2008-2009年北京市沙门菌流行特征和分子分型

目的 分析2008-2009年北京市沙门菌流行特征及脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分子分型. 方法 对2008-2009年通过WHO全球沙门菌监测系统及北京市肠道门诊监测系统分离到的137株沙门菌进行生化鉴定、血清分型和相关流行病学分析;利用PFGE进行分子分型. 结果 北京市2008-2009年沙门菌的流行具有明显季节性,6-9月份高发,共分离菌株84株,占64.1%(84/131);患者年龄多为18～40岁,占46.1%(58/128);男性80例,女性51例,男女比例为1.57:1.137株沙门菌分属于20种血清型,其中肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌为优势菌型,分别占46.7%(64/137)和17.5%(24/137).共分71种PFGE带型,其中肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌都有16种PFGE型别.肠炎沙门菌的4种PFGE型别(JEGX01.CN0001、JEGX01.CN0003、JFGX01.CN0002、JEGX01.CN0019)和鼠伤寒沙门菌的JPXX01.CN0001为优势分子型别. 结论 2008-2009年北京市沙门菌的流行具有性别、年龄和季节性分布特征;PFGE分子型别较多,且存在差异明显的多个克隆系.

Abstract：

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics and molecular phenotypes of Salmonella by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in Beijing from 2008 to 2009. Methods A total of one hundred thirty-seven isolates recovered from the WHO Global Samonella Surveillance system and entero clinic surveillance system were identified by biochemical tests and serotyping.The related epidemiological informations were also analyzed.The isolates were further typed by PFGE. Results The prevalence of Salmonella from 2008 to 2009 showed obvious seasonal character.High incidence occurred from June to September,and 64.1% (84/131) isolates were recovered in this period.Patients of 18-40 year-old were 46.1% (58/128) and 80 patients were male and 40 patients were female with the ratio of 1.57:1.These 137 Salmonella isolates belonged to 20 serotypes,including Enteritidis (46.7%,64/137) and Typhimurium (17.5%,24/137) as the dominant serotype.In total,71 PFGE profiles were identified.Four PFGE patterns of S.Enteritidis isolates (JEGX01.CN0001,JEGX01.CN0003,JEGXO1.CN0002,JEGX01.CN0019) and S.Typhimurium pattern of JPXX01.CN0001 were dominant patterns. Conclusion The prevalence of Salmonella from 2008 to 2009 showed distribution characteristics of sex,age and seasons.The numerous PFGE patterns of Salmonella showed diversity of these isolates and different clones existed in Beijing.     

肠炎沙门菌可变数目串联重复序列位点用于多位点可变数目串联重复序列分型分析的评价

目的 评价不同肠炎沙门菌可变数目串联重复序列(VNTR)位点用于多位点可变数目串联重复序列(MLVA)分型的可行性.方法 选取已报道使用的肠炎沙门菌11个VNTR位点,对中国不同时间和地区分离的16株菌进行初步评价,选取具有单一扩增条带的位点进行104株肠炎沙门茵的MLVA分型分析.对这些菌株同时进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分析,比较MLVA分型方法与PFGE分型方法对菌株分型能力的强弱.结果 初筛得到7个VNTR位点用于扩大菌株的分析,这些位点将104株菌分为16个MLVA型别,D值为0.7222,这些菌株同时被分为22个PFGE型别,D值为0.7974.对两种方法各自所分的最大组包含的菌株进行比较,发现PFGE具有更强的分辨能力;从频数分布看,PFGE方法分型结果比较分散,MLVA分型较为集中.结论 用于国际肠炎沙门菌分型具有扩增多态性的VNTR位点在国内分离株中并不都具有多态性结果,在MLVA方法学建立中应选择更多的VNTR位点进行广泛的筛选才有利于国际实验室间的方法的统一.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of the application of variable-number tandem repeat(VNTR)loci of Salmonella Enteritidis(S. enteritidis)in subtyping mutiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis(MLVA).Methods A total of 16 isolates of S.enteritidis from different place and time in China were preliminarily assessed by choosing 11 reported VNTR loci.the loci with single amplified bands were picked to subtype all 104 S.enteritidis isolates.The isolates were also analyzed by pulse field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)to compare the superiority or inferiority of MLVA method and PFGE method.Results Seven VNTR loci were selected from the preliminary screening to expand the analysis,and the 7 VNTR loci had grouped 104 of S.enteritidis isolates into either 16 MLVA subtypes or 22 PFGE subtypes.with the D value at 0.7222 and 0.7974,respectively.Comparing with the isolates in MLVA subtypes.the isolates in PFGE showed a stronger resolving power.Meanwhile the results in PFGE showed a more disperse frequency distribution than those in MLVA.Conclusion These results indicate that some VNTR locus which have shown a good polymorphism intemationaUy,may fail to show polymorphism in China.thereby.more VNTR loci should be included in MLVA and the wide screening may benefit the unity of global laboratorial methods.     

