法乐氏四联症患者左心功能有创、无创的对比研究

对２０例法乐氏四联症（ＴＯＦ）患者，行超声心动图、左室电影造影对比研究。超声胸骨旁长轴切面和剑下四腔切面的双面法与造影相关性最好（ｒ．ＬＶＥＤＶ＝０．９２３）；胸骨旁长轴切面与造影相关系数为ｒＬＶＥＤＶ＝０．９２１；超声结果均小于造影结果。ＴＯＦ的ＬＶＥＤＶＩ明显小于正常（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＥＦ无明显差别。ＥＦ与术前ＬＹＥＤＶＩ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４６，Ｐ＜０．０５）；与术后血压呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４９．Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

老年高血压心肌肥厚患者的年龄与心率变异指数

目的了解老年高血压心肌肥厚患者的年龄与心率变异性指数（ＨＲＶＩ）的关系。方法１７１例老年及老年前期高血压心肌肥厚患者经超声心动图和２４小时动态心电图测定左室质量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）、左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）、ＨＲＶＩ，并采用多元逐步回归法分析了年龄与ＨＲＶＩ的关系。结果ＨＲＶＩ减低的发生率和平均ＨＲＶＩ在４５～５９岁组（４５例）为５７．８％，２４．７±９．１；在６０～７４岁组（７０例），为６７．１％，２２．９±１０．３；在≥７５岁组（５６例）为７６．８％，２０．９±８．７（Ｐ＜０．０５）。多元逐步回归分析显示，ＨＲＶＩ的变化与年龄（ｒ＝－０．２７４６，Ｐ＝０．０００１２）和ＬＶＭＩ（ｒ＝－０．４０１５，Ｐ＝０．０００２１）呈负相关关系，而与ＬＶＥＦ呈正相关关系（ｒ＝０．４２８３，Ｐ＝０．００００９）。结论老年高血压左心室肥厚患者随年龄增长ＨＲＶＩ逐渐减低。     

离体鼠心肌缺血再灌注心肌肌钙蛋白T的释放动力学及其与左室功能的关系

利用Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆｆ方法灌注心脏，观察了离体大鼠心脏再灌注后心肌特异性肌钙蛋白Ｔ（ＣａｒｄｉａｃｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｔｒｏｐｏｎｉｎＴ，ＴｎＴ）、磷酸肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）的释放过程及其与左室功能的关系。结果显示：（１）ＴｎＴ呈双峰曲线，再理注后ＴｎＴ迅速上升，５分钟后下降，然后又逐渐升高，４小时仍保持较高水平。ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ呈单峰曲线，再灌注５分钟ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ达高峰，其后逐渐下降，３～４ｈ恢复至基线水平。（２）４小时内ＬＤＨ、ＴｎＴ的总释放量（ΣＬＤＨ、ΣＴｎＴ）与左室压力（ＬＶＰ）呈负相关（ｔ分别为－０．８３、－０．７１，Ｐ均＜０．００２），ΣＣＫ与ＬＶＰ无相关关系。（３）再灌注４小时，１分钟内ＴｎＴ的释放量与ＬＶＰ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．６８，Ｐ＜０．００２），而ＣＫ、ＬＤＨ与ＬＶＰ无相关关系。结果表明，ＴｎＴ可以作为判定心肌细胞坏死程度及左室功能障碍的良好指标，优于传统心肌酶学测定。     

心肌缺血再灌注时内皮细胞损伤功能改变与心肌梗塞面积的关系

目的旨在探讨内皮细胞损伤、功能改变在心肌缺血再灌注（ＭＩＲ）损伤中的发病机制及其与心肌梗塞面积的关系及卡托普利的保护作用。方法用２４只麻醉兔随机分为三组，（１）ＭＩＲ组，（２）ＭＩＲ＋卡托普利治疗组，（３）假手术对照组，观察心肌缺血半小时，再灌注０．５、１．５、６小时血循环内皮细胞（ＣＥＣ），一氧化氮（ＮＯ），内皮素（ＥＴ）的含量变化及其与心肌梗塞面积的关系，静注卡托普利观察其对梗塞面积及上述指标的影响。结果（１）与假手术组比较，再灌注半小时，血ＮＯ下降，ＥＴ升高，其变化于再灌注６小时最明显（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＣＥＣ则以再灌注１．５小时明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（２）再灌注６小时心肌梗塞范围较治疗组明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５），且同一时相点血ＮＯ与心肌梗塞面积呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．９６１，Ｐ＜０．０１），血ＥＴ与心肌梗塞面积呈正相关（ｒ＝０．９２３，Ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）用卡托普利干预后，血ＮＯ有所回升，ＥＴ明显下降，心肌梗塞面积明显缩小。结论ＭＩＲ可诱发内皮功能紊乱，而内皮功能紊乱是再灌注心肌损伤加重的始动因素     

