中国成年人高血压患病区域聚集性及危险因素的多水平模型分析

Objective To analyze the region cluster and risk factors of hypertension in the Chinese adult population and to explore the application of multilevel regression model in the risk factors of hypertension. Methods Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to choose 15 540 individuals aged 35-74 years from 10 regions in China. Two-level logistic regression models were fitted under MLwiN 2.02 software. Results The region cluster of hypertension existed and variance portion coefficient was 3.1%. After adjusting for the age and gender, overall obese people (BMI≥28 kg/m2) were 4.50(95%CI: 4.00-5.06) times, overweight people (BMI=24-27.9 kg/m2) were 2.26 (95%CI: 2.07-2.46) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and those centrally obesive people (Waist circumference≥85 cm in male or 80 cm in female) were 2.62 (95%CI: 2.42-2.83) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal WC. The age-and gender-adjusted odds ratios (Ors) of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and drinking alcohol were 2.10 (95% CI: 1.89-2.33) , 2.08 (95% CI: 1.84-2.35) , 1.85 (95% CI: 1.60-2.14) , 1.58 (95% CI: 1.38-1.81), 1.49(95%CI: 1.32-1.69) and 1.15(95%CI: 1.05-1.27), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was not only affected by individual risk factors, such as obesity, drinking alcohol, abnormal glucose and serum lipids profile, but also affected by the geographic environment where people resided in. Population-and risk factors targeted strategies, proved a promising way to reduce individual risk of hypertension in the primary prevention of hypertension.     

中国成年人高血压患病区域聚集性及危险因素的多水平模型分析

Objective To analyze the region cluster and risk factors of hypertension in the Chinese adult population and to explore the application of multilevel regression model in the risk factors of hypertension. Methods Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to choose 15 540 individuals aged 35-74 years from 10 regions in China. Two-level logistic regression models were fitted under MLwiN 2.02 software. Results The region cluster of hypertension existed and variance portion coefficient was 3.1%. After adjusting for the age and gender, overall obese people (BMI≥28 kg/m2) were 4.50(95%CI: 4.00-5.06) times, overweight people (BMI=24-27.9 kg/m2) were 2.26 (95%CI: 2.07-2.46) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and those centrally obesive people (Waist circumference≥85 cm in male or 80 cm in female) were 2.62 (95%CI: 2.42-2.83) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal WC. The age-and gender-adjusted odds ratios (Ors) of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and drinking alcohol were 2.10 (95% CI: 1.89-2.33) , 2.08 (95% CI: 1.84-2.35) , 1.85 (95% CI: 1.60-2.14) , 1.58 (95% CI: 1.38-1.81), 1.49(95%CI: 1.32-1.69) and 1.15(95%CI: 1.05-1.27), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was not only affected by individual risk factors, such as obesity, drinking alcohol, abnormal glucose and serum lipids profile, but also affected by the geographic environment where people resided in. Population-and risk factors targeted strategies, proved a promising way to reduce individual risk of hypertension in the primary prevention of hypertension.     

中国成年人高血压患病区域聚集性及危险因素的多水平模型分析

Objective To analyze the region cluster and risk factors of hypertension in the Chinese adult population and to explore the application of multilevel regression model in the risk factors of hypertension. Methods Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to choose 15 540 individuals aged 35-74 years from 10 regions in China. Two-level logistic regression models were fitted under MLwiN 2.02 software. Results The region cluster of hypertension existed and variance portion coefficient was 3.1%. After adjusting for the age and gender, overall obese people (BMI≥28 kg/m2) were 4.50(95%CI: 4.00-5.06) times, overweight people (BMI=24-27.9 kg/m2) were 2.26 (95%CI: 2.07-2.46) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and those centrally obesive people (Waist circumference≥85 cm in male or 80 cm in female) were 2.62 (95%CI: 2.42-2.83) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal WC. The age-and gender-adjusted odds ratios (Ors) of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and drinking alcohol were 2.10 (95% CI: 1.89-2.33) , 2.08 (95% CI: 1.84-2.35) , 1.85 (95% CI: 1.60-2.14) , 1.58 (95% CI: 1.38-1.81), 1.49(95%CI: 1.32-1.69) and 1.15(95%CI: 1.05-1.27), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was not only affected by individual risk factors, such as obesity, drinking alcohol, abnormal glucose and serum lipids profile, but also affected by the geographic environment where people resided in. Population-and risk factors targeted strategies, proved a promising way to reduce individual risk of hypertension in the primary prevention of hypertension.     