上海市16个冷却塔水中军团菌脉冲场凝胶电泳分型及基因型监测

Objective To investigate the genotypic characteristics and persistence of Legionella pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns in 16 air-conditioner cooling towers in six different public sites of Shanghai. Methods From May to October, continuous sampling was operated once per month in 2007. Legionella strains isolated from the 16 cooling towers were confirmed by serological and latex agglutination. PFGE was applied for the fingerprinting of the isolates, while the culster results of PFGE were analyzed by BioNumerics software. Results 131 strains of Legionella were isolated, including L. pneumophila, L. bozemanae, L. micdadei and L anisa.52 distinguishable PFGE patterns were differentiated among the 16 cooling towers, with 37 patterns were owned by just one cooling tower, which was not shared with other cooling towers, while 15 patterns were shared by more than 2 cooling towers. All the cooling towers had ≥2 PFGE patterns,while in 13 cooling towers the same PFGE patterns were recovered during the six months. From June to October of 2007, 18 strains of Legionella belonging to the PFGE pattern of LPAs. SH0078 were isolated continuously from 6 cooling towers. Conclusion This study demonstrated great genotypic diversity and complexity of Legionella in cooling towers. Persistence of the PFGE patterns was observed in 81.25% of the cooling towers. The PFGE pattern of LPAs. SH0078 was distributed widely,suggesting it might be the dominate strain in Shanghai.     

上海市16个冷却塔水中军团菌脉冲场凝胶电泳分型及基因型监测

Objective To investigate the genotypic characteristics and persistence of Legionella pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns in 16 air-conditioner cooling towers in six different public sites of Shanghai. Methods From May to October, continuous sampling was operated once per month in 2007. Legionella strains isolated from the 16 cooling towers were confirmed by serological and latex agglutination. PFGE was applied for the fingerprinting of the isolates, while the culster results of PFGE were analyzed by BioNumerics software. Results 131 strains of Legionella were isolated, including L. pneumophila, L. bozemanae, L. micdadei and L anisa.52 distinguishable PFGE patterns were differentiated among the 16 cooling towers, with 37 patterns were owned by just one cooling tower, which was not shared with other cooling towers, while 15 patterns were shared by more than 2 cooling towers. All the cooling towers had ≥2 PFGE patterns,while in 13 cooling towers the same PFGE patterns were recovered during the six months. From June to October of 2007, 18 strains of Legionella belonging to the PFGE pattern of LPAs. SH0078 were isolated continuously from 6 cooling towers. Conclusion This study demonstrated great genotypic diversity and complexity of Legionella in cooling towers. Persistence of the PFGE patterns was observed in 81.25% of the cooling towers. The PFGE pattern of LPAs. SH0078 was distributed widely,suggesting it might be the dominate strain in Shanghai.     

