精神分裂症与载脂蛋白E基因的关联研究

目的 探讨汉族人群载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因与精神分裂症的相关性.方法 应用聚合酶链反应扩增技术及限制性片段长度多态性测定100例精神分裂症患者(男女各50例)及64例正常对照(男女各32例)的ApoE基因型分布和等位基因频率.结果 ApoE基因型总体分布患者组(ε2/2,1%;ε2/3,6%;ε2/4,1%;ε3/3,78%;ε3/4,13%;ε4/4,1%)和对照组(ε2/2,0;ε2/3,13%;ε2/4,3%;ε3/3,64%;ε3/4,19%;ε4/4,2%)差异无显著性(P＞0.05),ApoE等位基因总体分布患者组(ε2,5%;ε3,88%;ε4,8%)和对照组(ε2,8%;ε3,80%;ε4,13%)差异无显著性(P＞0.05).女性患者组与女性对照组的ApoE基因型分布存在显著差异,女性病人的ε3/3基因型频率(RR=3.84,P＜0.05)和ε3等位基因型频率(RR=3.06,P＜0.05)明显高于女性对照组.结论 ApoE基因对精神分裂症易患性的影响可能存在性别上的差异,ε3等位基因可能与女性精神分裂症的发病相关联.     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与老年人轻度认知功能障碍的关联研究

目的 研究江西省老年人载脂蛋白E基因( ApoE)多态性的分布及其与轻度认知功能障碍( MCI)的关系. 方法以符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版( DSM-IV)诊断标准的120例MCI老人作为患者组,以120例健康体检者作为对照组,使用聚合酶链反应对其进行ApoE基因多态性的检测. 结果 两组人群中ApoEε3/3基因型分布的百分比最大,其次为ApoEε3/4,而ApoEε2/2最少;患者组和对照组ApoEε4基因频率分别为14. 17%、7. 91%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2 =4. 77,P<0. 05),两组人群中ApoEε3等位基因分布的百分比最大;ApoEε4等位基因与MCI呈正相关性(OR =1. 92,P =0. 029). 结论 江西省汉族老人中, ApoEε3/3为最常见的基因型, ApoEε3 为最常见的等位基因,ApoEε4等位基因可能是老年人MCI发病的危险因子.     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与血脂代谢的关系

目的 :研究载脂蛋白E基因多态性与健康人群血脂谱改变的关系。方法 :随机选择 1 68例江苏地区无血缘关系健康汉族人群 ,聚合酶链反应扩增ApoE基因包含编码 1 1 2及 1 58多态位点的片段 ,CfoI酶切后检测ApoE基因型。分析各基因型及等位基因对血脂、载脂蛋白及脂蛋白 (a)的影响。结果 :载脂蛋白E各等位基因血清总胆固醇 (TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)及载脂蛋白B(ApoB)水平由高到低依此为ε4>ε3>ε2 。ε2 等位基因具有明显的降低TC、LDL C和ApoB的作用 ;而ε4等位基因的作用正相反。结论 :载脂蛋白E基因多态性是个体间血脂谱差异的独立遗传因素。     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与散发阿尔茨海默病的关系

目的:探讨载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与散发阿尔茨海默病(sporadic Alzheimer disease ,SAD)的关系.方法:通过DNA直接测序的方法检查30例SAD和30例正常老人ApoE基因的3个编码外显子.结果:ApoEε4等位基因频率(23.3%,8.3%)及ε4/4,ε3/4,ε2/4基因型合并后其基因型频率(40%,16.7%)在SAD和对照组之间有显著差异(χ2=5.065, P＜0.05;χ2=4.022,P＜0.05);SAD组ε2等位基因频率与对照组相比差异不明显.结论:结果提示ApoEε4等位基因为本地区老年人群的危险因素.     

河南汉族人群载脂蛋白E基因型与血脂水平的关系

目的：研究河南汉族人群中载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因型和等位基因频率以及ApoE表型与血脂水平之间的关系。方法：运用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测了317例健康人的ApoE基因型,按标准酶法和免疫学方法测定血脂和载脂蛋白。结果：研究对象的ε2,ε3和ε4等位基因频率分别为0.068、0.869和0.063,与中国其他地区汉族人群比较差异无显著性。携带ε4等位基因的个体具有较高的TC及LDL-C水平。通过人种间比较发现ε4等位基因频率在白种人群中较高。结论：黄种人群ε4等位基因频率较白种人低;ApoE基因多态性影响血中胆固醇水平。     

广州市40~65岁居民载脂蛋白E基因多态性与血脂水平的关系

 【目的】探讨载脂蛋白E（apolipoprotein E，ApoE）基因多态性与广州市中老年人群血脂水平的关系，以期为进一步研究提供基础和线索。【方法】采用等位基因特异性多重聚合酶链反应（ARMS-PCR）技术对624名40~65岁广州居民进行ApoE基因多态性检测，分析人群ApoE基因频率分布特点，并比较分析不同ApoE基因型血脂水平的关系。【结果】共检出6种基因型，以E3/3型最为常见，占67.95%，其次是E2/3和E3/4，分别占14.74%和13.62%，E2/4、E4/4和E2/2三种基因型分别占1.76%、1.12%和0.80%；等位基因以ε3分布频率最高，为82.13%，ε2、ε4等位基因频率分别为9.05%和8.81%；男性和女性ApoE基因型分布无差异。ε2等位基因携带者的TC、LDL、ApoB和LDL-C/HDL-C水平显著低于ε3和ε4等位基因携带者（all P＜0.05），而ApoA1/ApoB则显著高于ε3、ε4等位基因携带者（P＜0.01）。【结论】ε2等位基因携带者的血浆TC、LDL及ApoB水平较低，ε2等位基因有利于个体血脂维持在较理想水平。     