中国成年人高血压患病区域聚集性及危险因素的多水平模型分析

Objective To analyze the region cluster and risk factors of hypertension in the Chinese adult population and to explore the application of multilevel regression model in the risk factors of hypertension. Methods Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to choose 15 540 individuals aged 35-74 years from 10 regions in China. Two-level logistic regression models were fitted under MLwiN 2.02 software. Results The region cluster of hypertension existed and variance portion coefficient was 3.1%. After adjusting for the age and gender, overall obese people (BMI≥28 kg/m2) were 4.50(95%CI: 4.00-5.06) times, overweight people (BMI=24-27.9 kg/m2) were 2.26 (95%CI: 2.07-2.46) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and those centrally obesive people (Waist circumference≥85 cm in male or 80 cm in female) were 2.62 (95%CI: 2.42-2.83) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal WC. The age-and gender-adjusted odds ratios (Ors) of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and drinking alcohol were 2.10 (95% CI: 1.89-2.33) , 2.08 (95% CI: 1.84-2.35) , 1.85 (95% CI: 1.60-2.14) , 1.58 (95% CI: 1.38-1.81), 1.49(95%CI: 1.32-1.69) and 1.15(95%CI: 1.05-1.27), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was not only affected by individual risk factors, such as obesity, drinking alcohol, abnormal glucose and serum lipids profile, but also affected by the geographic environment where people resided in. Population-and risk factors targeted strategies, proved a promising way to reduce individual risk of hypertension in the primary prevention of hypertension.     

中国成年人高血压患病区域聚集性及危险因素的多水平模型分析

Objective To analyze the region cluster and risk factors of hypertension in the Chinese adult population and to explore the application of multilevel regression model in the risk factors of hypertension. Methods Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to choose 15 540 individuals aged 35-74 years from 10 regions in China. Two-level logistic regression models were fitted under MLwiN 2.02 software. Results The region cluster of hypertension existed and variance portion coefficient was 3.1%. After adjusting for the age and gender, overall obese people (BMI≥28 kg/m2) were 4.50(95%CI: 4.00-5.06) times, overweight people (BMI=24-27.9 kg/m2) were 2.26 (95%CI: 2.07-2.46) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and those centrally obesive people (Waist circumference≥85 cm in male or 80 cm in female) were 2.62 (95%CI: 2.42-2.83) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal WC. The age-and gender-adjusted odds ratios (Ors) of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and drinking alcohol were 2.10 (95% CI: 1.89-2.33) , 2.08 (95% CI: 1.84-2.35) , 1.85 (95% CI: 1.60-2.14) , 1.58 (95% CI: 1.38-1.81), 1.49(95%CI: 1.32-1.69) and 1.15(95%CI: 1.05-1.27), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was not only affected by individual risk factors, such as obesity, drinking alcohol, abnormal glucose and serum lipids profile, but also affected by the geographic environment where people resided in. Population-and risk factors targeted strategies, proved a promising way to reduce individual risk of hypertension in the primary prevention of hypertension.     

中国成年人高血压患病区域聚集性及危险因素的多水平模型分析

Objective To analyze the region cluster and risk factors of hypertension in the Chinese adult population and to explore the application of multilevel regression model in the risk factors of hypertension. Methods Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to choose 15 540 individuals aged 35-74 years from 10 regions in China. Two-level logistic regression models were fitted under MLwiN 2.02 software. Results The region cluster of hypertension existed and variance portion coefficient was 3.1%. After adjusting for the age and gender, overall obese people (BMI≥28 kg/m2) were 4.50(95%CI: 4.00-5.06) times, overweight people (BMI=24-27.9 kg/m2) were 2.26 (95%CI: 2.07-2.46) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and those centrally obesive people (Waist circumference≥85 cm in male or 80 cm in female) were 2.62 (95%CI: 2.42-2.83) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal WC. The age-and gender-adjusted odds ratios (Ors) of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and drinking alcohol were 2.10 (95% CI: 1.89-2.33) , 2.08 (95% CI: 1.84-2.35) , 1.85 (95% CI: 1.60-2.14) , 1.58 (95% CI: 1.38-1.81), 1.49(95%CI: 1.32-1.69) and 1.15(95%CI: 1.05-1.27), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was not only affected by individual risk factors, such as obesity, drinking alcohol, abnormal glucose and serum lipids profile, but also affected by the geographic environment where people resided in. Population-and risk factors targeted strategies, proved a promising way to reduce individual risk of hypertension in the primary prevention of hypertension.     