浙江省2008-2009年三起诺如病毒胃肠炎暴发的病原分子特征分析

Objective To study the molecular characteristic of norovirus in 3 outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Zhejiang province. Methods During January 2008 and December 2009, fecal specimens of patients were collected from 3 outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis. Noroviruses were detected by Real-time RT-PCR. Part of the positive samples were randomly selected and detected by RT-PCR. PCR products were sequenced. Sequence analysis was undertaken based on partial sequence of RNA dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp)and capsid protein gene. Some positive samples were amplified by 3' RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA 3' ends), 3200 bp in length. The exact whole ORF2, ORF3 and 3' untranslation regions(UTR)gene of norovims were identified. Results There were in total 3 outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis caused by norovirus being reported. A total of 62 stools were obtained from cases with acute gastroentefitis. Noroviruses were detected in 41 cases including 27 strains of genogroup Ⅰ norovirus and 9 strains of genogroup Ⅱ norovirus, 5 strains of genogroup Ⅰ + Ⅱ norovirus. Four genotypes including G Ⅰ .8, G Ⅱ .b, G Ⅰ .2/0 Ⅰ .6 recombination together with co-infection of G Ⅰ .8 and G Ⅱ .b were detected. Conclusion Norovirus was confirmed as the major cause of outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis in Zhejiang province and multiple genotype of norovirus were identified from the outbreaks. It was the first time to have found a recombinant of G Ⅰ .6 capsid and G Ⅰ .2 polymerase norovims as well as the co-infection of G Ⅰ .8 and G Ⅱ .b norovirus in the same sample.     

浙江省2008-2009年三起诺如病毒胃肠炎暴发的病原分子特征分析

Objective To study the molecular characteristic of norovirus in 3 outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Zhejiang province. Methods During January 2008 and December 2009, fecal specimens of patients were collected from 3 outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis. Noroviruses were detected by Real-time RT-PCR. Part of the positive samples were randomly selected and detected by RT-PCR. PCR products were sequenced. Sequence analysis was undertaken based on partial sequence of RNA dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp)and capsid protein gene. Some positive samples were amplified by 3' RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA 3' ends), 3200 bp in length. The exact whole ORF2, ORF3 and 3' untranslation regions(UTR)gene of norovims were identified. Results There were in total 3 outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis caused by norovirus being reported. A total of 62 stools were obtained from cases with acute gastroentefitis. Noroviruses were detected in 41 cases including 27 strains of genogroup Ⅰ norovirus and 9 strains of genogroup Ⅱ norovirus, 5 strains of genogroup Ⅰ + Ⅱ norovirus. Four genotypes including G Ⅰ .8, G Ⅱ .b, G Ⅰ .2/0 Ⅰ .6 recombination together with co-infection of G Ⅰ .8 and G Ⅱ .b were detected. Conclusion Norovirus was confirmed as the major cause of outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis in Zhejiang province and multiple genotype of norovirus were identified from the outbreaks. It was the first time to have found a recombinant of G Ⅰ .6 capsid and G Ⅰ .2 polymerase norovims as well as the co-infection of G Ⅰ .8 and G Ⅱ .b norovirus in the same sample.     

肺炎克雷伯菌脉冲场凝胶电泳及多位点序列分型技术的联合应用

Objective To type Klebsiella pneumonia through methods including pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in combination with multilocus sequence typing. Methods Four selected different Eps, referring to the Standard Operating Procedure of PulseNet China, were used. The single colony of Klebsiella pneumonia was quantified after enriched culture. Embedding organisms in agarose and genome DNA were lysed with Proteinase K and then digested by restriction endonuclease Xba Ⅰ , to produce agarose gel. Fingerprint was obtained through PFGE and bands were marked with their molecular weights and then analyzed by BioNumerics software. Using MLST to analyze the strains that were highly similar, by PFGE typing Results By comparing the four results from each Eps, fk3 (switch time from 6s to 36s,total run time is 18.5 hours) seemed to be better than the others.59 strains of Klebsiella pneumonia were divided into 47 PFGE types and 19 PFGE clusters. The highly similar strains could be typed into ST-340、ST-342、ST-343、ST-344、ST-345 by MLST. Among them, ST-342、 ST-343、 ST-344、 ST-345 types were all new MLST types that were reported in China.Conclusion Highly similar Klebsiella pneumonias typed by PFGE could also be typed by MLST.     

