老年人代谢综合征与饮食习惯的相关性分析

目的 探讨老年人群代谢综合征(MS)和饮食习惯的相关性.方法 连续抽取老年人781例,通过问卷调查和体检采集相关资料;采用Logistic回归分析方法分析饮食习惯与MS相关性.结果 老年人MS总患病率为40.7%,其中男性36.7%,女性55.4%,女性高于男性(P=0.000).低脂饮食组腰围(86.0±9.3)cm,与适中饮食组(88.8±8.5)cm及高脂饮食组(90.0±7.9)cm比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).低脂饮食组空腹血糖(5.78±0.98)mmol/L,与高脂饮食组(6.27±1.80)mmol/L比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多元回归分析显示,以低脂饮食组为基准,适中饮食组OR值[1.541(1.092～2.174),P＜0.05];高脂饮食OR值[2.293(1.317～3.994),P＜0.01];适中饮食和高脂饮食是老年人群MS的独立危险因素.结论 适中饮食和高脂饮食是老年人群发生MS的危险因素,提倡在食物多样化的前提下,养成清淡低脂的饮食习惯,从而降低MS的患病率.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and diet style in the elderly. Methods The 781 old people were consecutively selected. Related data were collected by means of questionnaires and physical examinations. And logistic regression was performed to analyze if moderate and high fat diet were risk factors of MS. Results The total prevalence rate of MS in old people was 40. 7%, with 36.7% in old males and 55.4% in old females,and the prevalence rate of MS was higher in old women than in old men (P=0. 000). The significant differences in waist circumferences among three groups of low, moderate and high-fat diet [(86.0±9.3) cm vs. (88.8±8.5) cm vs. (90. 0±7.9) cm, respectively (all P＜0.05)]were found. Fasting blood glucose showed a significant difference between two groups of low and high-fat diet, with the results of (5.78 ± 0.98) mmol/L and (6.27 ± 1.80) mmol/L, respectively ( P＜0. 05 ). The logistic regression analysis showed that odds ratio for people with moderate and high-fat diets were 1. 541 ( 1. 092-2. 174) and 2. 293 ( 1. 317-3. 994), respectively (P＜0.05), which indicated that moderate and high-fat diet was independent risk factors for MS in old people. Conclusions Both moderate and high-fat diets are risk factors of MS in old population, low fat diet with food balance is recommended to old population in order to decrease the prevalence of MS.     