中国成年人高血压患病区域聚集性及危险因素的多水平模型分析

Objective To analyze the region cluster and risk factors of hypertension in the Chinese adult population and to explore the application of multilevel regression model in the risk factors of hypertension. Methods Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to choose 15 540 individuals aged 35-74 years from 10 regions in China. Two-level logistic regression models were fitted under MLwiN 2.02 software. Results The region cluster of hypertension existed and variance portion coefficient was 3.1%. After adjusting for the age and gender, overall obese people (BMI≥28 kg/m2) were 4.50(95%CI: 4.00-5.06) times, overweight people (BMI=24-27.9 kg/m2) were 2.26 (95%CI: 2.07-2.46) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and those centrally obesive people (Waist circumference≥85 cm in male or 80 cm in female) were 2.62 (95%CI: 2.42-2.83) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal WC. The age-and gender-adjusted odds ratios (Ors) of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and drinking alcohol were 2.10 (95% CI: 1.89-2.33) , 2.08 (95% CI: 1.84-2.35) , 1.85 (95% CI: 1.60-2.14) , 1.58 (95% CI: 1.38-1.81), 1.49(95%CI: 1.32-1.69) and 1.15(95%CI: 1.05-1.27), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was not only affected by individual risk factors, such as obesity, drinking alcohol, abnormal glucose and serum lipids profile, but also affected by the geographic environment where people resided in. Population-and risk factors targeted strategies, proved a promising way to reduce individual risk of hypertension in the primary prevention of hypertension.     

中国成年人高血压患病区域聚集性及危险因素的多水平模型分析

Objective To analyze the region cluster and risk factors of hypertension in the Chinese adult population and to explore the application of multilevel regression model in the risk factors of hypertension. Methods Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to choose 15 540 individuals aged 35-74 years from 10 regions in China. Two-level logistic regression models were fitted under MLwiN 2.02 software. Results The region cluster of hypertension existed and variance portion coefficient was 3.1%. After adjusting for the age and gender, overall obese people (BMI≥28 kg/m2) were 4.50(95%CI: 4.00-5.06) times, overweight people (BMI=24-27.9 kg/m2) were 2.26 (95%CI: 2.07-2.46) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and those centrally obesive people (Waist circumference≥85 cm in male or 80 cm in female) were 2.62 (95%CI: 2.42-2.83) times more likely to be hypertensive as compared with those of normal WC. The age-and gender-adjusted odds ratios (Ors) of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol (TC), glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and drinking alcohol were 2.10 (95% CI: 1.89-2.33) , 2.08 (95% CI: 1.84-2.35) , 1.85 (95% CI: 1.60-2.14) , 1.58 (95% CI: 1.38-1.81), 1.49(95%CI: 1.32-1.69) and 1.15(95%CI: 1.05-1.27), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension was not only affected by individual risk factors, such as obesity, drinking alcohol, abnormal glucose and serum lipids profile, but also affected by the geographic environment where people resided in. Population-and risk factors targeted strategies, proved a promising way to reduce individual risk of hypertension in the primary prevention of hypertension.     

