The Relationship between Changes of Polarity of the T Waves and Left Ventricular Function after Acute Anterior Myocardial Infarction

Objective To explore therelation between changes of T waves and left ventricular function in patients with Q - wave anterior wall MI. Methods 105 consecutive patients with Q-wave anterior wall MI were enrolled in this study. These patients were divided into two groups according to the polarity of T wave at 6 months: negative T - wave group (n=45) and positive T-wave group (n = 60) . Electrocardiograms were recorded and echocardiogra-phy was performed on admission and at 6 months after anterior MI. Results The peak serum creatine ki-nase activity of negative T - wave group and positive T -wave group was (4158 ±2478) IU/L and (2868±2358) IU/L, respectively (P < 0. 05). Left ventricular function was better in positive T - wave group than negative T - wave group. Conclusion Earlier normalization of the precordial T waves was associated with greater improvement in LV function. The early presence of inverted T waves in leads with abnormal Q waves can be used to assess the degree of LV dysfunction.     

头胸导联对Ⅲ、aVF导联异常Q波的鉴别诊断价值

常规导联异常Q波指Q波波幅>1/4R,时间>0.04s。Ⅲ、aVF异常Q波可见于不同情况,如下壁心肌梗死(MI)、心肌病等及部分正常人。头胸导联(HC)是我国学者提出的导联系统。本文探讨用HC鉴别Ⅲ、aVF导联异常Q波的价值。对象为住院和门诊病人,共36例。男性23例、女性13例。平均年龄58.36岁。分为3组:①MI组(A组)包括急性、亚急性、陈旧性下壁MI者共15例。②非MI心脏病组(B组)包括除MI以外的其他心脏疾患,如风湿性心脏病、冠心     

Disappearance of septal q-wave or appearance of abnormal Q-wave in V5 and V6 after onset of anterior acute myocardial infarction: electrocardiographic and angiographic correlations

Background The factors influencing the q-wave changes in V5 and V6 during anterior acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have not been thoroughly described. Methods We studied 70 patients with a first anterior AMI, in whom the electrocardiogram (ECG) showed either disappearance of the normal septal q wave (n = 24) or presence of pathological Q wave in V5 and V6 (n = 46) during follow-up. The ECG and coronary angiography findings were correlated. Results There was no difference between the 2 groups in the culprit site proximal to S1 (46% vs. 36%, P = 0.405), but the culprit site was more frequently located proximal to D1 in the group with abnormal Q wave (21% vs. 67%, P = 0.001). Patients with disappearance of the septal q wave more often had a large obtuse marginal branch (46 % vs. 22%, P = 0.037) and disappearance of the r wave in V1 (88% vs. 7%, P = 0.001). Patients with abnormal Q-wave more often had a large LAD (42% vs. 71%), small r wave or tall or wide R wave in V1 (0 % vs. 89 %, P = 0.001) and abnormal Q waves in the inferior leads (33% vs. 59%, P = 0.044). Conclusions In patients with first anterior AMI, q wave changes in V5 and V6 correlated with the morphology in V1 . Emerging abnormal Q wave in V5 / V6 predicted the culprit lesion in a large LAD proximal to D1 , but disappearance of the septal q wave could not predict the culprit lesion proximal to S1 .     

肺心病酷似下壁心肌梗死图形21例

1 资料与方法 从我院近10年来收治的肺心病者中筛选出21例,男18例,女3例,年龄56～78岁.其心电图表现酷似下壁心肌梗死(MI)。其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ导联呈Qr型,Q波深达0.4～0.5mV,时间为0.03～0.04s(11例);Ⅱ导联呈QrS型,Ⅲ导联呈W型QS型.aVF导联呈rSR’S’型(7例);Ⅱ、aVF导     

Genetic detection of Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

AIM:To explore the germline mutations of the two main DNA mismatch repair genes (hMSH2and hMLH1） between patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and suspected (atypical) HNPCC.METHODS:Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the index patient of each family,and germline mutations of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes were detected by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing techniques.RESULTS:For PCR-SSCP analysis,67% (4/6) abnormal exons mobility in typical group and 33% (2/6) abnormal exons mobility in atypical group were recognized.In direct DNA sequencing,50%(3/6) mutation of MMR genes in typical group and 33% (2/6) mutation of MMR genes in atypical group were found,and 4/6(66.67%) and 1/6(16.67%) mutations of hMSH2 and hMLH1 were identified in typical HNPCC and atypical HNPCC,respectively.CONCLUSION:Mutation detection of the patients is of benefit to the analysis of HNPCC and, PCR-SSCP is an effective strategy to detect the mutations of HNPCC equivalent to direct DNA sequence.It seems that there exist more complicated genetic alterations in Chinese HNPCC patients than in Western countries.     

