baseline value at T0, THRR was significantly increased at T2in group PR and decreased at T2,3 in group SR (P <0.05) ,while no significant change was found in THRR at T1-3in group PSR (P >0.05). The THRR was significantly lower in SR and PSR groups than in group PR, and higher in group PSR than in group SR ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Propofol-remifentanil anesthesia can improve cerebral autoregulation, sevoflurane-remifentanil anesthesia can reduce cerebral autoregulation, and propofol-sevofluraneremifentanil anesthesia exerts no effect on cerebral autoregulation in patients undergoing neurosurgery.     

右美托咪啶对七氟醚麻醉患儿麻醉恢复期躁动的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on agitation during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in children. Methods Three hundred ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children, aged 4-7 yr, weighing 16-30kg, scheduled for elective ear-nose-throat operation under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 150 each) : control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D) . Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg in 20 ml was infused intravenously over 10 min before anesthesia induction in group D, while equal volume of normal Saline was infused in group C. Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of 8 % sevoflurane 5 min after the end of administration . The children were tracheal incubated and mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 2 % -3 % sevoflurane. BIS was maintained at 40-60 during operation. The recovery time and agitation within 2 h after operation were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in the recovery time between the two groups ( P > 0.05) . The incidence of agitation was significantly lower in group D than in group C ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can reduce the occurrence of agitation during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in children.     

丙泊酚与七氟醚对舌癌根治术患者NK细胞和B淋巴细胞的影响

目的比较丙泊酚与七氟醚对舌癌根治术患者外周血NK细胞和B淋巴细胞的影响。方法选择择期行舌癌根治术患者40例,男25例,女15例,年龄44~67岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分为两组:丙泊酚组(P组)和七氟醚组(S组),每组20例。P组采用丙泊酚2.0~2.5mg/kg、瑞芬太尼1~2μg/kg、顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg静脉麻醉诱导,丙泊酚4~6mg·kg-1·h-1及瑞芬太尼0.2~0.3μg·kg-1·min-1静脉输注维持麻醉;S组采用8%七氟醚、新鲜气体流量5L/min吸入,瑞芬太尼1~2μg/kg、顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg静脉注射诱导,瑞芬太尼0.2~0.3μg·kg-1·min-1静脉输注及2%~3%七氟醚吸入维持麻醉。分别在麻醉诱导前30min(T0)、麻醉后1h(T1)、3h(T2)、5h(T3)、手术结束时(T4)、手术结束后24h(T5)、48h(T6)、72h(T7)采集外周静脉血,采用流式细胞仪测定外周血NK细胞(CD3-CD16+56+)及B淋巴细胞(CD3-CD19+)百分比。结果与T0时比较,T1~T5时两组CD3-CD16+56+和CD3-CD19+百分比明显降低(P0.05),T6时S组CD3-CD16+56+百分比明显降低(P0.05);T2~T6时S组CD3-CD16+56+百分比明显低于P组(P0.05),两组各时点CD3-CD19+百分比差异无统计学意义。结论与七氟醚比较,丙泊酚可维持较高的NK细胞百分比,有利于维持舌癌根治术患者免疫功能。     

右美托咪定减少妇科腹腔镜手术七氟醚用量的临床研究

目的 观察右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)对妇科腹腔镜手术患者七氟醚用量的节省程度. 方法 择期拟于全身麻醉下进行妇科腹腔镜手术患者40例,年龄18～59岁,BMI 18.5～24.0 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级.采用随机数字表法将其分为2组(每组20例):对照组(C组)和Dex组(D组).入室后,以稳定10 min时(T0)的BP作为基础水平,麻醉诱导后采用七氟醚吸入维持,调整吸入浓度,使喉罩置入后10 min内BIS值为40～60,并维持至术毕.D组于麻醉诱导前15 min时经10 min静脉输注Dex 1.0 μg/kg后以0.4 μg·kg-1·h-1维持至术毕前约15 min,C组输注等量生理盐水.术毕即刻停用七氟醚.于切皮即刻(T1)、气腹即刻(T2)、气腹开始后10 min (T3)和术毕(T4)时记录呼气末七氟醚浓度(end-tidal concentrationof sevoflurane,CETsevo);于切皮前即刻与术毕记录七氟醚挥发罐重量,并计算单位时间七氟醚用量;记录麻醉时间、手术时间、气腹时间、苏醒时间、拔除喉罩时间、术后躁动及心血管不良事件的发生情况;术后随访,记录术中知晓的发生情况. 结果 与C组比较,D组T1～T4时CETsevo降低,七氟醚单位时间用量减少,苏醒时间、拔除喉罩时间及术后躁动发生率降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).两组均未见心血管不良事件和术中知晓发生.T1～T4时D组CETsevo较C组分别降低了20.6％ 、28.1％ 、26.1％和25.0％(P＜0.05),D组较C组七氟醚单位时间用量节省29.0％(P＜0.01). 结论 Dex可降低妇科腹腔镜手术患者CETsev0 20.6％～28.1％,节省七氟醚用量约29.0％,从而缩短苏醒及拔除喉罩时间,降低术后躁动的发生概率.     

