《暴力流行病学》出版消息

王声湧教授和林汉生教授主编的《暴力流行病学》由人民卫生出版社出版。这是以暴力为主题的教科书在医药卫生部门的首次问世,也是全球第一部论述暴力的流行病学。《暴力流行病学》是继《伤害流行病学》和《伤害流行病学现场研究方法》之后,人民卫生出版社实现了王声湧教授“伤害和暴力控制三部曲”的宏愿,为我国伤害预防控制学科的发展发挥了导向性作用。     

《暴力流行病学》出版消息

王声湧教授和林汉生教授主编的《暴力流行病学》由人民卫生出版社出版。这是以暴力为主题的教科书在医药卫生部门的首次问世,也是全球第一部论述暴力的流行病学。《暴力流行病学》是继《伤害流行病学》和《伤害流行病学现场研究方法》之后,人民卫生出版社实现了王声湧教授“伤害和暴力控制三部曲”的宏愿,为我国伤害预防控制学科的发展发挥了导向性作用。     

大学生伤害的现状与防治

20世纪80年代中期,安徽医科大学和同济医科大学首先在国内开展交通事故流行病学研究.1995年王声湧发表了"车祸流行病学"[1],1997年吴系科教授发表了"流行病学新分支--伤害流行病学"[2],为了促进伤害研究,国内先后召开了有关交通医学及意外伤害事故多起学术会议,为我国的伤害研究起到了极大的推动作用.     

中华预防医学会伤害预防与控制分会成立大会纪要

由王克安、魏承毓、吴系科、曾光和王声湧5位教授所倡议并联名申请的“中华预防医学会伤害预防与控制分会”于2005年2月1日获中华人民共和国民政部审查批准登记成立（民社登[2005]第096号）.     

中华预防医学会伤害预防与控制分会成立大会纪要

由王克安、魏承毓、吴系科、曾光和王声湧5位教授所倡议并联名申请的“中华预防医学会伤害预防与控制分会”于2005年2月1日获中华人民共和国民政部审查批准登记成立（民社登[2005]第096号）.中华预防医学会于2005年4月30日下达“关于民政部准于伤害预防与控制等8个分支机构登记的通知”（预会发[2005]070号）.     

本期导读

正校园欺凌和暴力事件已经引起了社会各界的关注。本期特邀请暨南大学医学院流行病学教研室王声湧教授指导广东省东莞市第五人民医院赵一菊主任医师撰写述评《预防为主遏制校园欺凌和暴力事件》,从我国现行防控校园欺凌的法规与政策入手,详细介绍了该类事件处理的主导思想以及在教育、督导、管理等环节中的重点工作,提出了通过"及早发现制止、防患于未然"和以立法执法来完善校园欺凌和暴力事件的防控体系。可以为有关部门所参考。     

《伤害流行病学现场研究方法》出版发行

由王声湧教授和林汉生副教授主编的《伤害流行病学现场研究方法》一书，已在近日由人民卫生出版社出版发行，全书共57．8万字，每册定价是43元。本书编写的宗旨是：重在实用，贵在评价，每一章在介绍具体方法中侧重于怎么应用和应用时注意什么，不仅方便读者使用，而且说明其实际应用价值和如何评价。目的在于帮助读者在实践中自我提高，     

生物医学美容产品与技术行业标准

<正> 伴随着生物技术在美容领域的广泛应用,我国生物医学美容行业逐步走向成熟,我国生物类医学美容产品已经成为我国美容市场的主流产品,并保持着平均每年13％的较快增长速度。 2003年7月18日,首届以“生物医学美容产品与技术行业标准讨论”为主题的中国医药生物技术协会生物医学美容学术年会在暨南大学召开。 中国医药生物技术协会生物医学美容专业委员会秘书长、暨南大学医药生物技术研究开发中心主任李校望教授介绍将基因工程技术应用于整形及美容护肤方面,可以发挥神奇的效果。利用DNA重组技术,可以将一些在     

广东省医院协会科教管理专业委员会2016年学术年会顺利召开

<正>2017年1月7日,广东省医院协会科教管理专业委员会2016年学术年会在惠州市龙门暨南大学附属第一医院富力养生谷分院顺利召开。来自全省各级医院主管科教工作的领导和代表近150人参加了此次年会。大会围绕医教研产协同创新、推动临床重点专科和医疗高地建设邀请了国内权威专家开展深入探讨,大会由暨南大学附属第一医院承办,暨南大学附属第一医院富力养生谷分院协办,大会秘书长,暨大附属第一医院林绍强教授团队具体组     