湿热体质与平和体质原发性血脂异常者ApoE基因多态性研究

目的:研究中医湿热体质与平和体质血脂异常者载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性的关系。方法:采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法及基因测序技术检测30例湿热体质血脂异常者(实验组)和30例平和体质血脂异常者(对照组)的ApoE基因型和等位基因频率,分析两种体质与ApoE基因多态性的相关性。结果:(1)实验组中共检出五种基因型ε2/ε3、ε2/ε4、ε3/ε3、ε3/ε4、ε4/ε4,频率分别为:10%、10%、36.66%、16.67%、26.67%;对照组检出四种基因型ε2/ε3、ε2/ε4、ε3/ε3、ε3/ε4;频率分别为:13.33%、6.67%、66.67%、13.33%。在实验组中,以ε3/ε3基因型最多,其次为ε4/ε4基因型;对照组中也是以ε3/ε3基因型最多,其次为ε2/ε3、ε3/ε4基因型。本实验观察组和对照组均未检出ε2/ε2基因型。实验组人群ApoE等位基因频率为:ε2 10.00%、ε350.00%、ε4 40.00%;对照组人群ApoE等位基因频率为:ε2 10.00%、ε3 80.00%、ε4 10.00%。(2)实验组和对照组ApoE六种基因型和ApoE三种等位基因分布有差异,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组ApoE基因型ε4/ε4频率明显高于对照组(χ2=9.231,P<0.05);ε3/ε3频率明显低于对照组(χ2=5.406,P<0.05)。而ε2/ε3、ε2/ε4、ε3/ε4分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组ApoE等位基因ε4频率明显高于对照组(χ2=7.200,P<0.05);ε3频率明显低于对照组(χ2=5.934,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论:原发性血脂异常平和质和湿热质者在ApoE基因型和等位基因分布上有差异。ApoE基因型ε4/ε4和等位基因ε4具有更明显的湿热体质倾向,可能更易于形成湿热体质血脂异常或其与湿热体质血脂异常关联的可能性大。ApoE基因型ε3/ε3和等位基因ε3具有更明显的平和质倾向,可能更易于形成平和质血脂异常或其与平和质血脂异常关联的可能性大。     

绝经后妇女肾虚证与载脂蛋白E基因多态性的相关性

目的探讨绝经后妇女肾虚证与载脂蛋白E（apolipoprotein E,ApoE）基因多态性的相关性。方法以80例绝经后肾虚证妇女及65例绝经后无肾虚证妇女为研究对象,以ApoE基因为候选基因,运用限制性片段长度多态性检测ApoE基因型。结果肾虚组人群ApoE基因型ε2/ε3、ε2/ε4、ε3/ε3、ε3/ε4和ε4/ε4频率分别为11．25％、8．75％、58．75％、11．25％、10．00％,对照组人群ApoE基因型ε2/ε3、ε2/ε4、ε3/ε3、ε3/ε4、ε4/ε4频率分别为15．38％、6．15％、69．23％、9．24％、0;肾虚组人群ApoE等位基因ε2、ε3、ε4频率分别为10．00％、70．00％、20．00％,对照组ε2、ε3、ε4频率分别为10．76％、81．55％、7．69％;肾虚组ApoE等位基因ε4频率明显高于正常对照组（χ^2=4．386,P〈0．05）。结论ApoE等位基因ε4频率升高与绝经后妇女肾虚证相关,可能是肾虚证的危险因子;ApoE基因型ε4／ε4是绝经后妇女肾虚证一个有用的标志物。     

聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性检测载脂蛋白E基因多态性及初步应用

目的 :建立聚合酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性 (PCR- RFL P)分析结合 DNA直接银染技术检测载脂蛋白 E基因多态性。方法 :选择江苏地区汉族健康人 16 8例及冠心病 6 3例 ,PCR扩增 Apo E基因第 4外显子包含编码第 112位和第 15 8位氨基酸残基的基因序列 ,cfo I限制性内切酶酶切后电泳 ,银染色后分析 Apo E基因型。结果 :汉族健康人群及冠心病人群 Apo E基因型频率分别为 :ε2 /2 0 .6 % ,0 ;ε2 /3 11.9% ,14.3% ;ε2 /4 1.2 % ,4.8% ;ε3/4 10 .7% ,17.5 % ;ε3/3 75 .0 % ,6 1.9% ;ε4/4 0 .6 % ,1.6 % ;Apo E等位基因频率分别为 :ε2 7.14% ,9.5 2 % ;ε386 .31% ,77.78% ;ε46 .5 5 % ,12 .70 %。结论 :PCR- RFL P方法快速、简便、准确性和可靠性高 ,适合普通实验室开展及大规模研究     

老年人载脂蛋白E基因多态性、骨密度和骨量丢失

目的：探讨老年人载脂蛋白E（ApoE）基因多态性与髋骨密度（BMD）、骨丢失的关系。方法：随机选取沈阳市60岁以上汉族健康老年人100名,用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RELP）方法检测ApoE基因型,用DPX-L双能X线吸收仪（Lunar,USA）分别在2000年和2005年两次测量研究对象髋部骨密度。结果：该人群ApoE基因型频率分布为E2/3：17%,E3/3：66%,E3/4：15%,E4/4：1%,没有E2/2和E4/4型。等位基因频率分部为ε2：8%,ε3：84%,ε4：8%。无论男女携带ApoE4基因组和不携带ApoE4基因组间年龄、身高和体重均无差异。在2000年,携带ApoE4基因组和不携带ApoE4基因组两组股骨颈、大转子和Ward区的骨密度经身高、体重和年龄校正后,男女均没有显著性差异;相同分析各部位年骨丢失率也没有显著性差异。结论：该人群ApoE基因型与髋部骨密度无明显相关性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.