机械通气序贯应用抢救慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭23例

目的 :探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)并发呼吸衰竭行无创机械通气可行性。方法 :COPD46例 ,随机分为 2组。序贯组待肺部感染控制可排痰时拔管 ,改用经鼻面罩压力支持 +呼气末正压通气 ,以后渐减压力支持通气 (PSV)水平直至脱离呼吸机。结果 :序贯组与对照组比较 :有创通气时间分别为 6.9± 3 .1天 ,2 5 .3± 13 .2天 (P<0 .0 1) ,总机械通气时间 18.0± 7.0天 ,2 5 .3± 13 .2天 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,呼吸机相关性肺炎 (VAP)发生分别为 0例、11例 (P<0 .0 1)。院内死亡分别为 2例、4例 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,住院时间分别为 2 2± 9天、3 2± 9天 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :COPD并发呼吸衰竭患者肺部感染控制后拔管 ,改用经鼻面罩无创通气可缩短机械通气时间 ,提高疗效。     

有创与无创序贯机械通气治疗COPD重症呼吸衰竭

目的　评价序贯机械通气治疗COPD重症呼吸衰竭的效果。　方法　选择 2 1例行气管插管机械通气的COPD患者作为序贯治疗组 ,以SIMV +PSV +PEEP方式行机械通气 ,待“肺部感染控制窗”出现 ,拔除气管插管 ,改为经面罩BIPAP无创通气 ,渐至脱机。另选病情相同的 2 1例为对照组 ,行常规有创通气 ,最后以PSV方式至撤机。动态观察两组病例治疗前后各项指标 :以前插管例数 ,呼吸频率 ,血压 ,心率 ,有创通气时间 ,VAP发生例数 ,总机械通气时间 ,住院时间 ,监护时间 ,撤机成功例数 ,院内死亡例数 ,住院费用。　结果　序贯治疗组与对照组 ,有创通气时间分别是 7.4 9± 0 .2 7d和 16 .4 1± 0 .5 3d(P <0 .0 0 1) ,VAP发生例数分别为 0和 16 (χ2 =2 2 .72 ,P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;住院时间分别为 16 .83± 1.88d和 2 6 .4 3± 1.94d(P <0 .0 0 1) ;治疗费用分别为 1.0 1± 0 .2万元 ,1.82± 0 .5万元 (P <0 .0 0 1)。　结论　对COPD严重呼吸衰竭病例 ,待”肺部感染控制窗”出现 ,立即改为BIPAP面罩通气 ,可明显提高治疗效果陈琳 ,女 ,1968年 7月出生 ,大学本科 ,呼吸内科主治医师 ,发表论文 4篇     

有创与无创序贯性通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺病重症呼吸衰竭

目的　探讨有创与无创序贯疗法通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)合并呼吸衰竭的疗效。方法　 2 0例COPD患者分为序贯通气治疗组与机械通气组各 10例。分别观察血气分析 ,通气时间 ,呼吸机相关性肺炎 (VAP)等指标。结果　序贯治疗组有创通气时间、VAP等与对照组相比(P <0 0 5 )差异有显著性。结论　序贯通气治疗慢阻肺合并呼吸衰竭优于机械通气法 ,有一定的临床应用价值     

有创无创机械通气序贯治疗慢性阻塞性肺病的观察与护理

目的:观察有创无创机械通气序贯治疗慢性阻塞性肺病时的病情变化及护理。方法:对20例慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)伴严重呼吸衰竭使用气管插管机械通气的患者,以无创通气(NIV)序贯脱机。结果:由有创机械通气改为NIV序贯脱机治疗成功率95%,平均有创通气时间6.0±2.1天,NIV通气时间4.0±3.2天。结论:NIV作为COPD患者从有创机械通气脱机的过渡具有较好的效果。     

有创与无创序贯性机械通气在救治危重肺心病呼吸衰竭患者中的疗效观察

目的探讨有创与无创序贯性机械通气在危重肺心病呼吸衰竭患者救治中的方法与疗效。方法对36例危重肺心病呼吸衰竭患者进行气管插管人工机械通气,将有创机械通气5 d符合无创通气标准患者36例,随机分为2组,每组18例。Ⅰ组给予拔除气管插管改面罩机械通气,Ⅱ组继续有创机械通气,两组同时进行监护,观察患者病情变化、血气分析、呼吸机相关肺炎例数、死亡例数、机械通气时间及住院时间。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组患者发生呼吸机相关肺炎的例数分别为0和6例(P<0．05),机械通气时间分别为134±6 d和224±14 d(P<0．05);住院时间为164±6 d和284±12 d(P<0．05)。结论在适当时机将有创通气改为无创通气,可降低危重肺心病呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机相关肺炎发生率,缩短机械通气时间和住院时间,降低医疗费用,是救治危重肺心病呼吸衰竭患者值得提倡的机械通气策略。     