胃肠手术中右旋美托咪定对全麻复苏期的影响

目的 探讨全身麻醉中全程复合应用右旋美托咪定对患者复苏期拔管时间、睁眼时间和血流动力学等指标的影响.方法 90例入选患者被随机分成试验Ⅰ组（T1）、试验Ⅱ组（T2）和对照组（C）3组.试验Ⅰ组患者15 min内输注0.5 μg/kg右旋美托咪定,以0.25 μg· kg-1· h-1右旋美托咪定维持至拔管;试验Ⅱ组15 min内输注0.5 μg/kg右旋美托咪定,以0.5 μg· kg-1· h-1右旋美托咪定维持至拔管;对照组（C） 输注生理盐水.记录复苏期拔管时间、睁眼时间和血流动力学变化.结果 麻醉复苏期停止输注丙泊酚至拔出气管导管时间分别为C 组（26.6 ± 8.8）min、T1组（36.0 ± 12.9）min和T2 组（33.0 ± 7.7）min,3组间比较差异无统计学意义.停止瑞芬太尼输注到拔出气管导管时间分别为 C 组（12.4 ± 7.4） min,T1 组（17.2 ± 9.9） min和T2 组（16.1 ± 7.9） min,3组间比较无统计学差异（P 〉 0.05）.睁眼时间T1为（22.1 ± 9.5）min、T2为（37.3 ± 7.4） min,均较对照组C（13.2 ± 4.8）min明显延长（P 〈 0.05）.麻醉复苏期血压、心率变化试验组较对照组稳定,T2组尤为明显.结论 成人胃肠手术全凭静脉麻醉全程复合较大剂量（0.5 μg· kg-1· h-1）右旋美托咪定对麻醉复苏期气管拔管时间无明显影响,但可延长睁眼时间并与剂量相关;复苏期血流动力学指标更平稳.     

双氯芬酸钠栓对七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉恢复期患儿的镇痛效应

目的 评价双氯芬酸钠栓对七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉恢复期患儿的镇痛效应.方法 择期行扁桃体切除和(或)腺样体摘除手术患儿40例,年龄2～10岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组(n=20):对照组(C组)和双氯芬酸钠栓组(D组).吸入l%～3%七氟醚和静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.05～0.1 μg·kg-1·min-1维持麻醉,静脉输注罗库溴铵5～10μg·kg-1·min-1维持肌松.气管插管后,D组将双氯芬酸钠栓1 mg/kg塞至距患儿肛门2 cm处,C组不做任何处理.拔除气管导管即刻采用Ramsay镇静评分评价镇静程度,采用躁动评分评价躁动程度.结果 与C组比较,D组镇静效果好,躁动程度轻(P<0.01).结论 气管插管后经直肠给予双氯芬酸钠栓l mg/kg对七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉恢复期患儿产生显著的镇痛效应,有助于避免躁动的发生.     

右美托咪定对slJL扁桃体和／或腺样体术后躁动的影响

目的观察小剂量右美托咪定（dexmedetomidine,Dex）对小儿七氟烷全麻扁桃体和／或腺样体术后苏醒期躁动的影响。方法选取年龄2岁～8岁,美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,拟在七氟烷吸入麻醉下进行扁桃体和／或腺样体摘除的患儿90名,采用双盲法以抽签形式将患者随机分为两组（每组45例）：实验组（D组）和对照组（s组）。D组在诱导时给予Dex负荷量0.3μg／kg（10min泵人）,后以0．2μg·kg-1·h-1维持;S组给予等容生理盐水,两组麻醉均以七氟烷维持,记录患者心率（heart rate,HR）、血压、脉搏血氧饱和度、呼气末七氟烷浓度、停药到自主呼吸恢复时间、停药至拔管时间、拔管后躁动评分。结果D组苏醒期躁动发生率为28.89％,S组为64.44％,且每个时间记录点D组发生躁动的人数均少于S组。结论小剂量Dex能减轻小儿七氟烷全麻扁桃体和／或腺样体术后苏醒期躁动。     