心电图评价致心律失常性右心室心肌病病变程度的临床价值

目的 分析致心律失常性右心室心肌病(ARVC)患者的病变程度与心电图表现之间的关系.方法 分析61例已确诊的ARVC患者,根据心脏核磁共振成像(MRI)检查结果,将其按病变侵犯部位分为右心室局部病变组、右心室弥漫病变组、双心室病变组,分析比较三组的心电图特征.结果 心脏MRI结果显示右心室局部病变组19例(31%),右心室弥漫病变组28例(46%),双心室病变组14例(23%).心电图正常者3例,三组中各1例.伴有Epsilon波的患者24例(39%)、V1～V3导联的QRS波时限≥110 ms的患者21例(34%)、V1～V3导联S波升支≥55 ms的患者17例(28%)、完全右束支传导阻滞的患者10例(16%)、病理性Q波的患者9例(15%),这些指标的发生率均随病变程度的加重而增高(右心室局部病变组＜右心室弥漫病变组＜双心室病变组).Epsilon波、V1～V3导联的QRS波时限≥110 ms、完全性右束支传导阻滞(RBBB)、病理性Q波的发生率在双心室病变组中要高于右心室局部病变组,且两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).V1～V3导联S波升支≥55 ms的发生率在双心室病变组中要高于右心室局部病变组,且两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在双心室病变组要高于右心室弥漫病变组,且两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).一度房室传导阻滞的发生率在双心室病变组中要高于右心室弥漫病变组,且两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).右心室局部病变组患者心电图T波倒置多局限于V1导联,右心室弥漫病变组和双心室病变组T波倒置多数表现于胸前导联V1～V3或超过V3导联的胸前导联、以及下壁导联.结论 心电图正常并不能排除ARVC.ARVC患者T波倒置在12导联心电图上具有很高的发生率,并且T波倒置在胸部导联的延伸与病变程度是相关的,T波倒置的范围可以提示ARVC病变累及的程度.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the relationship between electrocardiographic (ECG) features and disease severity in patients with the arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Method The study group consisted of 61 subjects with a definite diagnosis of ARVC on the basis of published guideline criteria and patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the extent of diseased myocardium defined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Group A: local involvement (n = 19, 31% ), Group B: diffuse involvement of whole right ventricle ( n = 28, 46% ) and Group C: involvement of both right and left ventricles ( n = 14, 23% ). Results Normal electrocardiogram was shown in 1 patient in each group.Epsilon wave was detected in 24 (39%) patients, QRS duration was prolonged [≥ 110 ms( V1 -V3 )] in 21 (34%) patients, S-wave upstroke was prolonged (≥55 ms) in 17 (28%) patients, complete right branch bundle block was evidenced in 10 ( 16% ) patients and pathologic Q waves was found in 9 ( 15% ) patients. The incidence of above abnormal ECG changes was increased in proportion to the degree of disease severity (group A ＜ group B ＜ group C). Incidence of Epsilon wave and prolonged QRS duration [≥ 110 ms (V1 - V3 )] were significantly higher in Group C than in Group A. Incidence of prolonged S-wave upstroke ( ≥55 ms) was significantly higher in Group C than in Group A and Group B. T-wave inversion in V1 leads was often found in Group A. T-wave inversion in inferior leads ( V1 - V3 leads or beyond V3 ) was often presented in Group B and Group C. Conclusions Normal ECG does not exclude the possibility of diagnosis of ARVC. The extent of T-wave inversion in the precordial leads and incidence of Epsilon wave, prolonged QRS duration [≥ 110 ms (Vt -V3 )] and prolonged S-wave upstroke ( ≥55 ms) were related to degree of disease severity in patients with ARVC.     