序贯性机械通气治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病重度呼吸衰竭

目的　评价有创与无创序贯性机械通气对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)重度呼吸衰竭 (呼衰 )的疗效。方法　选择接受气管插管机械通气的老年COPD重度呼衰病例随机分为序贯治疗组和对照组各 30例。两组均以同步间歇指令 +压力支持 +呼气末正压 (SIMV +PSV +PEEP)方式行机械通气 ,当“肺部感染基本控制”时 ,序贯组改为鼻 (面 )罩PSV +PEEP方式通气 ,以后渐减PSV水平直至撤机 ;对照组则以SIMV +PSV方式过度撤机。结果　序贯组与对照组有创通气时间、总通气时间、呼吸机相关肺炎发生例数、住ICU时间各项指标均有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　对老年COPD重度呼衰插管上机病例以“肺部感染基本控制”为时机改用鼻 (面 )罩无创机械通气可显著改善治疗效果     

序贯机械通气救治COPD并急性呼衰的运用

目的探讨有创与无创序贯机械通气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并急性呼吸衰竭患者救治中的方法与疗效。方法对56例COPD并急性呼吸衰竭患者实施有创机械通气当肺部感染基本控制时随机分为两组,每组28例。Ⅰ组继续行有创通气,Ⅱ组改为面罩无创机械通气。两组同时进行监护,观察两组患者血气分析、呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)例数、死亡例数、机械通气时间及住ICU时间。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组患者发生VAP的例数分别为16和3例(P<0.05);死亡例数分别为4例和2例(P>0.05);总机械通气时间为(21±12)d和(11±6)d(P<0.05);住ICU时间为(26±12)d和(15±9)d(P<0.05)。结论COPD并急性呼吸衰竭患者实施有创机械通气,当肺部感染基本控制时改用无创通气可以降低VAP发生率,缩短机械通气时间和住ICU时间。     

面罩机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病所致单纯急性呼吸衰竭的研究

目的 :评价面罩机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)所致单纯急性呼吸衰竭的治疗效果及应用价值。方法 :选择接受机械通气的因慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)所致单纯急性呼吸衰竭病例 13例。其中 7例应用面罩机械 (PSV或A C)通气 ;另外 6例作为对照组 ,建立人工气道 ,行有创机械通气 ,并以PSV或PSV +SIMV方式撤机。动态观察两组病例的通气及氧合指标 ,总机械通气时间 ,住院天数及呼吸机相关肺炎的发生情况。结果 :两组的治疗效果相仿 (P >0 .0 5 )。无创与有创总机械通气时间分别为 ( 5 .6± 1.2 )和 ( 10 .0± 3)d(P <0 .0 5 ) ;住院时间分别为 ( 14± 5 )和 ( 2 4± 11)d(P <0 .0 1) ;呼吸机相关肺炎发生例数分别为 0和 3例 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :经面罩机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD)所致单纯急性呼吸衰竭不但具有操作简单、使用方便、病人痛苦小、易接受、不良反应少等优点 ,而且疗效确切、缩短了住院时间、节约了费用 ,可作为首选方法使用。而建立人工气道有创机械通气应作为必要的补充。     

序贯性机械通气治疗COPD的研究

目的:研究慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)急性加重患者有创通气早期拔管后行无创序贯通气治疗的可行性及临床效果。方法:将诊断为COPD急性加重需要机械通气的病人随机分成序贯组和对照组,序贯组15例,对照组15例。所有病人有创通气采用辅助-控制方式(A/C)或同步间歇指令性通气 压力支持方式(SIMV PSV),然后根据患者的血气情况和耐受程度逐渐调整呼吸机参数。序贯组患者出现肺部感染控制窗,满足撤机条件则拔除气管插管,改用无创通气。无创通气采用BiPAP呼吸机,IPAP在8~28 cmH2O,EPAP在3~5 cmH2O,根据血气调整呼吸机参数,直至达到缓解期水平撤机。对照组则继续采用有创通气至满足撤机条件后拔管,改为鼻导管吸氧。观察两组患者一般情况,动脉血气分析指标、住院时间、机械通气时间、VAP的发生情况和患者转归。结果:序贯组和对照组治疗前各指标无差异。有创机械通气时间分别为(6.38±3.63)d和(8.93±7.07)d,P>0.05;总机械通气时间为(10.05±4.47)d和(8.93±7.07)d,P>0.05;住院时间分别为(12.46±3.77)d和(19±11.23)d,P<0.05;VAP的发生分别为0例和4例,P<0.05;死亡人数分别为1例和3例,P>0.05。结论:对COPD急性加重的病人应用有创无创序贯治疗手段,能减少住院时间和VAP的发生率。     

COPD合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者机械通气应用不同方法的疗效比较

目的探讨BiPAP配合经鼻声门下痰液吸引及有创无创序贯不同机械通气在COPD呼吸衰竭患者中的治疗效果。方法选择2010年1月～2011年12月来本院就治的37例COPD呼吸衰竭患者进行回顾性研究,根据机械通气模式的不同分为两组,A组18例给予BiPAP配合经鼻声门下痰液吸引通气,B组19例给予有创无创序贯通气。观察两组患者机械通气时间、住院时间、血气分析及撤机成功率。结果两组患者机械通气时间、住院时间及撤机成功率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但机械通气治疗后B组患者血气分析指标改善优于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论两种机械通气方法治疗COPD合并呼吸衰竭效果较好,但序贯通气治疗具有一定的优越性,值得在临床中推广应用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.