携带人B型利钠肽基因重组腺病毒对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心功能的影响

目的 观察外源基因人B型利钠肽对慢性心力衰竭(心衰)大鼠心功能的影响.方法 30只入选心衰大鼠,随机分为携带人B型利钠肽基因重组腺病毒组(Ad-hBNP组)、重组空白腺病毒组(Ad-Track组)、生理盐水组(NS组),另设不予任何治疗的假手术组作为对照;分别经腹腔注射予以相应治疗,每周1次,共4周.4周后实验动物行超声心动图、血流动力学检测,酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清外源基因人B型利钠肽水平,全心质量指数检测.结果 间断Ad-hBNP治疗后,Ad-hBNP组心衰大鼠室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度、左室舒张末径、左室收缩末径[(2.34±0.29)mm、(2.28±0.18)mm、(6.50±0.42)mm、(3.54±0.59)mm]显著低于Ad-Track组[(2.71±0.35)mm、(3.02±0.85)mm、(7.71±0.83)mm、(4.72±0.80)mm,均为P＜0.05]和NS组[(2.78±0.23)mm、(2.83±0.53)mm、(7.34±0.97)mm、(4.55±0.77)mm,均为P＜0.05],而左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率[(79.27±7.01)%、(43.38±6.73)%]显著高于Ad-Track组[(70.85±4.81)%、(35.72±3.68)%,均为P＜0.01]和NS组[(69.67±6.90)%、(34.91±5.10)%,均为P＜0.01].Ad-hBNP组与Ad-Track组和NS组比较:心率显著降低,左室收缩压显著升高[为(131.79±15.76)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、(112.99±32.35)mm Hg、(117.13±15.26)mm Hg],左室内压最大上升速率显著升高[分别为(5037.20±430.41)mm Hg/s、(4217.40±1354.15)mm Hg/s、(4310.50±1293.97)mm Hg/s;P＜0.05];左室内压最大下降速率显著升高[分别为(-4382.00±1304.79)mm Hg/s、(-3725.00±791.34)mm Hg/s、(-3890.00±1043.73)mm Hg/s,均为P＜0.05];左室舒张末压降低[分别为(-4.24±4.00)mm Hg、(21.99±6.80)mm Hg、(18.00±12.25)mm Hg,均为P＜0.01];心脏质量及全心质量指数均降低.结论 间断给予Ad-hBNP能够有效地改善心衰大鼠心脏结构和功能.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of hBNP on rats with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods Thirty CHF rats defined by echocardiography at 12 weeks post abdominal aortic constriction were randomly divided into Ad-hBNP group (2. 5 × 1010 VP/ml NS Ad-hBNP 1 ml/week ×4,n = 14), Ad-Track group ( n = 8 ), placebo group ( NS, n = 8 ), 10 sham-operated rats served as control group. After 4 weeks treatment, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements. Heart weight (HW) and HW/body weight (BW) ratio were determined. Results IVS,LVPW, LVEDD and LVESD were significantly reduced in the Ad-hBNP group [(2. 34 ±0. 29)mm, (2. 28 ± 0. 18)mm, (6. 50 ±0. 42)mm, (3.54 ±0. 59) mm] than those in the Ad-Track group[(2. 71 ±0. 35) mm,(3.02 ±0.85)mm, (7.71 ±0.83)mm, (4.72 ±0.80)mm] and in the NS group [(2.78 ±0.23)mm,(2. 83 ± 0. 53 ) mm, (7. 34 ± 0. 97 ) mm, (4. 55 ± 0. 77 ) mm, all P ＜ 0. 05]. The LVEF and LVFS of the Ad-hBNP group [(79. 27 ±7.01 )%, (43.38 ±6. 73)%] were significantly higher than in the Ad-Track group[(70.85±4.81)%, (35.72 ±3.68)%] and in the NS group[(69.67 ±6.90)%, (34.91 ±5.10)%, all P ＜0. 01]. HR[(417.48 ±32. 57) beats/min, (446. 85 ±61.49) beats/min, P ＜0. 05;(440. 83 ±32. 18) beats/min , P ＜0. 05], LVEDP[( - 4. 24 ±4. 00) mm Hg( 1 mm Hg =0. 133 kPa);(21.99 ±6. 80) mm Hg, P ＜0. 01; ( 18.00 ± 12. 25)mm Hg, P＜0. 01] were significantly decreased and while LVSP[(131.79 ±15.76) mm Hg; (112.99 ±32.35) mm Hg, P＜0.05; (117.13 ±15.26)mmHg], +dP/dtmax[(5037.20 ±430.41) mm Hg/s; (4217.40 ± 1354. 15)mm Hg/s, P ＜0.05;(4310. 50 ± 1293.97 ) mm Hg/s, P ＜ 0. 05] and - dP/dtmax [( - 4382. 00 ± 1304. 79 ) mm Hg/s;(-3725.00±791.34) mm Hg/s, P ＜ 0.05; ( - 3890.00 ± 1043.73) mm Hg/s, P ＜ 0.05] were significantly increased in Ad-hBNP group than in Ad-Track group and NS group ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ). HW and HW/BW were also decreased in Ad-hBNP group than in the Ad-Track group and the NS group. Conclusion Exogenous hBNP improved the cardiac function and attenuated remodeling in CHF rats.     

过表达肌浆网钙ATP酶治疗实验性慢性缺血性心力衰竭

目的 研究肌浆网钙ATP酶2a(SERCA2a)基因过表达对慢性缺血性心力衰竭(心衰)心功能及心肌内质网应激(ERS)相关凋亡的影响.方法采用ameroid环束扎小型猪前降支制备慢性缺血性心衰模型.开胸心肌内注射重组腺相关病毒以过表达SERCA2a或对照报告基因绿色荧光蛋白.60 d后检测血流动力学、SERCA2a的表达和活性、心肌凋亡及ERS标志蛋白-分子伴侣GRp78、凋亡蛋白caspase-12的表达.结果基因转导后60 d,与心衰对照及报告基因组相比,转基因组SERCA2a蛋白表达和活性显著增高,心功能参数改善,心肌凋亡指数降低,伴GRP78和活化caspase12表达下降.结论过表达SERCA2a可改善慢性缺血性心衰的心脏功能,其机制可能涉及减轻ERS相关的心肌细胞凋亡.