大学生伤害的现状与防治

20世纪80年代中期,安徽医科大学和同济医科大学首先在国内开展交通事故流行病学研究。1995年王声湧发表了“车祸流行病学”[1],1997年吴系科教授发表了“流行病学新分支——伤害流行病学”[2],为了促进伤害研究,国内先后召开了有关交通医学及意外伤害事故多起学术会议,为我国的伤害研究起到了极大的推动作用。我国伤害死亡率为36·80/10万~76·70/10万,分别居城乡人群全死因的第4、5位,城市人群的前3位伤害死因为机动车交通事故、自杀和意外跌落[3]。深圳市居民伤害标化发生率为7·07%,居前3位是交通伤、跌倒伤及碰撞伤,伤害的标化死亡率为5…     

复杂网络模型在传染病预防控制中的应用

为探讨复杂网络模型在传染病预防控制中的应用,根据复杂网络的基本属性,利用网络模型和常用软件分析传染病传播过程.相对于传统的流行病学方法,复杂网络的理论不仅能描述传染病动态传播过程,也能进行传染病预测.通过复杂网络的理论来研究疾病的传播,能深入理解到网络的拓扑结构对疾病传播有重要影响,从而找到控制疾病传播的更有效的方法.     

手足口病传播动力学模型的研究进展

手足口病是由多种肠道病毒引起的常见儿童传染病, 我国是全球手足口病报告发病、死亡最多的国家。掌握手足口病的流行规律, 可为防控措施的有效制定提供针对性的科学依据。传播动力学模型着眼于传染病的传播机制, 可通过增减、细分仓室来模拟真实情景开展疾病的流行规律研究, 灵活度较高, 受到研究者们的关注。为了更有效地开展手足口病的动力学模型研究, 全面了解该领域的相关研究进展是必要的。本文基于研究目的的不同对动力学模型的研究进展进行分类总结。回顾发现, 现在的文献多是使用SIR动力学模型或其扩展模型(如SEIR模型), 较少含有复杂的因素仓室, 研究或通过对某区域的手足口病数据拟合以获得某些重要流行病学参数(如基本再生数);或对不同干预场景进行模拟, 评估措施效果;或进行预测, 揭示未来流行趋势;也有一些文章考虑了模型中参数的影响因素, 尚无动力学模型同时考虑年龄结构、人口流动、季节性与周期性、疫苗接种等因素。     

Combating infectious disease using mathematical modelling

When determining interventions against threatening infectious diseases such as HIV-infection, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), smallpox and pandemic influenza, the use of mathematical models of the spread of infectious diseases is becoming increasingly popular. These models contribute to the structuring of the knowledge already available in various disciplines, to finding epidemiological connnections, to demonstrating lacunas within the pool of knowledge and to the comparison of the expected effects and costs of preventative and intervention measures. The use of models leads to a 'made-to-measure' analysis ofthe effects and costs of preventative and intervention measures which takes account of the specific characteristics of infectious diseases. The integration of knowledge from various disciplines can be supported by more research into the theoretical epidemiology of infectious disease and by better integration of mathematical models into policy development. The resulting and better foundations of this policy that are achieved by means of infectious disease modelling translate into more effective combating of infectious disease.     

Meeting the challenge of epidemic infectious disease outbreaks: an agenda for research

Challenges arising from epidemic infectious disease outbreaks can be more effectively met if traditional public health is enhanced by sociology. The focus is normally on biomedical aspects, the surveillance and sentinel systems for infectious diseases, and what needs to be done to bring outbreaks under control quickly. Social factors associated with infectious disease outbreaks are often neglected and the aftermath is ignored. These factors can affect outbreak severity, its rate and extent of spread, influencing the welfare of victims, their families, and their communities. We propose an agenda for research to meet the challenges of infectious disease outbreaks. What social factors led to the outbreak? What social factors affected its severity and rate and extent of spread? How did individuals, social groups, and the state react to it? What are the short- and long-term effects on individuals, social groups, and the larger society? What programs can be put in place to help victims, their families, and affected communities to cope with the consequences--impaired mental and physical health, economic losses, and disrupted communities? Although current research on infectious disease outbreaks pays attention to social factors related to causation, severity, rate and extent of spread, those dealing with the "social chaos" arising from outbreaks are usually neglected. Inclusion, by combining traditional public health with sociological analysis, will enrich public health theory and understanding of infectious disease outbreaks. Our approach will help develop better programs to combat outbreaks and equally important, to help survivors, their families, and their communities cope better with the aftermath.     