Genetic detection of Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

AIM:To explore the germline mutations of the two mainDNA mismatch repair genes (hMSH2and hMLH1) betweenpatients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC) and suspected (atypical) HNPCC.METHODS:Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheralblood of the index patient of each family,and germlinemutations of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes were detected byPCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP)and DNA sequencing techniques.RESULTS:For PCR-SSCP analysis,67% (4/6) abnormal exonsmobility in typical group and 33% (2/6) abnormal exonsmobility in atypical group were recognized.In direct DNAsequencing,50% (3/6) mutation of MMR genes in typicalgroup and 33% (2/6) mutation of MMR genes in atypicalgroup were found,and 4/6 (66.67%) and 1/6 (16.67%)mutations of hMSH2 and hMLH1 were identified in typicalHNPCC and atypical HNPCC,respectively.CONCLUSION:Mutation detection of the patients is ofbenefit to the analysis of HNPCC and,PCR-SSCP is aneffective strategy to detect the mutations of HNPCCequivalent to direct DNA sequence.It seems that there existmore complicated genetic alterations in Chinese HNPCCpatients than in Western countries.     

陈旧性心肌梗死的异常Q波在常规和头胸导联心电图的分布对比研究

目的观察常规和头胸导联心电图在陈旧性心肌梗死中异常Q波的分布情况,借以探讨WL和HCECG对真假异常Q波的辨别能力及对诊断心肌梗死的敏感性和特异性.方法取40例健康人群作对照组,另取40例陈旧性心梗死组,两组均采用ML2000数字化24道全同步心电仪记录常规导联和头胸导联心电图,比较两组异常Q波的分布情况.结果对照组在常规导联心电图中出现异常Q波率明显高于头胸导联心电图的异常Q波率.两者之比常规导联:头胸导联心电图=34.77%:8.86%,有显著性差异;而陈旧性心肌梗死组的异常Q波在两组导联中出现率基本相等,p＞0.05.结论①头胸导联心电图对常规导联心电图出现的异常Q波具有校正作用,即具有辨别其真伪能力.②对于诊断心肌梗死(无论是急性或陈旧性),头胸导联和常规导联,两者的敏感性和特异性是一致的.     

Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联R波切迹诊断房间隔缺损的探讨

目的探讨心电图Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联R波切迹对检出房间隔缺损(ASD)的意义。方法分析74例ASD心电图,74名正常人作为对照组。ASD的诊断均经超声心动图证实和未予手术矫正。结果 74例ASD心电图中,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联出现R波切迹者44例(59.5%),其中8例(10.8%)于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联中的一个导联出现R波切迹,16例(21.6%)两个导联出现R波切迹,20例(27.6%)三个导联同时出现R波切迹。正常人组中仅7例)9.4%)在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联中出现R波切迹,一个导联、两个导联及三个导联出现R波切迹的例数分别为3例(4.0%)、2例(2.7%)和2例(2.7%)。ASD组心电图Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联出现R波切迹比率显著高于正常人组(59.5%vs.9.4%,p<0.005)。以心电图Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联出现R波切迹诊断ASD的敏感性和特异性分别为59.5%和90.5%。结论心电图Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联R波切迹是心电图诊断ASD的一项指标。     

心电向量图对Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF边缘性Q波的鉴别诊断价值

当中老年患者在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联上出现Q波时,首先要确定是心肌梗死引起还是其他因素所致。下壁心肌梗死通常是依据Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联出现坏死性Q波来确定的,但阳性率较低,还有部分患者不出现坏死性Q波或Q波狭小,心电向量图(VCG)在心肌梗死的诊断方面,     

健康青年右胸头胸导联心电图和常规导联心电图对比分析

目的 :对比观察头胸导联心电图和常规导联心电图反映右室心电活动的差异。方法 :对 5 0例健康青年进行右胸头胸导联和常规导联 2种心电图的检查 ,并对 P波、QRS波、T波进行对比。结果 :右胸头胸导联心电图 P波、R波、直立 T波较常规导联对应的各波波幅明显增大。而前者的 Q波及部分 S波波幅较后者明显减小。右胸头胸导联心电图未见宽深 Q波和倒置 T波。结论 :头胸导联心电图较常规导联心电图更好地反映右室的心电活动     

冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术前后心电图缺血性J波的观察

目的 探讨经皮冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)对冠心病患者心电图缺血性J波的影响及临床意义,为临床提供无创检查指标起到预警作用.方法 选择经皮冠状动脉造影确诊并行PCI治疗的冠心病患者(冠心病组)162例,其中不稳定性心绞痛(心绞痛组)108例,急性心肌梗死(心梗组)54例.记录PCI术前、术后24h内的12导联体表心电图,分别测量各导联J波的振幅和时限,分析PCI术前、术后J波的发生率及参数变化.根据狭窄的冠脉分为2个冠脉狭窄组(前降支狭窄组和右冠脉或回旋支狭窄组),观察体表12导联心电图J波的形态比较及发生率.结果 (1)PCI 术前、术后J波发生率最高为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联,冠心病组发生率分别为33.95％、22.84％、26.54％和30.86％、19.75％、23.46％,心绞痛组发生率分别为37.04％、27.78％、31.48％和35.19％、25.00％、27.78％;而心梗组PCI术前为V5、Ⅱ、aVF、Ⅲ、V3导联J波发生率较高,术后J波发生率为V5、Ⅱ、aVF、aVL、Ⅲ导联J波发生率较高(分别为33.33％、27.78％、16.67％、12.96％、11.11％和22.22％、22.22％、14.81％、12.96％、9.26％).(2)前降支狭窄组PCI术前J波在V5、V6导联为25.78％,右冠脉或回旋支狭窄组PCI术前J波在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联为35.37％;术后两组均在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF组发生率最高,分别为21.09％和35.37％.(3)全部冠心病组在PCI术前的J波以振幅0.08 mV和时限0.02s的例数最多,PCI术后J波振幅为0.02 mV和时限0.02s例数最多.(4)全部冠心病组PCI术前J波振幅和时限在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V3、V4导联上均大于PCI术后,差异有统计学意义[中位数(四分位数间距P25,P75)为:Ⅱ导联振幅0.05(0.05,0.10) mV比0.02(0.02,0.05) mY,P=0.00,时限0.03(0.02,0.04)s比0.02(0.02,0.03)s,P=0.00;Ⅲ导联振幅0.05(0.05,0.10) mV比0.02(0.02,0.05) mV,P=0.00,时限0.02(0.02,0.03)s比0.02(0.01,0.02)s,P=0.00;aVF导联振幅0.05(0.05,0.10)mV比0.02(0.00,0.08)mV,P=0.00,时限0.02(0.02,0.03)s比0.02(0.00,0.02)s,P=0.00;V3导联振幅0.05(0.05,0.16)mV比0.05(0.00,0.05)mV,P=0.03,时限0.02(0.02,0.04)s比0.02(0.00,0.02)s,P=0.01;V4导联振幅0.06(0.04,0.12)mV比0.01 (0.00,0.07) mV,P=0.01,时限0.04(0.04,0.05)s比0.01(0.00,0.02)s,P=0.00].结论 冠心病组和心绞痛组PCI术前、术后J波在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联的发生率最高,而心梗组在V5、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联较高;前降支狭窄与右冠脉或回旋支狭窄组J波分别在V5、V6与Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联的发生率最高;PCI术后,J波振幅和时限均降低,说明PCI对冠心病缺血性J波有相对较好的影响.     

正常人肢体导联心电图与对应头胸导联心电图的比较

目的比较健康人常规12导联中的肢体导联心电图与相对应头胸导联正常心电图之间的差异。方法选择健康体检者同时记录常规心电图及头胸导联心电图,由两位资深的电生理医生分析,作出心电图无异常的诊断。而后以6个肢体导联（I、II、III和aVR、aVL、aVF）分别与头胸导联中对应的各两组导联（CL2、CL4、CL6和HV7、HV8、HV9及HR3、HO、HL3和AR3、HR7、AL3）,进行逐一配对的心电图比较。观察心电图P、QRS、T波的形态,计数各导联同一波形之假性改变者,作对应导联的卡方检验进行比较。结果在120例健康人正常心电图中,常规肢体导联中的III导联双相或倒置P波的出现率是31.6%、宽或深Q波的出现率是29.1%、低平或倒置T波的出现率是26.7%,而对应头胸导联的CL6或HV9导联上述假性改变的出现率均为零（0.0%）;aVR导联P波和T波倒置的出现率是100%,而对应头胸导联AR3倒置P、T波的出现率均为18.3%,HR3导联无假性改变;aVL导联T波倒置的出现率是23.3%,而HO和HR7导联无假性改变。正常心电图P-QRS-T波假性改变在两导联系统的出现率有统计学上的差异（均为P<0.01）。结论健康人的正常心电图,头胸导联波形假性改变出现率比常规肢体导联显著降低。     