Abstract：

Objective Chronic myocardial ischemia (CMI) has become the most importat cause of heart failure (HF) all over the world. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of Sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPaee 2a (SERCA2a) gene transfer on cardiac function and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) associated myocardial apoptosis in a minipig HF animal model induced by CMI. Methods HF was induced in minipigs by implantation of ameroid constrictor in the initial segment of left anterior descending (LAD) branch of coronary artery. After confirmation of myocardial perfusion defects and cardiac function impairment by myocardial perfusion imaging and echocardiography, animals were divided into 4 groups (n =4 each): HF group, HF + enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) group,HF + SERCA2a group, and shamed animals as control group. A total amount of 1×1012 v.g. Of rAAV1EGFP or rAAV1-SERCA2a were injected intramyocardially to each animal of HF + EGFP and HF +SERCA2a groups. Sixty days after gene transfer, protein level and activity of SERCA2a were examined,cardiac functions and changes of serum inflammatory and neuro-hormonal factors were determined. Apoptotic index of the ischemic myocardium, protein levels of ER stress marker glucose regulated protein 78 ( GRP 78) and ER stress specific apoptotic marker caspase-12 were also assayed. Results At the study end,echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements indicated a significant improvement of both cardiac systolic and diastolic function in HF + SERCA2a group compared with HF/HF + EGFP groups [LVEF (60.2±8.6)%vs (44.2±7.1)% and (46.8±6.7)%, Ev/Ay 1.28±0.24 vs 0.77 ±0.17 and 0.80±0.21, +dp/dtmax(2713.9 ±434.0) mm Hg/s ( 1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) vs (1892.3 ±434.2) mm Hg/s and (1931.2±397.4)mm Hg/s, -dp/dtmax (1422.1±334.4) mm Hg/s vs (848.3±308.3) mm Hg/s and (849.5±278.3)mm Hg/s, P＜0.05], along with increase in both SERCA2a protein level (1.13±0.26 vs 0.73 ±0.17 and 0.64±0.18, P＜0.05) and activity [(16.2±5.5) IU/ml vs (7.9±3.1) IU/ml and (7.5 ±2.8)IU/ml, P ＜0.05] compared with HF/HF + EGFP groups. Serum concentrations of inflammatory factor tumor necrotic factor α [(382.3±114.4) ng/L vs (732.3±201.4) ng/L and (689.8±192 5) ng/L, P＜0. 05], neural-hormonal factors brain natriuretic peptide [(142.6±45.3) ng/L vs (422.3±113.6) ng/L and(393.7 ±103.3)ng/L, P＜0.01], endothelin-1 [(111.4 ±37.5)ng/L vs (193.5 ±54.3)ng/L and (201.0±72.1)ng/L,P＜0.05] and angiotensin Ⅱ[(189.7±65.2)μg/L vs (538.3 ± 135.2) μg/L and ( 525.5±144.1)μg/L, P＜0.01] were also significantly decreased in HF + SERCA2a group compared with HF/HF + EGFP groups. The apoptotic index [(12.71±4.11)% vs(23.22±7.23) % and (24.31±6.38)%, P＜0.05], protein levels of GRP78 (1.27±0.33 vs 3.23±1.14 and 4.18±1.13, P＜0.05)and protein level ratios of cleaved caspase-12 to total caspase-12[(4.62±1.93)% vs (9.71±2.70)% and (10.14±2.81)%, P＜0.05] were also significantly reduced in the ischemic myocardium of HF+SERCA2a group compared with the HF/HF + EGFP groups. Conclusion Overexpression of SERCA2a significantly improved cardiac systolic and diastolic function in this HF model partly through attenuation of ER stress related myocardial apoptosis, suggesting its therapeutic potential for CM1 related heart failure.     