Influencing factors of post stroke cognitive impairment in patients with acute ischemic stroke and their correlation with cognitive scoresCSCD

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of post stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and their correlation with cognitive scores in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods In this cross‑section study, 36 patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke and post stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) admitted to the Department of Vascular Neurology of Beijing Tiantian Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from June 1, 2022 to September 30, 2022 were selected as the PSCI group. And one to one matching was performed for patients without PSCI (PSNCI group) with an age±1 year and same gender admitted to the hospital during the same period (as control, 36 cases). Basic clinical data of the two groups were collected, the laboratory and imaging examinations were completed. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) were used for cognitive evaluation by neuropsychologists. Hypothesis testing was used to compare the differences in basic data, laboratory tests and lesion sites between the two groups. Multi‑factor conditional logistic regression was performed to analyze the influencing factors of PSCI, and Spearman correlation analysis was carried out to analyze the correlation between influencing factors of PSCI and the cognitive scores. Results Compared with those in PSNCI group, the proportion of patients with stroke/transient ischemic attack history, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), apolipoprotein E(ApoE) ε4 carriers and the ratio of temporal lobe and thalamus infarction were higher in PSCI group (41.7% vs 13.9%, 36.1% vs 2.8%, 30.6% vs 5.6%, 22.3% vs 2.8%, 25.0% vs 5.6%), the MMSE and MoCA scores were lower in PSCI group [16.50 (8.25, 19.00) vs 28.00 (27.00, 30.00), 10.00 (4.25, 14.50) vs 27.00 (25.00, 28.00)] (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that HHcy was a positive correlation factor for PSCI (OR=2.342, 95%CI= 1.186-4.622, P=0.014). Spearman correlation analysis showed that MMSE (r=-0.415) and MoCA (r= -0.417) scores were negatively correlated with homocysteine (Hcy) (both P<0.05). Conclusion HHcy is an important factor affecting the occurrence and development of PSCI in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and Hcy level is negatively correlated with cognitive scores in those patients. © 2022 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd     

太原市社区老年人轻度认知功能障碍向阿尔茨海默病转归三年随访研究

目的 探讨太原市社区轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)老年人向阿尔茨海默病(AD)的转归率,并分析影响因素.方法 从太原市9个社区6152名≥65岁老年人中筛查出600例MCI,实际随访557例,从认知正常(NC)中选择557名与MCI相匹配的老年人进行配对,对MCI组和NC组进行3年随访研究.采用自制问卷面对面调查MCI组的一般人口学资料、生活行为方式、慢性病史、主观感受等,采用16PF调查MCI的人格特征,静脉血采样进行实验室遗传基因学分析,对NC组老年人进行电话访问以得到疾病结局和发病时间.用SPSS 13.0软件进行数据录入及分析,统计学方法采用log-rank检验和Cox回归.结果 MCI组老年人向AD的平均年转归率为6.53%人年.NC组老年人向AD的平均年转归率为1.24%人年,MCI组发生AD的危险性是NC组的5.27倍(95%CI:3.01～9.82).Cox回归分析结果显示,高龄(RR=3.14,95%CI:2.98～7.46)、患高血压(RR=3.28,95%CI:3.02～8.48)、高血脂(RR=2.22,95%CI:1.29～3.82)、糖尿病(RR=4.87,95%CI:2.56～9.25)、较少运动(RR=2.02,95%CI:1.29～3.14)、焦虑(RR=4.46,95%CI:3.07～8.14)、害怕(RR=4.08,95%CI:3.52～5.25)、非乐群型(RR=1.89,95%CI:1.13～3.16)、焦虑人格(RR=5.07,95%CI:2.56～10.04)、性格内向(RR=2.05,95%CI:1.33～3.15)、携带ApoE4(RR=1.73,95%CI:1.15～2.63)是MCI转归为AD的危险因素,文化程度高(RR=0.29,95%CI:0.07～0.43)、脑力劳动(RR=0.14,95%CI:0.05～0.32)、常读书看报(RR=0.30,95%CI:0.15～0.58)、常参加活动(RR=0.41,95%CI:0.23～0.75)是MCI转归为AD的保护因素.结论 患有MCI的老年人更易发展为AD,应长期监测.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the incidence rate of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) which transferred to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to study the related influencing factors. Methods 600 MCI aged people were experienced screening test which was conducted by WHO-BCA, MMSE and DCR. A three-year follow-up study was conducted to get the information on the aged people with MCI. Data related to demography, behavior, chronic diseases and perception of the elderly with MCI were collected through face to face interview. Characteristics of the elderly with MCI aged people were tested by 16PF. The content of Apoe was tested by PCR.People with NC were investigated by telephone to get the progression and the time to AD.Methodologies on statistics were log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results The incidence rate of MCI to AD was 6.53% person-years. The incidence rate of the normal people to AD was 1.24% person-years. The hazard of MCI to AD was 5.27 times (95%CI: 3.01-9.82)of the normal people to AD. The result of Cox proportional hazards regression model displayed that: older age (RR=3.14, 95% CI: 2.98-7.46) , hypertension (RR=3.28, 95% CI: 3.02-8.48) ,hyperlipermia (RR = 2.22,95%CI: 1.29-3.82), diabetes (RR=4.87,95%CI: 2.56-9.25), lack of sports (RR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.29-3.14), anxiety (RR=4.46, 95%CI: 3.07-8.14), dread fulness (RR=4.08,95% CI: 3.52-5.25), loneliness (RR= 1.89,95% CI: 1.13-3.16), characteristics of anxiety (RR= 5.07,95%CI: 2.56-10.04, introvert characteristics (RR=2.05,95%CI: 1.33-3.15) and ApoE4 (RR= 1.73,95% CI: 1.15-2.63) were the risk factors of MCI to AD. Higher education (RR=0.29, 95% CI:0.07-0.43), intellectual work(RR=0.14,95%CI: 0.05-0.32), often reading books(RR=0.30,95%CI:0.15-0.58), often taking part in recreational activities (RR=0.41,95%CI: 0.23-0.75) seemed to be the protective of MCI to AD. Conclusion The rate of the elderly with MCI that developing to AD was high, suggesting further study on the cognitive situation among the MCI aged people should be carried out.     