瑞芬太尼控制性降压对胃癌根治术患者脑氧代谢的影响

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼控制性降压对胃癌根治术患者脑氧代谢的影响.方法 择期行胃癌根治术患者42例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄30～64岁,性别不限,体重指数<30 kg/m2,随机分为3组(n=14):对照组(C组)、瑞芬太尼控制性降压组(R组)和硝普钠控制性降压组(N组).麻醉诱导:静脉注射咪达唑仑0.1 mg/kg、芬太尼5 μg/kg、维库溴铵0.08 mg/kg和异丙酚2 mg/kg,气管插管后行间歇正压机械通气,潮气量8～10 ml/kg,呼吸频率12次/min,吸呼比1:1.5,维持呼气末二氧化碳分压30～35 mm Hg.麻醉维持:静脉输注异丙酚50～100 μg·kg-1·min-1和瑞芬太尼0.1 μg·kg-1·min-1,吸入异氟醚(呼气末浓度1.1%),间断静脉注射维库溴铵0.04 mg/kg.开腹膜时C组瑞芬太尼输注速率不变;R组瑞芬太尼输注速率每分钟增加0.05 μg·kg-1·min-1;N组静脉输注硝普钠1 μg·kg-1·min-1,1 min后每分钟增加0.5 μg·kg-1·min-1.R组和N组MAP降至麻醉诱导前的70%但不低于50 mm Hg.记录控制性降压诱导时间和血压恢复时间;于麻醉诱导前、降压前即刻、降压达目标血压10、30 min和停止降压20 min时,记录MAP和HR;采集桡动脉和颈内静脉球部血样行血气分析,计算动脉血氧含量(CaO2)、静脉血氧含量(CjvO2)、动脉.静脉血氧含量差(Da-jvO2)、脑氧摄取率(CERO2)和动脉-静脉乳酸含量差(Da-jvL).结果 R组控制性降压诱导时间和血压恢复时间长于N组,但血压较N组稳定(P<0.05);与C组比较,R组Da-jvO2、CERO2和Da-jvL降低,N组CERO2和Da-jvL升高(P<0.05).结论 胃癌根治术患者瑞芬太尼控制性降压效果良好,可降低脑组织氧耗.     

右美托咪定复合小剂量氯胺酮在困难气道纤维支气管镜插管中镇静遗忘的效果

目的观察右美托咪定复合小剂量氯胺酮在择期手术困难气道患者纤维支气管镜经鼻气管插管中的镇静遗忘的效果。方法择期困难气道纤维支气管镜经鼻插管患者90例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,按照随机数字表法均分为三组:右美托咪定1.0μg/kg+氯胺酮0.5 mg·kg-1·h-1(DK组)、右美托咪定1.0μg/kg+丙泊酚2.0mg·kg-1·h-1(DP组)和右美托咪定1.0μg/kg+瑞芬太尼5.0μg·kg-1·h-1(DR组)。比较三组患者入室后安静10min(T0)、纤维支气管镜置入前(T1)、气管导管进入声门即刻(T2)及插管后5min(T3)时HR、MAP、SpO2及Ramsay镇静评分和不良反应,及术后24h随访患者对气管插管过程的知晓情况。结果与T0时比较,T1时DP和DR组HR明显减慢,MAP明显下降,T1时DP组SpO2明显降低(P0.05);T3时DP和DR组HR明显加快,DR组MAP明显增高(P0.05);T2时DR组MAP明显高于DP组。T2时DP组和DR组Ramsay镇静评分明显低于DK组,T3时DR组Ramsay镇静评分明显低于DK和DP组(P0.05);DP组心动过缓、呼吸抑制发生率明显高于DK组,DR组呛咳、躁动、心动过速、插管知晓发生率明显高于DK组(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定复合小剂量氯胺酮用于困难气道患者经鼻纤支镜插管可保证良好的镇静遗忘效果,维持稳定的血流动力学,并且不良反应发生率低。     