高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者NHDL-C/apoA-1水平变化研究

目的 探讨高血压合并OSAHS患者非高密度脂蛋白/载脂蛋白A1 (NHDL-C/apoA-1)比值与OSAHS严重程度的关系及经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)干预疗效研究.方法 原发性高血压(EH) +OSAHS者82例;单纯EH组79例.2组患者分别进行多导睡眠监测(PSG)、血脂水平、NHDL-C/apoA-1等检测,观察2组患者上述指标变化;依据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)将EH+OSAHS组分为轻(28例)、中(29例)、重度(25例)组,NHDL-C/apoA-1与OSAHS严重程度(AHI)对比相关分析;以及47例中重度EH+ OSAHS患者nCPAP治疗前后NHDL-C/apoA-1变化.结果 ①与单纯EH组相比,EH+ OSAHS组中最低血氧饱和度(minimumSaO2)[(71.7±5.4)％ vs (91.4±2.5)％]、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)[(0.8±0.2) mmol/L vs (1.1±0.1)mmol/L]减低,血氧饱和度低于90％的时间占睡眠时间百分比(TST90％) [(27.3±1.5)％vs (0±0)％]、AHI[(45.4±8.6)次/h vs(2.0±0.3)次/h]、总胆固醇(TC)[(4.2±0.5) mmol/L vs (3.7±0.4)mmol/L]、甘油三酯(TG)[(2.5±0.8) mmol/L vs(2.0±0.4)mmol/L]、NHDL-C [(2.6±0.7) mmol/L vs (2.1±0.5)mmol/L]、NHDL-C/apoA-1 (3.2±1.2) vs (2.8±0.9)增高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②NHDL-C/apoA-1在OSAHS患者轻、中、重度3组中随着AHI指数增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).③EH+OSAH患者AHI与NHDL-C/apoA-1呈正相关(r=0.649,P=0.005).④中重度EH+ OSAHS患者nCPAP治疗前后NHDL-C/apoA-1 (2.8±1.1) vs (3.7±1.4)明显下降,差异有统计学意义(t =3.5,P＜0.05).结论 NHDLC/apoA-1与OSAHS 严重程度相关,nCPAP治疗前后NHDL-C/apoA-1明显改善,可能为EH合并OSAHS患者临床治疗的靶标评价和治疗靶点.     

肺血栓栓塞症合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者28例临床特点分析

目的 调查肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)患者合并OSAHS患者的临床特点,研究合并OSAHS对于PTE患者起病及病情严重程度的影响并比较临床干预的差异.方法 分析2002年1月至2010年12月期间北京安贞医院呼吸科收治的28例合并OSAHS的住院PTE患者的一般情况、吸烟指数、栓塞面积、是否合并高血压、肺动脉高压和下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)等,观察动脉血气分析结果、呼吸暂停低通气指数( AHI)、夜间最低脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2)和所接受的临床干预措施,并与30例不合并OSAHS的PTE患者进行比较.结果 合并OSAHA的住院FT'E患者年龄[(55±11)岁]较不合并OSAHS的PTE患者年轻[(66±11)岁,t=3.230,P＜0.01],体重指数[(30.1±2.8)kg/m2 vs (26.1±3.1) kg/m2,t=-4.161,P＜0.001]和吸烟指数[(19±6)包年vs(8±4)包年,t=- 1.713,P＜0.05]均大于后者；Pa02明显低于未合并OSAHS的PTE患者[(70±8) mm Hg vs (79±6) mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa,t =4.233,P＜0.05]；栓塞累及的肺段数量多于不合并OSAHS组[(8±4)个vs(5±3)个,t=-2.496,P＜0.05].2组均采用抗凝和(或)溶栓治疗,部分合并OSAHS的PTE患者在此基础上应用无创正压通气(CPAP)治疗.结论 合并PTE的住院OSAHS患者一般发病年龄较轻,肺栓塞病情较重,临床上需要采取以抗凝和CPAP为主的综合治疗.     

Bartter综合征中的高胰岛素血症

目的 探讨Bartter综合征与胰岛素抵抗、葡萄糖代谢异常之间的关系.方法 选择北京协和医院2003年9月至2008年5月期间诊治的23例Bartter综合征患者[年龄(27±9)岁,空腹血钾(2.8±0.5)mmol/L],20例醛固酮瘤(APA)患者[年龄(45±11)岁,空腹血钾(3.0±0.4)mmol/L]及20例特发性醛固酮增多症(IHA)患者[年龄(51±11)岁,空腹血钾(3.4±0.2)mmol/L]作为研究对象.所有受试对象均行卧立位醛固酮试验和3 h口服葡萄糖耐量试验(3hOGTT),以稳态模型(HOMA)公式计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-IS).结果 Bartter综合征组与IHA组的胰岛素曲线下面积差异无统计学意义[(229.0±162.4)mIU·L-1·h比(227.7±158.6)mIU·L-1·h],明显高于APA组(121.2±81.1)mIU·L-1·h.但Bartter综合征组与APA组的HOMA-IR值差异无统计学意义(1.96±1.14比1.41±0.91),APA组HOMA-IR值显著低于IHA组(2.40±1.59).3组患者HOMA-IS值差异无统计学意义,但APA组[81.7(55.1,181.2)]有低于Bartter组[151.7(102.4,265.5)]和IHA组[131.0(76.5,184.7)]的趋势.3组患者胰岛素分泌高峰均延迟至2 h.结论 Bartter综合征患者存在高胰岛素血症.