Smoking predicts long-term mortality in stroke: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk prospective population study

BACKGROUND.: While the relationship between risk factors and stroke is well established, there is less information about the risk factors and survival after stroke. We examined the independent association between cardiovascular and modifiable lifestyle risk factors and subsequent mortality in people with stroke. METHODS.: 308 free-living men and women with stroke at baseline survey in 1993-1997 participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk were followed up for long-term mortality (average follow-up 7.5 years). Using Cox's proportional hazards model, we assessed the relationships between an individual's age, sex, cardiovascular risk profile including systolic blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol, history of diabetes and lifestyle behaviors smoking and alcohol consumption and subsequent mortality up to July 2004. RESULTS.: There were a total of 100 deaths during follow-up (total person years = 2318). Advancing age (RR 1.72, 95%CI: 1.42, 2.09) and current smoking (RR 2.27, 95%CI: 1.12, 4.57) predicted higher risk while female sex was associated with reduced risk (RR 0.51, 95%CI; 0.31, 0.84) of subsequent mortality after stroke independently of other risk factors investigated. CONCLUSIONS.: Our findings may provide further empirical encouragement for smoking cessation after stroke.     

幽门螺杆菌感染与C-反应蛋白升高的联合作用与缺血性脑卒中预后的关系

  目的  探讨幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori，HP)感染与C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein，CRP)升高的联合作用与急性缺血性脑卒中3个月不良预后的关系。  方法  采用前瞻性队列研究，从国内14家医院纳入缺血性脑卒中病例1 110例，检测入院时血清幽门螺杆菌免疫球蛋白G(helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G，HP-IgG)水平及CRP水平，不良预后定义为发病3个月后的死亡或复合结局(死亡或心血管事件)。根据HP-IgG及CRP是否升高，将所有患者分为四组，:G1为低水平HP-IgG+低水平CRP组，G2为低水平HP-IgG+CRP升高组，G3为HP-IgG升高+低水平CRP组，G4为HP-IgG升高+CRP升高组。采用COX回归方法分析HP-IgG升高和CRP升高的联合作用与不良预后的关系。  结果  对HP-IgG升高及CRP升高的联合作用分析发现，多因素调整后，与G1(低水平HP-IgG+低水平CRP)患者相比，G4(HP-IgG升高+CRP升高)患者3个月的死亡风险为G1的13.45倍(95%CI:2.83~63.94，P=0.001)，发生复合结局的风险为G1的3.97倍(95%CI:1.79~8.82，P < 0.001)。  结论  HP感染与CRP升高的联合作用与脑卒中发病3个月后不良预后有关。     