伪冠状T_(Ⅱ,Ⅲ,aVF)波诊断折返性室上性心动过速的价值

回顾性分析 134例射频消融确诊的窄QRS波群室上性心动过速 (SVT)患者窦性心律及心动过速时心电图 ,以评估伪冠状TⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF波在SVT中的鉴别诊断价值。伪冠状TⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF波定义为心动过速时Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联出现深倒、双支对称T波 ,而窦性心律时T波正常。结果 :10 2例AVRT患者中 2 9例 (2 8% )可见伪冠状TⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF波 ,32例AVNRT患者无 1例有伪冠状TⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF波 (P <0 .0 1)。伪冠状TⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF波诊断AVRT的敏感性为 2 8%、特异性为10 0 %、阳性预测值为 10 0 %。AVRT组中 ,仅后隔旁道可见伪冠状TⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF波 ,伪冠状TⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF波诊断后隔旁道的敏感性为 85 %、特异性 10 0 %、阳性预测值为 10 0 %。结论 :PSVT时伪冠状TⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF波可作为鉴别AVRT和AVNRT的一项心电指标 ,且可用于对旁道的初步定位。逆向心房激动顺序及RP间期可能是产生伪冠状TⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF波的机制     

ECG findings after myocardial infarction in children after Kawasaki disease

Standard 12-lead ECGs were evaluated in 17 children with myocardial infarction and 78 children without myocardial infarction after Kawasaki disease; sensitivity and specificity of the ECG infarction criteria were determined. The presence or absence of myocardial infarction was determined from either clinical examination results (coronary angiography, ventriculography, and thallium-201 myocardial imaging) or autopsy findings. Of seven patients with inferior infarction, abnormally deep Q waves in lead II, III, or aVF were observed in six, but the duration was greater than 0.04 second in only one (14%). The sensitivity and specificity of inferior infarction criteria based on Q wave amplitude were 86% and 97%, respectively. Of eight patients with anterior infarction, seven (88%) had abnormally deep and wide (greater than or equal to 0.04 second) Q waves in anterior chest leads. The sensitivity and specificity of the infarction criteria based on the amplitude and duration of the Q wave were 75% and 99%, respectively. Of seven patients with lateral infarction, Q waves were observed in lead I, aVL, or both in four patients, and in all of these patients Q waves were wider than 0.04 second. In two patients with both inferior and anterior infarction, Q waves were observed only in leads II, III, and aVF; in only one patient were the Q waves wider than 0.04 second. Thus deep Q waves in lead II, III, or aVF that are not wider than 0.04 second may indicate inferior infarction in children. Q waves in lead I, aVL, and chest leads associated with anterolateral infarction are in most instances deep and wide.     

Q-wave prediction of myocardial infarct location, size and transmural extent at magnetic resonance imaging

OBJECTIVE: We investigated how pathologic Q waves or equivalents predict location, size and transmural extent of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: MI characteristics, detected by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, were compared with 12-lead electrocardiogram in 79 patients with previous first MI. RESULTS: Q waves involved only the anterior leads (V1-V4) in 13 patients: in all patients MI involved the anterior and anteroseptal walls and apex; 81% of scar tissue was within these regions. Q waves involved only the inferior leads (II, III, aVF) in 13 patients: in 12 of these patients MI involved the inferior and inferoseptal walls; however, only 59% of scar occupied these regions. Q waves involved only lateral leads (V5, V6, I, aVL) in 11 patients: in nine of these patients MI involved the lateral wall but only 27% of scar tissue was within this wall. Q waves involved two electrocardiogram locations in 42 patients. In the 79 patients as a whole, the number of anterior Q waves was related to anterior MI size (r=0.70); however, the number of inferior and lateral Q waves was only weakly related to MI size in corresponding territories (r=0.35 and 0.33). A tall and broad R wave in V1-V2 was a more powerful predictor of lateral MI size than Q waves. Finally, the number of Q waves accurately reflected the transmural extent of the infarction (r=0.70) only in anterior infarctions. CONCLUSION: Q waves reliably predict MI location, size and transmural extent only in patients with anterior infarction. A tall and broad R wave in V1-V2 reflects a lateral MI.     

头胸导联心电图在窄QRS波心动过速鉴别诊断中的作用

目的观察在窄QRS波心动过速鉴别诊断时,头胸导联心电图是否优于常规12导联心电图。方法当患者发生窄QRS波心动过速时,同时记录常规心电图及头胸导联心电图各1份,由两位资深的电生理医生进行分析,作出心动过速机制的诊断。此后由观察者将两位医生分析两种体表心电图的结果与心内电生理检查的结果对照,计算出两种体表心电图诊断心动过速机制的准确率,并作卡方检验进行比较。结果41例患者入选本试验。第一位医生分析常规心电图的诊断准确率是80.5%(33/41),头胸导联心电图的准确率是90.2%(37/41);第二位医生分析常规心电图的诊断准确率是75.6%(31/41),头胸导联心电图的准确率是87.8%(36/41)。两位医生分析常规心电图的总体准确率是78.0%,头胸导联心电图的总体准确率是89.0%。两位医生在分析两种体表心电图的诊断准确率方面均无统计学差异(均为p>0.05)。结论在对窄QRS波心动过速鉴别诊断方面,头胸导联心电图似有比常规心电图更准确的趋势,但未显示出统计学差异。     