肺炎克雷伯菌脉冲场凝胶电泳及多位点序列分型技术的联合应用

Objective To type Klebsiella pneumonia through methods including pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in combination with multilocus sequence typing. Methods Four selected different Eps, referring to the Standard Operating Procedure of PulseNet China, were used. The single colony of Klebsiella pneumonia was quantified after enriched culture. Embedding organisms in agarose and genome DNA were lysed with Proteinase K and then digested by restriction endonuclease Xba Ⅰ , to produce agarose gel. Fingerprint was obtained through PFGE and bands were marked with their molecular weights and then analyzed by BioNumerics software. Using MLST to analyze the strains that were highly similar, by PFGE typing Results By comparing the four results from each Eps, fk3 (switch time from 6s to 36s,total run time is 18.5 hours) seemed to be better than the others.59 strains of Klebsiella pneumonia were divided into 47 PFGE types and 19 PFGE clusters. The highly similar strains could be typed into ST-340、ST-342、ST-343、ST-344、ST-345 by MLST. Among them, ST-342、 ST-343、 ST-344、 ST-345 types were all new MLST types that were reported in China.Conclusion Highly similar Klebsiella pneumonias typed by PFGE could also be typed by MLST.     

新生儿肺炎克雷伯菌脓毒血症细菌的耐药性分析

Objective To study the drug resistance of neonatal sepsis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and provide evidence for drug treatment. Method Retrospectively analysis was conducted on the clinical data and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in 50 neonates with sepsis. Results The majority of the 50 cases were infected in hospital. There were 13 ESBLs strains in 50 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (26%), and the others were negative ESBLs starins (74%). All the strains were multidrug-resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics and only sensitive to few antibiotics such as Imipenem and Amikacin. The sensitive rate was 100%. Conclusions The first selected antibiotic for the treatment of neonatal sepsis caused by Klebsiella pnemoniae was Imipenem or Amikacin.     

中国嗜肺军团菌分离株脉冲场凝胶电泳分型分析以及数据库的建立

目的 对分离的262株嗜肺军团菌进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分析,初步建立中国嗜肺军团菌的PFGE分型数据库.方法 采用PFGE技术,对2004-2009年中国11个省(市)分离的嗜肺军团菌用AscⅠ酶切,BioNumerics软件分析PFGE图谱,并建立分子分型数据库.结果 262株嗜肺军团菌的PFGE图谱共分为108种不同的PFGE带型,相似性系数在16%～100%之间,通过聚类分析,可以分为差异明显的不同簇.不同省份、年份和血清型的菌株之间有交叉带型.结论 中国环境分离的嗜肺军团菌菌株基因组变异较大,同时也具有克隆化特征,且可能有多个克隆系存在.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the molecular types of Legionella (L.) pneumophila strains isolated in China,and to develop the PulseNet-China Database of L.pneumophila.Methods Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to analyze 262 L.pneumophila strains collected from 11 provinces between 2004 and 2009 in China.Different kinds of genomic DNA in different L.pneumophila strains were isolated and separated after digesting with Asc Ⅰ.BioNumerics software was used to analysis the PFGE fingerprints.Results L.pneumophila strains isolated in China were quite different regarding their PFGE patterns.There were 108 PFGE types among the 262 strains tested in this study.The similarity value of these strains was in the range of 16%-100% and the same types were discovered in different provinces and years.Conclusion L.pneumophila strains isolated in China were with high genetic variations.There might be different clones existed in China.The development of PulseNet China Database was thus of great significance in monitoring the L.pneumophila strains in the future.     