脑卒中复发影响因素分析及函数预测模型

目的 研究脑卒中复发危险因素并建立复发函数预测模型。方法 用Life—table法和Kaplan—Meier法对随访资料进行生存分析，采用COX比例风险模型进行因素分析。建立复发函数预测模型及复发判别函数，并对资料进行回代检验。结果 年龄、主要病史、病情严重程度、出院状态、有无后遗症、是否锻炼以及社会心理因素都是影响患者复发的主要因素。复发模型为：h(t，X)＝h0(t)exp(一0．9093X1十1．5247X2十0．2019X3十1．1931X4)；复发判别函数为：Y(1)＝一3．9367十2．1706X1十4．2893X2十0．9735X3十2．8313X4。结论 影响脑卒中复发的因素不但包括发病情况，而且还包括病后康复和社会心理因素。为了减少脑卒中复发，在积极进行治疗的同时，也要大力加强康复和社会支持力度。     

福建省牙龈癌患者预后风险预测模型的构建

  目的  探讨福建地区牙龈癌患者预后影响因素并构建预后风险预测模型。  方法  收集福建医科大学附属第一医院口腔颌面外科2005年1月―2017年6月经病理确诊的牙龈癌患者共198例,对其进行随访。利用多因素COX回归分析模型分析计算死亡风险比值（hazard rate,HR）及其95%置信区间（95% confidence interval,95% CI）,筛出牙龈癌患者预后的影响因素,并基于β系数构建每个个体的预后指数（prognostic index,PI）。运用X-tile软件确定PI的最佳截断点,并根据最佳截断点把研究对象分成低、中、高危组。  结果  在牙龈癌患者中,年龄≥60岁（HR=1.668,95% CI:1.002~2.777,P=0.049）,有复发转移（HR=3.996,95% CI:2.295~6.959,P < 0.001）的患者预后更差;临床Ⅳ期与临床Ⅰ期相比预后更差（HR=3.002,95% CI:1.134~7.947,P=0.027）;经手术治疗的患者与未经手术治疗的相比预后更好（HR=0.246,95% CI:0.118~0.511,P < 0.001）。此外,构建的PI预后预测模型预测性能良好（AIC=611.605,C-index=0.747,AUC=0.765）。  结论  本研究发现年龄（≥60岁）、临床分期高、未进行手术治疗及存在复发转移均是影响牙龈癌患者预后的危险因素,且构建的PI预后预测模型能够较好的预测患者预后。     

中国成年人体质指数和腰围与高血压关系的四年随访研究

目的探讨中国成年人体质指数(BMI)和腰围(WC)的增加与高血压发病危险的关系。方法利用“中国居民健康与营养调查”资料,以4552例18~60岁参加2000年调查、当时无高血压等慢性病并且2004年调查被随访到者为研究对象,考察基线BMI和WC对高血压的预测作用,以及BMI和WC4年间的变化与高血压发病之间的关系。结果男性和女性随访4年高血压发病率分别为20.01%和13.52%。随着基线肥胖程度的增加,高血压的发病危险增加。与BMI和WC均不肥胖者相比,BMI超重/肥胖并且WC肥胖者发生高血压的危险最高(男性,RR=2.840,95%CI:2.139~3.771;女性,RR=2.734,95%CI:2.050~3.647)。调整了其它协变量后,4年中BMI每增加一个单位,男性和女性患高血压的危险分别增加0.141和0.109倍;WC每增加1cm,男性和女性患高血压的危险分别增加0.038和0.035倍。结论体质指数和腰围的增加均能增加高血压发病的危险,体质指数和腰围联合使用可增强对高血压发病的预测作用。     

Association between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Depression after Ischemic Stroke