Abstract：

Objective To analys hyperinsulinemia in Bartter syndrome. Methods Twenty-three cases of Bartter syndrome [age (27 ±9) years;fasting serum potassium(2. 8 ±0. 5)mmol/L], 20 patients of aldosterone-producing adenoma [APA, age (45 ± 11 ) years, fasting serum potassium ( 3.0 ± 0. 4 ) mmol/L], 20 patients of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism [IHA, age (51 ± 11 ) years, fasting serum potassium (3.4 ±0. 2)mmol/L] were diagnosed in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 2003 to May 2008. All patients underwent 3-hours oral glucose tolerance test(3hOGTT), postural stimulation test and calculated HOMA-insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) and HOMA-insulin sensitivity ( HOMA-IS ) by Homeostasis model.Results The insulin area under curve-(229.0±162.4)mIU·L-1·h] was singnificantly higher than APA group [(227.7±158.6)mIU·-1·h].But HOMA-IR in Bartter group were similar to APA group( 1.96 ± 1.14 vs 1.41 ± 0. 91 ), and HOMA-IR in APA group was lower than IHA group ( 1.96 ± 1.14 vs 2.40 ± 1.60, P ＜ 0. 05 ). There was no deference in HOMA-IS among three groups,but APA group had lower level. In all three groups, the peak of insulin secretion was delayed. Conclusion Bartter syndrome patients commonly present with hyperinsulinemia.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀预防对比剂肾病

Objective To compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention. Methods All patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n =100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 nag at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n =50). Scr, Ccr, blood β2-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups. Results Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Cer was significantly reduced while blood β2-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P ＜ 0.05) . Blood β2-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35±0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67±0.64) mg/L, P =0.008], day 3[(2.49±0.55)mg/L vs. (2.80±0.64) mg/L,P =0.011] and day 5[(2.29±0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56±0.66) nag/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively; urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46±0.34) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], day 3 [(1.30±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59±0.33) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34±0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Cer in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69±20.99) mL/min vs. (65.19±18.72) mL/min,P =0.035], day 3[(64.04±15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79±14.50)ml/min,P =0.019] post-procedure respectively. Conclusion High dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀预防对比剂肾病

Objective To compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention. Methods All patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n =100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 nag at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n =50). Scr, Ccr, blood β2-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups. Results Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Cer was significantly reduced while blood β2-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P ＜ 0.05) . Blood β2-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35±0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67±0.64) mg/L, P =0.008], day 3[(2.49±0.55)mg/L vs. (2.80±0.64) mg/L,P =0.011] and day 5[(2.29±0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56±0.66) nag/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively; urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46±0.34) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], day 3 [(1.30±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59±0.33) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34±0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Cer in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69±20.99) mL/min vs. (65.19±18.72) mL/min,P =0.035], day 3[(64.04±15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79±14.50)ml/min,P =0.019] post-procedure respectively. Conclusion High dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀预防对比剂肾病

Objective To compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention. Methods All patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n =100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 nag at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n =50). Scr, Ccr, blood β2-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups. Results Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Cer was significantly reduced while blood β2-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P ＜ 0.05) . Blood β2-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35±0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67±0.64) mg/L, P =0.008], day 3[(2.49±0.55)mg/L vs. (2.80±0.64) mg/L,P =0.011] and day 5[(2.29±0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56±0.66) nag/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively; urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46±0.34) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], day 3 [(1.30±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59±0.33) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34±0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Cer in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69±20.99) mL/min vs. (65.19±18.72) mL/min,P =0.035], day 3[(64.04±15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79±14.50)ml/min,P =0.019] post-procedure respectively. Conclusion High dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.     

大剂量阿托伐他汀预防对比剂肾病

Objective To compare the efficacy of high and low dose atorvastatin on preventing contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention. Methods All patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/d on the basis of hydrated therapy (n =100) and high dose group received additional atorvastatin 80 nag at 12 to 24 hours before procedure (n =50). Scr, Ccr, blood β2-M, urine NAG/Cr, and urine osmolality before and after the procedure were compared between the groups. Results Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. Cer was significantly reduced while blood β2-M and uric NAG/Cr were significantly increased in low dose group (all P ＜ 0.05) . Blood β2-M in the high dose group was significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(2.35±0.52) mg/L vs. (2.67±0.64) mg/L, P =0.008], day 3[(2.49±0.55)mg/L vs. (2.80±0.64) mg/L,P =0.011] and day 5[(2.29±0.53) mg/L vs. (2.56±0.66) nag/L, P = 0.026] post-procedure respectively; urine NAG/Cr in the high dose group was also significantly lower than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(1.19±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.46±0.34) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], day 3 [(1.30±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.59±0.33) U/mmol, P ＜ 0.001], and day 5 [(1.10±0.30) U/mmol vs. (1.34±0.35) U/mmol, P = 0.001] post-procedure respectively;Cer in the high dose group was significantly higher than that in the low dose group at day 1 [(73.69±20.99) mL/min vs. (65.19±18.72) mL/min,P =0.035], day 3[(64.04±15.82) ml/min vs. (56.79±14.50)ml/min,P =0.019] post-procedure respectively. Conclusion High dose atorvastatin use before angiography is superior than low dose atorvastatin on attenuating contrast induced renal dysfunction.     