广东省2007年度非伤寒沙门菌监测及病原学特征分析

目的 了解广东省腹泻病患者中非伤寒沙门菌感染情况和菌株的血清型别、分布、耐药性变化.方法 对纳入研究的腹泻病患者进行非伤寒沙门菌检测,对分离到的菌株进行血清分型、药物敏感性试验和脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型.结果 2007年度共检测1128份腹泻粪便标本,分离到71株沙门菌,阳性检出率为6.29%;共分得29种血清型,肠炎和鼠伤寒沙门菌居多;大多数沙门菌对常用的头孢类和喹诺酮类抗生素敏感,鼠伤寒沙门菌的耐药率普遍较肠炎和斯坦利沙门菌高;除肠炎沙门菌外,其余的血清型没有同一PFGE型别的菌株;用Xba Ⅰ酶切17株肠炎沙门菌可分为PFGE-XbaⅠ 1～8型,其中PFGE-XbaⅠ 4型为优势型别.用Sfi Ⅰ和Not Ⅰ酶对12株肠炎沙门菌进行再分型,综合用Xba Ⅰ/Sfi Ⅰ/Not Ⅰ三种酶的结果 发现仍有三组菌的PFGE图谱是完全一致的.结论 2007年度广东省非伤寒沙门菌的感染多数为散发病例,头孢类和喹诺酮类抗生素是治疗非伤寒沙门菌感染的首选药物.     

成都市未成年人群腹泻沙门氏菌血清型、耐药及分子分型研究

目的 了解成都市未成年腹泻人群中沙门氏菌感染的血清型分布及耐药性。方法 2012—2019年于成都市各区、市的哨点医院采集18岁以下腹泻患者粪便标本,按照GB4789.4进行沙门氏菌的分离鉴定和血清分型,随机选择部分样本进行微量肉汤稀释法药敏试验和脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分型。结果 共检出611份腹泻粪便来源沙门氏菌,可分为36种血清型,其中鼠伤寒和肠炎沙门氏菌占据主要优势,分别为68.2%和11.0%。耐药方面,沙门氏菌对氨苄西林的耐药率排首位（76.5%）,其次为四环素（70.5%）、甲氧氨苄嘧啶/磺胺甲噁唑（44.5%）、氯霉素（40.0%）和氨苄西林/舒巴坦（38.0%）;对一、二、三代头孢类抗生素的耐药率有较大差异（4.5%~33.0%）,对亚胺培南均敏感。多重耐药现象严重,以氨苄西林-四环素-甲氧氨苄嘧啶/磺胺甲噁唑（AMP-TET-SXT,占39.0%）,氨苄西林-氨苄西林/舒巴坦-四环素（AMP-AMS-TET,占32.0%）等为主。95株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌PFGE聚类相似度为53%,分为87种带型,其中5种带型各含2~3株相同带型。结论 成都市未成年腹泻患者沙门氏菌主要血清型是鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌。多重耐药较严重,AMP-TET-SXT耐药率最高,优势沙门氏菌PFGE型别呈现多样性,存在散在沙门氏菌引起食物中毒的可能。     

2011—2013年北京某城区感染性腹泻患者致病菌检测分析

目的分析北京某城区2011—2013年感染性腹泻患者致病菌分布及脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)图谱特征,为感染溯源提供依据。方法收集2011年1月—2013年12月该区域肠道门诊感染性腹泻患者粪便标本1 179份,对其培养分离的致病菌进行血清分型及PFGE分析。结果 1 179份标本,共培养肠道病原菌330株,其中检出居前4位的肠道致病菌依次为志贺菌属93株(28.18%)、沙门菌属69株(20.91%)、副溶血性弧菌44株(13.33%)及致泻性大肠埃希菌11株(3.33%)。18株宋内志贺菌PFGE分为8个型别,聚类相似度接近88%;69株沙门菌属细菌分为18个血清型,共41种PFGE型别,其中山夫登堡沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌具有明显的优势带型;23株副溶血性弧菌PFGE型别较为分散。结论 3年间感染性腹泻患者致病菌的血清型和PFGE带型分布较为广泛,应注意沙门菌属和志贺菌属细菌的PFGE优势菌型,警惕其引发的感染性腹泻暴发流行。     

