aVR导联ST段抬高对阵发性室上性心动过速的鉴别价值

目的探讨aVR导联ST段抬高及其持续时间对阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的鉴别价值。方法126例行射频消融治疗成功的PSVT患者,其中房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)65例,房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)61例。分析其aVR导联ST段抬高幅度及持续时间。结果65例AVRT中aVR导联ST抬高且持续时间≥0.08s有46例,61例AVNRT中有13例,诊断AVRT的敏感性、特异性及阳性预测值分别为70.8%,78.7%,78.0%;46例aVR导联ST段抬高的AVRT中左侧旁道占38例,诊断左侧旁道的敏感性、特异性及阳性预测值分别为79.2%,52.9%,82.6%。结论aVR导联ST段抬高及其持续时间有助于鉴别阵发性室上性心动过速,且其多发生于左侧旁道。     

aVR导联与阵发性室上性心动过速相关性研究

目的研究aVR导联中ST段抬高对阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的诊断价值。方法分析PSVT发作时在aVR导联中ST段抬高情况,同时结合心电生理检查结果对其进行对比分析。结果 259例PSVT者按折返部位不同分为两组:①A组:房室折返性心动过速者158例,占61.00%;②B组:房室结折返性心动过速者101例,占39.00%。A组中PSVT发作时aVR导联ST段抬高者59例,占37.34%;B组中PSVT发作时aVR导联ST段抬高者79例,占78.22%。B组显著高于A组。A组中有左侧旁道参与的PVST者有75例(A1组),其中PSVT发作时aVR导联ST段抬高者64例,占85.33%。结论 aVR导联ST段抬高对有旁道参与的PVST有诊断价值,特别是左侧旁道参与者有十分明显的鉴别诊断意义。     

探讨aVR导联ST段抬高对PSVT的鉴别及旁道定位的价值

<正>房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)和房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)是阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)中最常见的两种类型,共约占PSVT85%以上,鉴别两种心动过速对于确定射频消融部位有着重要的作用,而STaVR段在分析PSVT心电图时常常被忽略,我们通过对STaVR段抬高探讨其对AVRT与AVNRT的鉴别作用,以及测量STaVR段及STⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF段改变情况,对旁道初步定位起到参考作用。     

心电图aVL导联对阵发性室上性心动过速折返途径的鉴别作用

目的:研究体表心电图aVL导联对阵发性室上性心动过速的鉴别诊断作用。方法:选取2009-01至2009-11因症状性阵发性室上性心动过速在我院行心脏射频消融术(RFCA)治疗的连续病例112例,按心动过速类型分为房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT,n=60)和房室折返性心动过速(AVRT,n=52),比较两者心电图特点。结果:AVNRT与AVRT患者在年龄上差异没有统计学意义(P0.05),但是AVNRT中女性患者的比例多于AVRT(55.6%和33.3%,P=0.04)。aVL切迹与V1导联伪R波及下壁导联伪S波(标准心电图算法)发生在AVNRT的比例均大于AVRT(P均0.001)。aVR导联ST段抬高发生在AVNRT的比例小于AVRT(P=0.0001),并且在AVRT患者中71.4%为左侧旁道。QRS电交替在AVRT和AVNRT间差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。aVL切迹和V1导联伪R波及下壁导联伪S波诊断AVNRT的敏感性分别为53.3%、46.7%,42.2%,特异性分别是82.1%、84.6%、94.9%。aVL切迹诊断AVNRT的敏感性高于V1导联伪R波及下壁导联伪S波(标准心电图算法),但是三者之间差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:aVL切迹多发生于AVNRT并有助于AVNRT和AVRT的鉴别诊断。     

窄QRS波群心动过速时ST-T改变的价值探讨

目的探讨窄QRS波群心动过速（NQRST）时ST-T改变对鉴别房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）与房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）的价值以及旁道位置的定位。方法观察100例NQRST者心电图ST段压低的部位、程度以及T波倒置等情况。结果AVRT的ST段压低〉2mm且持续≥100ms,ST段压低幅度均显著大于AVNRT,左侧游离壁旁道ST段压低的导联多见于V1～6导联。结论ST-T改变有助于AVNRT和AVRT的鉴别和旁道位置的初步定位。     