Background: Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes after stroke. However, the association between malnutrition and post-stroke depression (PSD) remains unelucidated. We aimed to explore the association between geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and depression after ischemic stroke. Methods: In total, 344 patients with ischemic stroke were included in this analysis. The GNRI was calculated from serum albumin level, weight, and height at admission. Malnutrition was defined using the GNRI cutoff points. A lower GNRI score indicates an elevated nutritional risk. The outcome was depression, measured 14 days after ischemic stroke. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between the GNRI and risk of PSD. Results: A total of 22.9% developed PSD 14 days after stroke. The mean GNRI was 99.3 ± 6.0, and 53.8% of the patients had malnutrition. After adjusting for covariates, baseline malnutrition was not associated with risk of PSD (OR, 0.670; 95%CI, 0.370–1.213; p = 0.186). The restricted cubic splines revealed a U-shaped association between the GNRI and PSD. Compared to moderate GNRI, higher GNRI (OR, 2.368; 95%CI, 0.983–5.701; p = 0.085) or lower GNRI (OR, 2.226; 95%CI, 0.890–5.563; p = 0.087) did not significantly increase the risk of PSD. Conclusion: A low GNRI was not associated with an increased risk of depression after ischemic stroke.     

617例缺血型脑卒中患者生存率及死亡影响因素的回顾性研究

目的对住院缺血型脑卒中患者进行随访,描述患者病后生存状况,并分析影响死亡的危险因素。方法回顾性收集2002年1月至2005年6月第四军医大学西京医院神经内科确诊的617例连续性缺血型脑卒中病例,采用电话、信访等方式随访患者的生存状况及死亡原因,2006年1月完成随访工作。应用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存率分析,采用Cox比例风险回归模型对影响患者死亡的危险因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果随访时间最长47个月,失访59例（9．5%）。随访期间死亡80例,其中缺血型脑卒中60例,脑出血3例,心脏病10例,其他死因7例,中位生存时间42．16月。患者1、2、3年生存率分别为91．9%、89．4%、85．3%。单因素及多因素Cox比例风险模型显示,影响缺血型脑卒中患者死亡的主要危险因素有：高龄（RR=1．043,95%CI：1．013～1．074）, Glasgow评分低（RR=O．855,95%CI：0．742～0．985）,意识水平差（RR=4．085,95%CI：2．128～7．844）和存在并发症（RR=1．765,95%CI：1．108～2．812）。结论高龄、Glasgow评分低、意识水平差和存在并发症是缺血型脑卒中患者死亡的主要危险因素。     

妇女既往孕次及产次对新生儿出生体重影响的队列研究

目的 探讨妇女既往孕次及产次对新生儿出生体重的影响。方法 基于东莞市免费婚前健康检查和孕前优生健康检查项目,获取受检对象检查结果,追踪随访获取其妊娠结局情况。采用无序多分类logistic回归探讨妇女既往孕次及产次与小于胎龄儿（SGA）、大于胎龄儿（LGA）、低体重出生儿（LBWI）及巨大儿发生率的关系。结果 共有17 783名对象参与;调整相关混杂因素后,妇女既往孕次＞1次是分娩LGA（RR = 1.59,95%CI:1.36～1.85）和巨大儿（RR = 1.87,95%CI:1.49～2.35）的危险因素,但可降低分娩SGA（RR = 0.70,95%CI:0.60～0.81）和LBWI（RR = 0.73,95%CI:0.60～0.89）的风险;妇女既往产次＞1次增加分娩LGA（RR = 1.74,95%CI:1.40～2.17）和巨大儿（RR = 1.98,95%CI:1.45～2.71）的风险,但可降低分娩SGA（RR = 0.70,95%CI:0.54～0.90）和LBWI（RR = 0.63,95%CI:0.44～0.91）的风险。结论 妇女既往孕次、产次对新生儿出生体重有影响,应做好产前保健和健康教育工作。     

缺血性脑卒中复发相关因素的探讨

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中复发的相关因素。方法选择初发缺血性脑卒中患者150例,随访1年,填写调查问卷。结果男性复发率显著高于女性（P=0．003）。家族有脑卒中史组脑卒中复发率为33．33％,无家族史组复发率为15．55％（P=0．001）。脑卒中并高脂血症（P=0．000）或糖尿病（P=0．004）患者脑卒中的复发率明显升高。随着尿蛋白（P=0．02）及尿酮体（P=0．04）的增加脑卒中的复发率也增加。心电图异常结果与脑卒中的复发关系显著（P=0．005）。Cox回归模型进行多因素分析,男性及有糖尿病史和尿蛋白阳性可能为脑卒中复发的危险因素。结论男性、家族史、高脂血症、糖尿病、尿蛋白、尿酮体及心电图异常是缺血性脑卒中复发的主要影响因素。