瑞芬太尼抑制患者清醒气管插管反应的半数有效剂量

目的 确定咪达唑仑镇静下瑞芬太尼抑制患者清醒气管插管反应的半数有效剂量(ED50).方法 择期全麻下行整形外科手术的成年女性患者36例,ASAⅠ级,采用改良Dixon序贯法进行试验,静脉输注咪达唑仑0.1 mg/ks 10 min后,第1例快速静脉输注瑞芬太尼1 μg/kg后以0.1μg·min-1·kg-1静脉输注,若未发生气管插管反应,则下一例瑞芬太尼降低0.1μg/kg,速率降低0.01μg·min-1·kg-1,直至第n例发生气管插管反应.将第n例和第n=1例剂量的平均值作为初始剂量,以0.05μg/kg和0.005μg·min-1·kg-1为梯度进行调整.根据对直接喉镜显露声门及气管插管操作的反应及镇静评分评价是否发生气管插管反应.采用改良Dixon序贯法计算瑞芬太尼抑制清醒气管插管反应的ED50,并采用logistic回归模型进行概率单位转换分析ED50及其95%可信区问.结果 采用改良Dixon序贯法计算瑞芬太尼抑制清醒气管插管反应的ED50为0.62 μg/ks,概率单位转换法计算的ED50及其95%可信区间分别为0.63(0.54～0.70)μg/kg.未发生气管插管反应的19例患者中,有18例对气管插管耐受良好,并可对言语指令作出正确反应.术后随访患者对气管插管操作均无不良记忆.结论 咪达唑仑0.1 mg/kg镇静下,快速静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.62 μg/kg后以0.062 μg·min-1·kg-1静脉输注可为50%的患者提供较好的清醒气管插管条件,且无气管插管反应发生.     

氟比洛芬酯预防瑞芬太尼麻醉后的痛觉过敏

目的探讨氟比洛芬酯术前给药对瑞芬太尼麻醉后痛觉过敏的影响。方法本研究共纳入本院普外科行上腹部手术的患者96例,男51例,女45例,年龄18~65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,按随机数字表法将其分为四组,每组24例。A1和A2组:麻醉前预注氟比洛芬酯1.5mg/kg,B1和B2组:麻醉前不给予氟比洛芬酯,A1和B1组术中以瑞芬太尼0.1μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)维持麻醉,A2和B2组术中以瑞芬太尼0.4μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)维持麻醉。记录自主呼吸恢复时间、意识恢复时间及拔管时间,恶心,呕吐,躁动,麻醉苏醒后5min的疼痛VAS评分。结果四组患者自主呼吸恢复时间、意识恢复时间及拔管时间差异无统计学意义。B2组苏醒后VAS评分最高(9.0±1.8)分,明显高于其它三组(P0.05)。A1组VAS评分最低(3.1±1.1)分,明显低于其它三组(P0.05)。结论上腹部手术时术前给予氟比洛芬酯1.5mg/kg可减轻瑞芬太尼麻醉后的痛觉过敏。     

妇科腔镜手术中Narcotrend指导下七氟醚复合丙泊酚麻醉的临床观察

目的研究妇科腹腔镜手术中Narcotrend指导下七氟醚联合丙泊酚麻醉的效果及对血液动力学、认知功能和七氟醚用量的影响。方法选取2016年1月至2017年3月80例在我院择期行妇科腹腔镜手术患者为研究对象,将纳入患者按分为Narcotrend组与对照组,每组40例。所有患者均给予静吸复合麻醉,Narcotrend组在Narcotrend指导下进行麻醉,对照组凭借麻醉医师临床经验,根据患者生命体征,维持合适麻醉深度。记录患者入室(T0)、麻醉诱导后2 min(T1)、气管插管即刻(T2)、建立气腹即刻(T3)、建立气腹后15 min(T4)、拔除气管即刻(T5)心率与平均动脉压,比较两组七氟醚、丙泊酚用量及自主呼吸恢复时间,评估患者认知功能。结果 Narcotrend组T2、T3、T5心率、平均动脉压显著低于对照组(P0.05)。Narcotrend组七氟醚用量、丙泊酚用量、自主呼吸恢复时间分别为10.82±1.95 m L/h、82.72±14.90 mg、9.31±1.68 min显著低于对照组的13.15±2.36 m L/h、94.02±16.92 mg、10.65±1.92 min(P0.05)。Narcotrend组术后1 d简易精神状态评分(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估认知评分(Mo CA)显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论在Narcotrend指导下进行妇科腹腔镜手术,可以使麻醉更接近理想状态,减少麻醉药物用量,稳定血液动力学,减轻对认知功能的影响。