Diagnostic significance for coronary artery disease of abnormal Q waves in the "lateral" electrocardiographic leads

To determine the diagnostic significance for coronary artery disease of abnormally large Q waves in leads I, aVL, V5 and V6--the "lateral" electrocardiographic leads--the electrocardiograms of 240 patients who had undergone cardiac catheterization were studied. First, the electrocardiograms of 99 subjects proved normal by cardiac catheterization (group 1) were studied to determine the values of the durations of Q waves in leads I, aVL, V5 and V6 that should be exceeded to be considered abnormal. These values were 30, 30, 20 and 25 ms, respectively. Then, 67 patients were identified who had abnormal Q waves in at least 1 of these leads (group 2) and 74 patients with at least 1 angiographic abnormality but without abnormal Q waves in any of these leads (group 3). Group 2 had generally more extensive left ventricular disease and a higher prevalence of anterior, inferior and apical healed myocardial infarction (MI) than group 3. However, compared with group 3, group 2 had lower prevalences of significant narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply the left ventricular lateral wall. Within group 2, abnormal Q waves in leads I and aVL (traditionally designated high lateral MI) were associated with anterior as well as apical MI, and abnormal Q waves in leads V5 and V6 (traditionally designated anterolateral MI) were associated with inferior as well as apical MI. Thus, abnormal Q waves in leads I, aVL, V5 and V6 tend to reflect apical rather than lateral MI and the term anterolateral MI is especially misleading.     

Inaccuracy of various proposed electrocardiographic criteria in the diagnosis of apical myocardial infarction--a critical review

The diagnostic accuracy of the standard electrocardiogram (ECG) in apical myocardial infarction (MI) was evaluated in 112 consecutive patients with recent MI and wall-motion abnormalities limited to the left ventricular (LV) apex on two-dimensional echocardiography, performed at rest 21 to 84 days after MI. The following patterns of abnormal (greater than or equal to 30 ms) Q waves were found: anteroseptal (Q V1-V4) in 44 patients (39.3%), anterolateral (Q V1-V6 and/or I, aVL) in 22 (19.6%), inferior (Q III, aVF or II, III, aVF) in five (4.5%), lateral (Q I, aVL and/or V5-V6) in five (4.5%), anteroinferior in six (5.3%); non-Q MI was present in 30 patients (26.8%). By applying various proposed ECG criteria, the presence of apical MI was correctly identified in very few (24, 21%) patients. LV apex was extensively asynergic in 85 patients (76%) and partially asynergic in 27 (24%). All the patients with Q waves in lateral leads and 47% of the patients with non-Q MI had partially asynergic LV apex, while in the other ECG patterns, extensively asynergic LV apex was predominant. The presence of both greater than or equal to 30 ms Q waves and loss of R in left precordial leads and I strongly suggests extensive apical asynergy; normal QRS in the same leads, however, does not exclude extensive apical involvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Reliability of standard electrocardiogram in detecting left ventricular asynergy in 315 patients with recent myocardial infarction

The relationship between asynergy of the left ventricular wall detected by two-dimensional echocardiography and ECG signs of necrosis (number of Q waves greater than or equal to 40 ms, Wagner's score) was evaluated in 315 patients (NYHA I-II) 23-90 days after a first Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI). Poor correlations were found between asynergy and ECG parameters. An ECG anterior MI is an apicoseptal MI by echo (independently of the ECG extent of Q waves) and the ECG is of little or no help in predicting the extent of asynergy to the inferior wall and proximal segments of the septum. An ECG inferior MI is inferoposterior by echo and the ECG has very limited value in predicting the extent of asynergy to the apex and septum. Patients with Q waves in leads II, III, and aVF had more extensive asynergy than those with either 2Q or greater than 3Q. R/S greater than or equal to 1 in V1 and/or V2 was present in 44% of patients with inferior MI while asynergy of at least one segment of the posterior wall was observed in 94%. In conclusion, standard ECG is sensitive in identifying anterior versus inferior infarct but it is unreliable in predicting the real extent of asynergy of the left ventricle, particularly in inferior infarcts.