Understanding and predicting the global spread of emergent infectious diseases

The emergence and global spread of human infectious diseases has become one of the most serious public health threats of the 21st century. Sophisticated computer simulations have become a key tool for understanding and predicting disease spread on a global scale. Combining theoretical insights from nonlinear dynamics, stochastic processes and complex network theory these computational models are becoming increasingly important in the design of efficient mitigation and control strategies and for public health in general.     

2010年绵阳市网络报告法定传染病疫情分析

目的分析绵阳市2010年法定传染病流行态势和传染病流行特点和影响因素,为制定本地区传染病防制对策提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2010年各类网络报告法定传染病疫情资料进行分类统计分析。结果2010年共报告乙丙类传染病24种,17 066例,总发病率321.24/10万,无甲类传染病报告。传染病构成以血源及性传播传染病、呼吸道传染病为主,其中,发病率居前5位的分别是肺结核(76.42/10万)、乙肝(63.42/10万)、其他感染性腹泻(49.20/10万)、手足口病(43.82/10万)、梅毒(29.50/10万)。结论 2010年绵阳市网络报告传染病以血源及性传播传染病、呼吸道传染病为主,是今后传染病防制工作的重点。     

传染病暴发或流行的探测、监测和预警

传染病继续成为全球发病死亡主要原因之一,影响公众健康生命、社会经济发展甚至国家安全。早期探测重点是及时、敏感地发现传染病暴发流行异常信息,并进行现场调查和核实,也是有效监测、预警系统的前期;有效监测、预警系统能够全面准确地认识特定传染病暴发流行可能发生的事实条件、驱动因素和传播链,并提出科学有效预防控制策略措施;因衡量...     

Evolutionary, historical and political economic perspectives on health and disease

The origin and rise of social inequalities that are a feature of the post-Neolithic society play a major role in the pattern of disease in prehistoric and contemporary populations. We use the concept of epidemiological transition to understand changing ecological relationships between humans, pathogens and other disease insults. With the Paleolithic period as a baseline, we begin with ecological and social relationships that minimized the impact of infectious disease. Paleolithic populations would have retained many of the pathogens that they shared with their primate ancestors and would have been exposed to zoonoses that they picked up as they adapted to a foraging existence. The sparse mobile populations would have precluded the existence of endemic infectious disease. About 10,000 years ago, the shift to an agricultural subsistence economy created the first epidemiological transition, marked by the emergence of infections, a pattern that has continued to the present. Beginning about a century ago, some populations have undergone a second epidemiological transition in which public health measures, improved nutrition and medicine resulted in declines in infectious disease and a rise in non-infectious, chronic and degenerative diseases. Human populations are entering the third epidemiological transition in which there is a reemergence of infectious diseases previously thought to be under control, and the emergence of novel diseases. Many of the emerging and reemerging pathogens are antibiotic resistant and some are multi-antibiotic resistant. Inequality continues to widen within and between societies, accelerating the spread of emerging and reemerging diseases.     

传染病传播风险评估指标体系研究进展

风险评估在传染病防控工作中占有重要地位。科学而健全的指标体系是获得准确风险评估结果的关键。不同类型传染病在不同情境下的传播、影响因素复杂,由此而形成的传染病传播风险评估指标体系差异较大。本文对国内外已经建立的、根据传播途径和发生的特定情境分类的传染病传播风险评估指标体系进行综述,为我国制定传染病传播风险评估指标体系提供...     

The surveillance of nonspecific prevention of infectious diseases and the tasks of its improvement

Provision of sanitary-and-epidemiological well-being in the Russian Federation is one of the major priorities of policy of the state. In the country, the implementation of a package of organizational, preventive, and antiepidemic measures has made the sanitary-and-epidemiological situation stable. In the Russian Federation, the national plan of measures for 2005-2007 has been approved and is being implemented by the joint WHO measles control program by 2010. The recent noticeable decrease in the morbidity of measles in the Russian Federation suggests that the disease may be the third infection, after smallpox and poliomyelitis, to be eradicated in Russia. The high incidence of tick-borne viral encephalitis is a result of not only the insufficient coverage of the population with vaccination, but also the reduction in the scope of antitick treatments and the use of ineffective and environmentally unstable agents for barrier ground treatments. In recent years, the tuberculosis epidemiological situation has recently remained to be of strain in the Russian Federation; socially dysadaptive population groups are on the rise; the socioeconomic standard of living of most sections of the population continues to be low. The requisite measures to optimize the prevention of infectious diseases are to improve the methodology of epidemiological surveillance of infectious and parasitic diseases, to perfect an epidemiological surveillance system during the epidemic spread of infections, to assess an epidemiological risk, to make a microbiological monitoring of the major pathogens of infectious diseases, and to elaborate and perfect the strategy and tactics of nonspecific prevention of extremely dangerous infectious diseases.