急性心肌梗塞后左室重构变化的研究

应用二维多普勒超声心动图对６８例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者的左室重构（ＬＶＲ）变化进行了观察。结果显示，心肌梗塞后ＬＶＲ早期（３～６周）左室舒张末内径（ＬＶＤｄ）、左室舒张末容积（ＥＤＶ）、左室收缩末容积（ＥＳＶ）、左室收缩期最大室壁应力（Ｅｄｂ）、左室收缩末期室壁应力（Ｅｓｂ）、平均室壁应力（ｍｅａｎｂ）、二尖瓣舒张晚期血流速度峰值（ＰＶＡ）、左房张力（ＬＡＴ）、左房射血力（ＬＡＦ）及峰值充盈速度（ＰＦＲ）显著增大（Ｐ＜０．０１－０．００１），射血分数（ＥＦ）、心输出量（ＣＯ）、左室收缩期圆周指数（ＬＶＳＣＩ）、平均周边纤维缩短速率（ＭＶＣＦ）、二尖瓣舒张早期血流速度峰值（ＰＶＥ）及ＰＶＡ／ＰＶＥ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１－０．００１）。ＬＶＲ晚期（６－１２个月），ＥＤＶ、ＥＳＶ增加，ＥＦ、ＣＯ及ＬＶＳＣＩ降低（Ｐ＜０．００１）；与ＬＶＲ早期比较，ＰＶＥ、ＰＶＡ及ＬＡＦ无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示ＡＭＩ后ＬＶＲ的主要病因是梗塞区膨展、左室扩张、容量负荷及室壁应力增加，从而导致心肌梗塞并发症；ＥＳＶ、ＥＤＶ及ＥＦ可作为了解远期ＡＭＩ患者预后的最佳指标。     

心功能障碍患者心肌组织及血浆肾素－血管紧张素系统、心钠素改变的临床意义

１９例心功能障碍患者的血浆、心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）、心钠素（ＡＮＦ）含量高于正常对照组；血浆ＡｎｇⅡ和ＡＮＦ含量增高与心脏指数（ＣＩ）呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．５９６８，Ｐ＜０．０５；ｒ＝－０．８９９６，Ｐ＜０．０１），心肌ＡｎｇⅡ含量变化与左室心肌重量（ＬＶＭ）呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．５７２３，Ｐ＜０．０５）；提示心脏局部肾素－血管紧张素系统（ＲＡＳ）活性增高和ＡＮＦ变化参与心肌细胞增殖及心室重塑的意义较为突出。     

压力超负荷时大鼠心肌碱性成纤维细胞生长因子表达变化及意义

目的探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）在急性压力超负荷时心肌中的表达及意义。方法采用部分结扎Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠腹主动脉（ＯＧ），并与对照组（ＣＧ）对比检测６个时相点（０．５ｈ，４ｈ，１ｄ，５ｄ，１０ｄ，３０ｄ）的平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）、左室收缩压（ＬＶＳＰ）、左室重量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）；同时分别用免疫组织化学、原位杂交与图象分析半定量技术相结合的方法检测ｂＦＧＦ蛋白及ｍＲＮＡ表达变化。结果（１）ＭＡＰ、ＬＶＳＰ与ＬＶＭＩ分别从４ｈ和５ｄ（Ｐ＜０．０５）开始逐渐增高直到３０ｄ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）ＯＧ中ｂＦＧＦｍＲＮＡ和蛋白分别从１ｄ及５ｄ开始增加（Ｐ＜０．０５），于５ｄ～１０ｄ达峰值，３０ｄ时恢复正常；（３）ＯＧ中ＬＶＭＩ和ＬＶＳＰ分别与ｂＦＧＦｍＲＮＡ及蛋白在１ｄ、５ｄ、１０ｄ时存在显著正相关关系（ｒ＝０．５４７～０．９５６，Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。结论ｂＦＧＦ可能以自分泌和／或旁分泌方式参与急性压力超负荷致心肌肥大的早期病理过程，并不参与其中晚期发病机制     