广东省2009年副溶血弧菌暴发与散发菌株的病原学特征分析

目的 了解2009年广东省副溶血弧菌食物中毒分离株和腹泻患者监测分离株的血清分型、毒力基因携带情况及分子特征.方法 对95株副溶血弧菌食物中毒分离株和15株腹泻患者分离株进行血清分型,耐热直接溶血素相关基因(trh)和耐热直接溶血素基因(tdh)PCR检测以及选取不同血清型副溶血弧菌81株进行脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分子分型.结果 从监测腹泻患者分离的15株副溶血弧菌,血清型以O3:K6(46.67％)和O4:K8(33.33％)为主;从11起副溶血弧菌食物中毒分离的95株菌,血清型以O3:K6(44.21％)和O4:K8(28.42％)居多;7株食品分离株都不是O3:K6血清型;93株(84.54％)为tdh+ trh-菌株,13株(11.81％)为tdh-trh菌株,3株(3.65％)为tdh+ trh+菌株.81株副溶血弧菌的PFGE相似值为57.7％～100.0％,被分为36种不同的PFGE型别,PFGE001型和029型为2009年广东省副溶血弧菌优势PFGE型别.结论 2009年广东省引起感染性腹泻和食物中毒的副溶血弧菌以O3:K6和O4:K8型为主要血清型,多数菌株携带tdh基因,存在优势PFGE型别菌株不断引起各地区的散发和暴发.     

长沙市沙门菌表型特征及PFGE分子分型研究

目的研究长沙市沙门菌的血清型分布、耐药特点及分子流行病学特征。方法对分离自长沙地区食源性疾病粪便标本及市售食品中的70株沙门菌,用玻片凝集试验确定血清型,微量肉汤稀释法检测14种抗生素的敏感性,脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）进行分子分型。结果鼠伤寒沙门菌为优势血清型,占51.43%,其次是肠炎沙门菌,占7.15%。在抗生素敏感性测试中,对氨苄青霉素、磺胺嘧啶和氯霉素的耐药率较高,分别为68.57%、61.43%和57.14%。62.86%（44/70）的沙门菌呈多重耐药,且鼠伤寒沙门菌的多重耐药率比其他血清型高（χ²=7.068,P≤0.01）,差别有统计学意义。PFGE分型结果显示69株沙门菌按照100%的相似度可分为57个PFGE型,36株鼠伤寒沙门菌可分为4个聚类,相似度在58.1%~100%之间。结论本市的沙门菌以鼠伤寒和肠炎沙门菌为主,PFGE分型结果显示可能存在沙门菌的流行株,且菌株耐药形势严峻。     

儿童感染性腹泻中沙门菌血清型及耐药性分析

目的探讨腹泻患儿感染沙门菌的血清型分布及耐药性。方法收集2017年1至12月在郑州大学附属儿童医院消化内科就诊的门诊及住院患儿腹泻粪便标本进行分离培养,对分离的沙门菌进行血清学分型和药物敏感试验。分析患儿腹泻季节性差异及不同血清型对抗菌药物的敏感性差异。结果在检测的2 037例标本中,分离到124株沙门菌,阳性率为6.09%;共检测有12种血清型,其中以肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌为主,分别占24.19%(30/124)和20.97%(26/124)。冬季沙门菌分离率最低(2.03%),夏季最高(7.83%),不同季节沙门菌分离率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.902,P <0.05)。沙门菌对三、四代头孢菌素的耐药率较高,其中头孢噻肟的耐药率高达31.45%、头孢他啶和头孢吡肟的耐药率均>20.00%,喹诺酮类抗生素中对左氧氟沙星耐药率为72.58%,环丙沙星耐药率高达93.55%。不同血清型对抗菌药物的耐药率不同,肠炎沙门菌对喹诺酮类抗菌药物耐药率高于其他沙门菌,而氨苄西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、氨苄西林/舒巴坦和派拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率均低于其他沙门菌。结论沙门菌血清群可被认为是儿童急性腹泻的重要病原体之一,引起感染性腹泻的沙门菌主要为肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌,各血清型沙门菌对抗菌药物的耐药性有所不同,头孢类抗菌药物仍可作为治疗儿童腹泻沙门菌感染的首选。     