二甲双胍在高海拔地区糖尿病治疗中的安全性研究

高海拔地区初诊糖尿病患者61例,个体化治疗基础上全部加用二甲双胍1.5g/d治疗14 d.平均海拔2 260米和2 780米两地区(海拔差580米),氧分压相差3.5 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),初发糖尿病患者在治疗前血乳酸水平即高于正常值.高海拔地区中青年组及老年组治疗前血乳酸水平均较高[(3.90±0.85对3.65±0.70)、(4.67±0.80对3.69±0.78)mmol/L,均P＜0.05],中青年组糖尿病患者加用二甲双胍14 d后血乳酸水平未显著上升[(4.50±0.50和3.79±0.62)mmol/L,P＞0.05],老年组糖尿病患者加用二甲双胍14 d后血乳酸水平明显上升[(5.59±0.55和5.27±0.43)mmol/L,P＜0.05].因此,在高原地区的老年糖尿病患者应慎用或避免使用二甲双胍.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血脂及血液流变学的变化

目的 观察OSAHS患者血脂、血液流变学的变化,探讨OSAHS与二者变化的相关性.方法 收集2006年8月至2009年4月上海交通大学附属瑞金医院睡眠呼吸疾病诊疗中心就诊的疑有OSAHS者231例,分为4组,确诊OSAHS者中肥胖OSAHS组89例,非肥胖OSAHS组62例;非OSAHS患者中,肥胖组40例,非OSAHS非肥胖组(对照组)40例,检测受试者血脂及血液流变学指标,比较各组间差异.结果 肥胖OSAHS组甘油三酯[(2.74±2.02)mmol/L]、总胆固醇[(5.14±0.96)mmoL/L]均显著高于非肥胖OSAHS组[(1.68±0.83)mmol/L、(4.58±0.93)mmol/L],差异有统计学意义(F=7.77,7.99,均P<0.01);高密度脂蛋白(HDL)[(1.13±0.36)mmol/L]、载脂蛋白A-Ⅰ(apoA-Ⅰ)[(1.20±0.20)mmol/L],显著低于非肥胖OSAHS组[(1.31±0.30)mmol/L、(1.26±0.18)mmol/L].肥胖OSAHS组全血黏度(高切、中切和低切)明显高于非肥胖OSAHS组,差异有统计学意义(F=8.81～11.99,P<0.05).非肥胖OSAHS全血黏度(高切、中切和低切)、红细胞压积(HCT)显著高于对照组(F=6.42～11.99,均P<0.05),组间血脂各项指标末见差异.肥胖OSAHS组全血黏度(高切、中切和低切)及HCT明显高于肥胖组,两组间血脂指标均无差异.非肥胖OSAHS组中轻、中、重度亚组与对照组比较,所有血脂指标差异均无统计学意义(F=0.41～2.23,P>0.05).肥胖OSAHS组中轻、中、重度亚组与肥胖组比较,血脂指标差异均无统计学意义(F=0.12～2.10,P>0.05).结论 OSAHS可能与血脂异常无显著相关,肥胖是导致OSAHS患者血脂代谢紊乱的重要因素;OSAHS与血液流变学异常变化密切相关.     

中老年男性高血压患者血压晨峰临床分析

目的 研究中老年男性高血压患者血压晨峰发生情况与血压变异性、降压药物的关系.方法 对2009年1月至2010年12月住院或体检的中老年军人进行问卷及体格检查、实验室检查及动态血压监测,并根据血压晨峰程度是否超过35 mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa)分为晨峰组(101例)和非晨峰组(420例)进行组间比较.结果 中老年男性高血压患者血压晨峰的发生率为19.4％,其中老年和超高龄患者血压晨峰患病率高于中年患者(18.9％、21.8％、5.6％,P＜0.01);与非晨峰组比较,晨峰组具有较高的日间平均收缩压[(132.8±13.3) mm Hg比(128.8±13.3)mm Hg]、空腹血糖水平[(5.96±1.59) mmol/L比(5.68±1.22) mmol/L,P＜0.05]以及24h血压变异性;服用利尿剂组晨峰发生率较未服用组高(27.4％比17.6％,P＜0.05).结论 老年高血压患者易出现血压晨峰现象,空腹血糖水平、24h血压变异性可能是血压晨峰的影响因素,利尿剂可能不利于血压晨峰的控制.     