窄QRS波群室上性心动过速时ST-T改变的临床意义

目的观察ST-T改变对窄QRS波群房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)与房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的鉴别诊断及旁道初步定位的作用。方法分析150例窄QRS波群心动过速患者发作时ST段压低程度及持续时间、T波倒置等情况。结果诊断为AVNRT55例,AVRT95例。ST段压低≥2mm且持续≥100ms者AVRT组(51例,53.68%)多于AVNRT组(15例,27.27%),ST段压低幅度AVRT组(1.58±1.35mm)大于AVNRT组(0.71±0.67mm),心房间传导时间AVRT组(81.02±32.47ms)长于AVNRT组(33.30±13.56ms),差异均有显著性意义(P均<0.05)。ST段压低导联分布左侧游离壁旁道者多见于V3～V6,左后间隔和右后间隔者多见于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF,右侧游离壁旁道者无特异性。结论窄QRS波群室上性心动过速时ST段改变可作为区分AVRT与AVNRT的指标,且有初步旁道定位价值。     

阵发性室上性心动过速合并ST段压低对心肌缺血的诊断价值

目的探讨房室结内折返性心动过速（AVNRT）与房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）发作时合并心电图ST段压低对心肌缺血的诊断价值。方法对98例阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）患者行心内电生理检查＋射频消融术,并对PSVT合并ST段压低的患者行冠状动脉造影术。分组比较两种心动过速发作时合并ST段压低程度的差异,以及两种心动过速合并ST段压低时心肌缺血检出率的差异。结果 AVRT与AVNRT组合并ST段压低者分别占46.4%和26.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两种室上性心动过速合并ST段压低时冠心病检出率分别为34.6%和36.3%,比较无统计学差异。合并冠心病者冠状动脉危险因素积分高于非冠心病者（P〈0.05）。结论 PSVT合并ST段压低对诊断冠心病的预测价值较低,AVRT比AVNRT更容易合并心电图ST段压低,且前者合并ST段压低程度高于后者。     

射频消融术治疗室上性心动过速192例临床分析

目的对192例阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）病人进行分析,探讨射频消融的治疗效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析192例经导管射频消融治疗PSVT病人的临床资料,其中房室结内折返性心动过速（AVNRT）101例,房室旁道所致房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）81例,房室结双径路合并房室旁道10例。结果房室结双径路111例（单一房室结双径路101例,房室双径路合并房室旁道10例）,其中慢-快型109例,快-慢型1例,慢-慢型1例;房室旁道81例,其中左侧旁道62例,右侧旁道16例,双旁道3例;房室结双径路合并房室旁道10例,旁道共计91条。成功率98.9%,复发率2.1%,近期并发症3.6%。结论射频消融术是一种安全、有效的根治室上性心动过速的方法,成功率高,并发症少。     

希氏束旁起搏鉴别间隔部隐匿性AVRT与AVNRT的临床价值

目的：探讨希氏束旁起搏鉴别间隔部隐匿性房室旁道与慢一快型房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）的临床价值。方法：采用希氏束逆传不应期心室早搏刺激法将61例患者分别诊断为37例慢一快AVNRT和24例间隔部房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）；再对61例患者采用希氏束旁起搏方法进一步检测。结果：采用希氏束旁起搏法检测37例AVNRT患者中有6例未检测成功，其余31例均为逆传房室结图形；24例AVRT患者中4例未检测成功，15例呈逆传旁道／旁道图形，5例呈非逆传旁道／旁道图形。如以逆传旁道／旁道图形为标准，鉴别间隔快旁路引起的AVRT与慢一快型房室结折返性心动过速，敏感性75％，特异性可达1009／6。结论：希氏束旁刺激法对鉴别诊断AVRT与AVNRT有较高的特异性。     

射频消融治疗阵发性室上性心动过速110例

目的分析射频消融(RFCA)治疗阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的疗效。方法回顾性分析110例患者临床资料,均采用常规RFCA治疗PSVT患者。结果房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)65例,预激综合征合并房颤3例,计有旁道70条,显性旁道35条,隐匿性旁道35条,其中位于冠状静脉窦憩室颈部心外膜旁道1例,双旁路2例均为左侧。房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)42例,均为慢-快型,其中有两例患者术中未能诱发出心动过速,予RFCA阻断慢径治疗。RFCA治疗PSVT总成功率为99.1%,其中房室结双经路介导的PSVT成功率高达100%,复发率为3.6%,均复治成功,并发症发生率5.6%。结论采用常规方法RFCA治疗PSVT成功率高,并发症少。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.