大鼠生后脑星形胶质细胞发育的形态学观察

目的：观察大鼠生后脑星形胶质细胞发育特征，推测其在大鼠脑发育中的作用。方法：采用胶质纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）抗体进行免疫组化染色。结果：促大鼠脑ＧＦＡＰ阳性星形胶质细胞的分布于生后３个月达成体状态；②室管膜区及室管膜下区辐射状ＧＦＡＰ阳性细胞不明显，整个大脑ＧＦＡＰ阳性细胞形态相对单一。③海马和齿状回的ＧＦＡＰ阳性细胞呈规则的分层排列。结论：大鼠脑星形胶质细胞发育较晚，提示其对神经元迁移的引导作用     

体外鼠脑星形胶质细胞损伤后c-fos蛋白、GFAP及其mRNA的动态表达

研究ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白、ＧＦＡＰ—ｍＲＮＡ和ＧＦＡＰ在鼠脑星形胶质细胞（ａｓｔｒｏｃｙｅ，ＡＳ）损伤后反应性星形胶质化时的动态变化。用ＡＳ原代培养技术建立体外ＡＳ机械损伤模型．并结合应用免疫组织化学和原位杂交方法．结果：（１） ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白于损伤后 ４５ ｍｉｎ即有阳性表达，伤后 ２ ｈ消失； （２损伤边缘的 ＡＳ于损伤后 ６ ｈ开始表达 ＧＦＡＰ－ｍＲＮＡ， １ｄ达高峰，３ ｄ则在损伤边缘少数 ＡＳ中可检出 ＧＦＡＰ－ｍＲＮＡ；（３）损伤后 １ｄ，ＧＦＡＰ表达明显增强，胞体肥大，粗大突起伸向损伤区形成反应性星形胶质化。结论：（ｌ） ＡＳ受损后原癌基因 ｃ－ｆｏｓ首先被激活，ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白呈－过性的表达，参与调节ＡＳ的激活；（２）ＡＳ损伤后，ＧＦＡＰ－ｍＲＮＡ的转录增加，ＧＦＡＰ表达增强是由于在转录水平上ＧＦＡＰ－ｍＲＮＡ表达增强的结果；（３）反应性星形胶质化是ＡＳ的自身特性，以ＡＳ肥大为主，ＡＳ受损后，原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ的蛋白参与调节ＡＳ激活的确切机制尚待阐明。     

体外鼠脑星形胶质细胞损伤后c—fos蛋白,GFAP及其mRNA的动态…

研究ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白，ＧＦＡＰ－ｍＲＮＡ和ＧＦＡＰ在鼠脑星形胶质细胞损伤后反应性星形胶质化时的动态变化。用 ＡＳ原代培养技术建立体外ＡＳ机械损伤模型，并结合应用免疫组织化学和原位杂交方法。结果（１）ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白于损伤后４５ｍｉｎ即有阳性表达，伤后２ｈ消失Ｄ（２）损伤缘的ＡＳ于损伤后６ｈ开始表达ＧＦＡＰ－ｍＲＮＡ，１ｄ达主同峰，３ｄ则在损伤边缘少数ＡＳ中可检出ＧＦＡＰ－ｍＲＮＡ；（３）损伤后１ｄ，Ｇ     

脑胶质瘤的免疫组织化学研究…

应用免疫组织化学技术对１６０例脑胶质瘤进行了１２种凝集素受体的染色标记，并对其在脑胶质瘤中的分布特征和同良、恶性分化程度的关系进行了研究。结果表明：ＣｏｎＡ、ＲＣＡ受体在良性星形细胞瘤中的阳性率均明显高于各自在恶性星形胶质瘤中的表现（Ｐ＜０．０５），即肿瘤的恶性程度同阳性反应强度呈负相关，可作为判定星形胶质瘤分化程度的指标。ＷＧＡ受体在良性少突胶质细胞瘤中的阳性率明显高于其在恶性少突胶质细胞瘤中的阳性率（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＬＣＡ、ＰＮＡ和ＰＳＡ受体在良性室管膜瘤中的阳性率明显高于恶性室管膜瘤中的阳性率（Ｐ＜０．０５）。作者认为，ＷＧＡ、ＬＣＡ、ＰＮＡ和ＰＳＡ受体在判别这些肿瘤的分化程度上有参考价值。髓母细胞瘤经免疫组化染色发现有为数极少的、散在分布的、不同程度着色的阳性细胞出现，从其形态、位置、分化程度上推测可能是有向星形细胞分化潜能的瘤细胞和（或）为瘤组织发生时残存的星形细胞。     