缬沙坦联合氨氯地平或氢氯噻嗪对老年高血压患者血压变异性的影响

目的 比较缬沙坦联合氨氯地平或氢氯噻嗪对老年高血压患者血压变异性及一氧化氮、内皮素的影响.方法选取61例2、3级老年高血压患者,随机分为两组,分别给予缬沙坦+氨氯地平或缬沙坦+氢氯噻嗪行降压治疗,观察入选时、治疗第8周和第16周各种相关指示的变化.人选时检测血脂、空腹血糖、血尿酸,试验各个阶段监测24 h动态血压,检测血浆一氧化氮、内皮素水平.结果在患者入选时、治疗第8周和第16周三个时间点,缬沙坦+氨氯地平组和缬沙坦+氢氯噻嗪组24 h血压及白昼血压比较差异无统计学意义.治疗第16周,缬沙坦+氨氯地平组晨峰收缩压较缬沙坦+氢氯嚷嗪组明显降低[(22.6±8.8)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)比(26.3±13.7)mm Hg,P＜0.05];缬沙坦+氨氯地平组及缬沙坦+氢氯噻嗪组24 h收缩压变异性(SBPV)进行性降低[缬沙坦+氨氯地平组:(12.5±2.8)mm Hg比(10.2 ±2.2)mm Hg比(8.8±1.6)mm Hg,P＜0.01;缬沙坦±氢氯噻嗪组:(12.5±2.5)mmHg比(10.7±2.2)mm Hg比(9.6±2.0)mmHg,P＜0.01],缬沙坦+氨氯地平组及缬沙坦+氢氯噻嗪组白昼SBPV明显降低[缬沙坦+氨氯地平组:(12.2±3.0)mm Hg比(10.1±2.3)mm Hg比(8.4±1.9)mm Hg,P＜0.01;缬沙坦+氢氯噻嗪组:(11.8±2.7)mm Hg比(10.4±1.9)mm Hg比(9.6±2.2)mm Hg,P＜0.01],缬沙坦+氨氯地平组24 h舒张压变异性(DBPV)显著降低[(15.5±3.4)mm Hg比(13.0±3.5)mm Hg比(12.3±2.5)mm Hg,P＜0.01],缬沙坦+氢氯噻嗪组24 h DBPV无显著性变化;缬沙坦+氨氯地平组第16周白昼SBPV低于缬沙坦+氢氯噻嗪组[(8.4±1.9)mm Hg比(9.6 ±2.2)mm Hg,p＜0.05],缬沙坦+氨氯地平第8周、第16周的24 h DBPV、白昼DBPV低于缬沙坦+氢氯噻嗪组(P ＜0.01～0.05);缬沙坦+氨氯地平组一氧化氮进行性升高[(27.3±13.6)μmol/L比(47.2±16.3)μmol/L比(69.5±18.9)μmol/L,P＜0.01]、内皮素进行性降低[(45.3±8.0)ng/L比(37.4±3.9)ng/L比(34.2±4.4)ng/L,P＜0.01];缬沙坦+氢氯噻嗪组一氧化氮进行性升高[(33.5±13.9)μmol/L 比(49.7±21.9)μmol/L比(66.7 ±24.7)μmol/L,P＜0.01]、内皮素显著降低[(46.6±10.4)ng/L比(37.0±5.4)ng/L比(36.1±8.2)ng/L,P＜0.01].治疗第8周,缬沙坦+氨氯地平组收缩压变异性的降幅与一氧化氮的升幅有相关性(r =0.401,P=0.025).结论缬沙坦联合氨氯地平或氢氯噻嗪均能降低老年高血压患者血压变异性、改善血管内皮功能,缬沙坦联合氨氯地平可能更适合于老年高血压患者.     