老年高血压并左室肥厚患者冠脉狭窄改变的特点及其临床意义

目的探讨年龄和左室肥厚（ＬＶＨ）对冠脉狭窄的影响。方法复习８１例伴高血压的冠心病患者超声心动图和冠脉造影资料，观察年龄和ＬＶＨ与冠脉狭窄间的关系。结果（１）老年ＬＶＨ组冠脉狭窄分级明显高于非老年ＬＶＨ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）和老年无ＬＶＨ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）年龄和左室重量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）与冠脉狭窄分级间，分别存在明显的正相关（ｒ＝０．５６，Ｐ＜０．０１和ｒ＝０．４６，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论伴高血压ＬＶＨ的老年冠心病患者，冠脉狭窄重、范围广。     

急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗血清肌钙蛋白T检测的临床价值

为了解肌钙蛋白Ｔ（ＴｎＴ）在不同情况下的释放入血情况以及与心功能受损的关系。本研究用链霉亲和素包被的一步夹心法动态测定了６４例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭⅠ）患者血清ＴｎＴ的浓度，并用超声心动图的方法检查其心功能。结果显示：（１）溶栓组ＴｎＴ释放曲线呈双峰改变；（２）Ⅰ组（溶栓成功组２４例）与Ⅱ组（溶栓失败组１２例）比较，溶栓后２小时内ＴｎＴ上升速度差异有显著性（２．７９±０．９２μｇＬ－１／ｈ对０．５６±０．１２μｇＬ－１／ｈ，Ｐ＜０．０５）；第一峰与第二峰比值差异也有显著性（Ⅰ组１．８７±０．８１对Ⅱ组０．７７±０．２６，Ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）ＴｎＴ平均浓度和持续天数的乘积与１个月左室射血分数呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．８４，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示：血管再通影响ＴｎＴ的释放动力曲线；血清ＴｎＴ２小时内的上升速度以及第一峰与第二峰的比值可作为溶栓成功的临床参考指标之一；ＴｎＴ释放入血的平均浓度与持续天数的乘积基本能反映心功能受损的情况。     

QRS记分法评价老年心肌梗塞患者的左室功能

为评估常规心电图ＱＲＳ记分法评价老年心肌梗塞患者的左室收缩及舒张功能的价值，将常规心电图测得的老年急性心肌梗塞（ｎ＝６７）及陈旧性心肌梗塞（ｎ＝３２）的ＱＲＳ记分与９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩＳＰＥＣＴ心肌显像检测的心肌坏死、心肌疤痕节段数及平衡法核素心血池显像测得的左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）、高峰射血率（ＰＥＲ）、１／３射血分数（１／３ＥＦ）、１／３充盈率（１／３ＦＲ）、高峰充盈率（ＰＦＲ）、１／３射血率（１／３ＥＲ）、１／３充盈分数（１／３ＦＦ）进行相关分析。发现ＱＲＳ记分与急性心肌梗塞者心肌坏死节段数及陈旧性心肌梗塞者的心肌疤痕节段数显著相关，ｒ分别为０．７８，０．６６，Ｐ均＜０．０００１；与反映收缩功能的ＬＶＥＦ、ＰＥＲ、１／３ＥＦ、１／３ＥＲ呈明显负相关，ｒ分别为－０．７３和－０．８６，－０．５５和－０．７３，－０．３６和－０．５５，－０．６５和－０．７７，Ｐ均＜０．０５；与反映舒张功能的ＰＦＲ、１／３ＦＲ、１／３ＦＦ亦呈明显相关，ｒ分别为－０．４５和０．４１，－０．４９和－０．５２，－０．３８和－０．３６，Ｐ均＜０．０５。说明ＱＲＳ记分可用于估测心肌梗塞面积、左室收缩及舒张功能。     

Anaerobic myocardial abscess following myocardial infarction

An anaerobic myocardial abscess due to Bacteroides fragilis developed in a 60-year-old man when he had an acute myocardial infarction while recuperating from surgery for a paracolonic abscess. Anaerobic bacteremia is a common event and may lead to infection in areas of low oxygen tension far removed from the original portal of entry.     

曲尼司特对心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化的影响

目的探讨曲尼司特对兔心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化干预作用。方法结扎左前降支制作兔心肌梗死模型,分实验组和对照组。3周后经胃管分别给予曲尼司特及安慰剂1月,心脏彩超评价心功能并检测血清转化生长因子（transform ing growth factor,TGF-β1）,I、III型胶原浓度及组织羟脯胺酸含量。结果实验组治疗前后心功能、心腔内径、室壁厚度明显改善,血清TGF-β1,I、III型胶原浓度及羟脯胺酸含量较对照组明显下降。结论曲尼司特可有效拮抗心肌梗死后心肌间质纤维化,预防心室重构。     