脉冲场凝胶电泳技术对一起肠炎沙门菌疫情分子生物学分析

目的用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）技术对一起肠炎沙门菌暴发疫情进行病原菌分子特征、菌株之间的遗传相关性分析。方法对分离到的菌株进行PFGE分析,对菌株进行分子分型,以BioNumericsV4.0软件UPGMA方法进行聚类分析。结果食物中毒分离4株肠炎沙门菌以XbaI酶切后PFGE可分为同一型别。结论该次食物中毒的暴发为同一型肠炎沙门菌引起,可能有共同的传染来源。     

上海市闵行区鼠伤寒沙门菌病原学与PFGE分型研究

目的了解2015年-2017年闵行区腹泻病监测点鼠伤寒沙门菌的病原学及脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)特征。方法按照《上海市腹泻病综合监测实施方案》进行沙门菌分离鉴定;药物敏感试验采用纸片扩散法(K-B法);PFGE参照Pulse Net China沙门菌PFGE分子分型标准操作规程。结果鼠伤寒沙门菌在2015年-2017年检出率呈逐年增长趋势;鼠伤寒沙门菌对10种抗生素耐药率为四环素56.32%、萘啶酸31.03%、氯霉素20.69%、复方新诺明17.24%、头孢噻肟8.05%、头孢呋辛8.05%、庆大霉素5.75%、环丙沙星3.45%、头孢西丁1.15%、诺氟沙星1.15%,存在多重耐药。PFGE将87株鼠伤寒沙门菌分为62个带型,每个带型含1株~5株菌,分为A、B两大聚类,相似度为57.2%~100%。结论经过多种抗生素共同作用筛选得到的菌株成为鼠伤寒沙门菌扩散的主要来源,在PFGE优势克隆系中能体现。PFGE技术为聚集性病例的追踪溯源提供了分子生物学依据。     

Laboratory-based surveillance of non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in Guangdong Province, China

Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens in humans. Laboratory-based surveillance for non-typhoidal Salmonella infection was conducted in Guangdong Province, China to improve understanding about the disease burden and detection of dispersed outbreaks. Salmonella isolated from patients with diarrhea were sent from 16 sentinel hospitals to local public health laboratories for confirmation, serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE patterns were analyzed to identify clusters representing potential outbreaks. Between September 2009 and October 2010, 352 (4%) Salmonella isolates were obtained from 9167 stool specimens. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (45%) and Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (13%) were the most common serotypes, and multidrug resistance was high, especially in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates. PFGE patterns of obtained Salmonella isolates were found to be diverse, but a unique PFGE pattern comprising 53 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were found to occur almost exclusively in infants. Epidemiologic studies are ongoing to determine whether a common exposure is the source of the Salmonella Typhimurium strain frequently isolated from infants.     

达州市2007-2010年沙门菌监测结果分析

目的掌握达州市腹泻病例中的沙门菌感染率和菌型分布,提高腹泻病例和暴发疫情的实验室检测能力。方法从监测点腹泻病例粪便（或肛拭法）中分离沙门菌并进行生物学鉴定。结果4年共监测腹泻1291例,检出沙门菌52株8个血清型,总感染率为4．03％。临床就诊和暴发疫情腹泻病例沙门菌感染率分别为1．24％和23．60％。检出肠炎和鼠伤寒沙门菌各15株和10株,分别引起腹泻暴发疫情7宗和4宗,是我市流行的主要沙门菌血清型和腹泻暴发疫情的主要致病菌,凉拌菜和卤肉制品是腹泻暴发的高危食品。结论达州市流行的沙门菌血清型别众多,做好沙门菌监测对提高腹泻爆发疫情的应急反应具有十分重要的现实意义。严格生熟操作分开,防止烹调后食品的再次污染是减少食物中毒发生的重要措施之一。