丙氨酸转移酶升高的2型糖尿病患者伴有更多的心血管风险因素

根据血丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平将4 509例2型糖尿病患者分为A组(n=449,ALT增高)和B组(n=4 060,ALT正常),ALT升高的患者为10%.与B组患者相比,A组患者相对年龄更轻[(48.5±11.3对55.7±11.4)岁,P＜0.01]、糖尿病病程更短[(36.8±45.0对56.2±58.8)个月,P＜0.01]、体重指数以及腰臀比更大[(27.7±3.9对25.8±3.4)kg/m2,P＜0.01;0.95±0.06对0.93±0.07,P＜0.01].两组之间的血压存在差别[收缩压(132±19对131±21)mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa,P=0.60;舒张压(78±10对75±10)mm Hg,P＜0.01].A组的空腹血糖[(9.04±2.91对8.63±3.05)mmol/L,P=0.008]、餐后血糖[(13.85±4.67对13.07±4.92)mmol/L,P=0.002]、HbA1C(8.11%±1.82%对7.74%±1.96%,P＜0.01)、空腹胰岛素[(10.59±7.31对7.97±7.18)mU/L,P＜0.01]和餐后胰岛素[(48.96±43.80对35.25±32.37)mU/L,P＜0.01]及稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR,4.11±2.85对3.00±2.92,P＜0.01)、甘油三酯[(2.77±2.50对2.19±2.99)mmoL/L,P＜0.01]明显增高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇[HDL-C,(1.20±0.30对1.29±0.83)mmol/L,P=0.01]更低.Logistic回归分析说明,HbA1C、餐后胰岛素、HOMA-IR、尿酸和尿白蛋白与ALT水平正相关,HDL-C则为负相关.提示ALT增高的2型糖尿病患者发病年龄更轻,有更严重的胰岛素抵抗和更多的心血管危险因素.     

中青年男性血清睾酮与代谢综合征的关系

目的 探讨中青年男性血清睾酮与代谢综合征(MS)的关系.方法 选取85例20～50岁男性为研究对象,分为MS组(n=36)和对照组(n=49).应用放射免疫分析法测定血清睾酮水平.结果 MS组血清睾酮水平低于对照组[(20.06±5.31)nmol/L vs.(25.02±6.97)nmol/L](P＜0.01).睾酮...     

联合降压对中青年女性高血压病患者性功能的影响

目的 探讨以非洛地平为基础的联合降压方案在降压达标的基础上对中青年女性高血压病患者性功能的影响.方法 研究采用前瞻性、随机、平行、对照、开放、固定治疗的设计方案.选择2008-2009年在兰州大学第二医院就诊的中青年(年龄18～60岁)女性1～2级高血压病患者99例,随机分2组:非洛地平缓释片5 mg/d+厄贝沙坦片150 mg/d(F+I组,n=49),非洛地平缓释片5 mg/d+琥珀酸美托洛尔片47.5 mg/d(F+M组,n=50).以美国女性性功能指数量表(FSFI)进行问卷调查并检测血清雌二醇和总睾酮的含量,随访24周.FSFI总分以小于25.5定义为性功能障碍,以血压＜140/90 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)为达标.结果 F+I组与F+M组治疗第4、8、12周和第24周血压达标率分别为42.9%比62.0%、89.8%比90.0%、93.9%比94.0%和98.0%比96.0%,两组之间比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).绝经前与绝经后患者在F+I组治疗后性欲指数和性唤起功能指数均升高(P分别＜0.05或＜0.01),雌二醇水平升高[绝经前:(50.3±37.4)pg/L比(54.4±10.8)pg/L,绝经后:(18.4±2.9)pg/L比(20.2±3.1)pg/L,P分别＜0.05或＜0.01],睾酮水平下降[绝经前:(722.8±277.1)ng/L比(650.0±156.0)ng/L,绝经后:(841.2±279.3)ng/L比(761.9±197.8)ng/L,P分别＜0.05或＜0.01];在F+M组治疗后性欲指数和阴道湿润度指数均降低(均P＜0.01),雌二醇水平降低[绝经前:(57.4±9.7)pg/L比(51.1±12.1)pg/L,绝经后:(19.8±2.3)pg/L比(17.8±3.3)pg/L,均P＜0.01],睾酮水平升高[绝经前:(775.6±217.8)ng/L比(886.0±186.4)ng/L,绝经后:(812.5±311.3)ng/L比(914.4±300.2)ng/L,均P＜0.01].高血压组FSFI总分与年龄和收缩压水平均呈负相关(均P＜0.01).结论 非洛地平缓释片与厄贝沙坦片或琥珀酸美托洛尔片联合降压达标率相同.前者可以在一定程度改善女性高血压病患者性功能.