Transient myocardial ischaemia after acute myocardial infarction

The prevalence and characteristics of transient myocardial ischaemia were studied in 203 patients with recent acute myocardial infarction by both early (6.4 days) and late (38 days) ambulatory monitoring of the ST segment. Transient ST segment depression was much commoner during late (32% patients) than early (14%) monitoring. Most transient ischaemia (greater than 85% episodes) was silent and 80% of patients had only silent episodes. During late monitoring painful ST depression was accompanied by greater ST depression and tended to occur at a higher heart rate. Late transient ischaemia showed a diurnal distribution, occurred at a higher initial heart rate, and was more often accompanied by a further increase in heart rate than early ischaemia. Thus in the first 2 months after myocardial infarction transient ischaemia became increasingly common and more closely associated with increased myocardial oxygen demand. Because transient ischaemic episodes during early and late ambulatory monitoring have dissimilar characteristics they may also have different pathophysiologies and prognostic implications.     

Assessment of myocardial viability using myocardial contrast echocardiography

Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is a technique that uses microbubbles as a tracer during simultaneous ultrasound of the heart. The microbubbles can be used to provide quantitative information regarding the adequacy of myocardial blood flow (MBF), as well as the spatial extent of microvascular integrity. In acute myocardial infarction, MCE can identify the presence of collateral flow within the risk area, and can therefore predict preservation of myocardial viability and ultimate infarct size even prior to reperfusion. After reperfusion, the extent of microvascular no-reflow can be determined, and has significant implications for recovery of left ventricular function. In chronic ischemic heart disease, MCE has also been shown to successfully differentiate viable from necrotic myocardium. This technique can accurately predict recovery of function after revascularization. More importantly, MCE can be used to identify viable segments that may help to prevent infarct expansion and remodeling, and thus improve patient outcomes.     

经静脉心肌声学造影评价心肌梗死后存活心肌的价值

目的　探讨经静脉心肌声学造影 (MCE)对心肌梗死后存活心肌的诊断价值。方法　 2 4例心肌梗死患者用二维超声评价室壁运动情况 ,同时经静脉进行MCE ,以 3个月后静态超声心动图左室心肌节段性运动改善为依据评价MCE对心肌梗死后存活心肌的诊断价值。结果　在 2 4例病人的 384个心肌节段中 ,运动异常节段 184个。在运动异常的 184个节段中 ,MCE1分 39段 ,0 5分 5 0段 ,0分 95段。 3个月复查 79个节段有运动改善 ,其中 39段来自MCE1分的心肌 ,4 0段来自MCE0 5分的心肌。MCE对预测心肌梗死后室壁运动改善的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为 :10 0 %、89 7%、84 8%、10 0 %和 94 6 %。结论　MCE能比较准确地预测心肌梗死后心肌的存活性     

Assessment of myocardial viability with myocardial contrast echocardiography

The application of noninvasive imaging techniques to assess myocardial viability has become an important part of routine management of patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic coronary artery disease. Information regarding the presence and extent of viability may help identify patients likely to benefit from revascularization or therapy directed at attenuating left ventricular remodeling. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is capable of defining the presence and extent of viability by providing an accurate assessment of microvascular integrity needed to maintain myocellular viability. It is especially suited for the spatial assessment of perfusion, even when myocardial blood flow is reduced substantially in the presence of severe epicardial stenoses or in a bed dependent on collateral perfusion. The routine use of MCE to evaluate viability in patients with acute and chronic coronary artery disease is now feasible with the advent of new imaging technologies and microbubble agents capable of myocardial opacification from venous injections. The utility of this technique for determining treatment strategies has not been established but is forthcoming.     

Transient myocardial ischaemia after acute myocardial infarction.

The prevalence and characteristics of transient myocardial ischaemia were studied in 203 patients with recent acute myocardial infarction by both early (6.4 days) and late (38 days) ambulatory monitoring of the ST segment. Transient ST segment depression was much commoner during late (32% patients) than early (14%) monitoring. Most transient ischaemia (greater than 85% episodes) was silent and 80% of patients had only silent episodes. During late monitoring painful ST depression was accompanied by greater ST depression and tended to occur at a higher heart rate. Late transient ischaemia showed a diurnal distribution, occurred at a higher initial heart rate, and was more often accompanied by a further increase in heart rate than early ischaemia. Thus in the first 2 months after myocardial infarction transient ischaemia became increasingly common and more closely associated with increased myocardial oxygen demand. Because transient ischaemic episodes during early and late ambulatory monitoring have dissimilar characteristics they may also have different pathophysiologies and prognostic implications.