大鼠外伤性脑干损伤脑干的双重免疫组化及超微病理研究

报告建立大鼠外伤性脑干损伤模型，并以死后脑干伤作对照，用神经微丝（ｎｅｕｒｏｆｉｌａｍｅｎｔ，ＮＦ）及胶质纤维酸性蛋白（ｇｌｉａｌｆｉｂｒｉｌａｒｙａｃｉｄｉｃｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ，ＧＦＡＰ）双重免疫组化染色观察了脑干神经轴索及星形胶质细胞的变化，且对轴索的直径和星形胶质细胞数进行了图像分析及统计处理。用透射电镜观察了延脑网状结构的超微结构变化。结果发现：轴索直径在脑干伤０．５、１ｈ组与死后伤组间无显著性差异，而３ｈ组与死后伤组间差异有显著性。ＧＦＡＰ阳性细胞数在脑干伤０．５ｈ时无明显变化，而伤后１、３ｈ显著性增加。电镜观察到延脑网状结构内的神经髓鞘层面分离，ＮＦ排列紊乱，疏密不一等病变。本研究明确了颅脑损伤早期死亡与脑干损伤的关系，并发现ＮＦ－ＧＦＡＰ双重免疫组化染色可诊断伤后存活１ｈ或更长时间的大鼠外伤性脑干损伤。     

5—甲基硫代腺苷对培养鼠脑星形胶质细胞反应性胶质化的抑制

观察５－甲基硫代腺苷（５－ＭＴＡ），作为碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）受体的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂，对反应性星形胶质化的影响。原代培养大鼠星形胶质细胞（ＡＳ）行机械刮伤后，应用免疫组织化学及原位杂交法检测增生细胞核怕（ＰＣＮＡ），胶质纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）及其ｍＲＮＡ表达。结果：与对照组相比，损伤后１－２ｄ，实验组ＡＳ胞体瘦小，突起短少，增生减弱（ＰＣＮＡ阳性细胞数减少，Ｐ〈０．０１），ＧＦＡＰ－     

层粘连蛋白与颅内星形胶质细胞瘤分化、转移关系的探讨

应用ＬＳＡＢ免疫组化法，分别对胶质母细胞瘤组和星形胶质细胞瘤组进行层粘连蛋白（ＬＮ）免疫染色。发现ＬＮ分布在血管基膜和胶质膜等部位。星形胶质细胞瘤组血管周围可见较多的双管套状结构，内侧管为血管基膜ＬＮ呈强阳性。胶质母细胞瘤组血管周围多呈多层纤维围绕状，血管基膜ＬＮ呈中等阳性。星形胶质瘤ＬＮ免疫组化显示的双层套管结构随恶性程度增高而减少。提示可利用ＬＮ免疫组化法鉴别肿瘤的恶性程度。     

短暂性脑缺血发作后海马区星形胶质细胞形态学研究

采用ＳＤ大鼠制成模拟短暂性脑缺血发作（ＴＩＡｓ）动物模型。应用免疫组织化学方法抗神经胶原纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）标记星形胶质细胞，研究ＴＩＡｓ后海马结构不同区域星形胶质细胞反应的规律。结果显示：海马ＣＡ１区星形胶质细胞反应最为显著，再灌注７ｄ时星形胶质细胞密度、面积和染色灰度达最高峰，分别为１２．６８±１．５７、（１２３．９０±１９．３９）μｍ２、１１３．２０±１８．７６；齿状回次之，且随存活时程延长星形胶质细胞反应下降缓慢。再灌注３０ｄ时星形胶质细胞反应的各项指标与再灌注７ｄ时无差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。而ＣＡ３区星形胶质细胞反应相对较弱，且星形胶质细胞反应随存活时程延长下降较快，再灌７ｄ时星形胶质细胞密度、面积和染色灰度分别为９．２４±０．８８、（１１３．６０±１８．８７）μｍ２、９６．６１±９．３６，与再灌注３０ｄ时相比具有显著性差别（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明：ＣＡ１区星形胶质细胞反应呈持续性，而ＣＡ３区星形胶质细胞反应呈一过性。     

脑星形细胞瘤的GFAP和NSE抗原表达及其临床意义

脑星形细胞瘤的ＧＦＡＰ和ＮＳＥ抗原表达及其临床意义陈雅丽，柳红（徐州电业职工医院病理科２２１００７）（病理学教研室）抗胶质纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（ＮＳＥ）作为神经中枢系统的肿瘤标志物，已引起国内外学者的极大兴趣，并且越来越广泛...     

脑胶质细胞瘤40例AgNORS和GFAP观察分析

对脑胶质细胞瘤４０例中核仁地区相关嗜银蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲＳ）和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＤ）表达的观察，探讨胶质细胞瘤增殖与分化的关系，结果表明，肿瘤分级从Ｉ～Ⅳ级，瘤细胞核内ＡｇＮＯＲＳ颗粒数增多，各级间差异有极显著性（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＧＦＡＰ表达从肿瘤Ｉ～Ⅳ级表现为从强到弱，各级差异亦有极显著性（Ｐ〈０．０１），在脑胶质瘤中同时观察这两个指标，有助于判断肿瘤预后。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.