弥漫性脑轴索损伤的影像学评价

目的 研究弥漫性脑轴索损伤(DAI)的影像学表现,评价CT与MRI在临床诊断脑弥漫性轴索损伤中的作用.方法 回顾性分析36例DAI患者的MRI及CT表现,患者均于伤后2～72h内行CT与MRI检查.结果 CT影像:其中16例CT结果阴性,余20例表现为弥漫性脑组织肿胀,皮层下及脑组织深部小出血灶,中线无明显移位;MRI...     

CT阴性脑弥漫性轴索损伤的影像学诊断

目的探讨MPd对CT阴性的脑弥漫性轴索损伤（DAI）的影像学诊断价值。方法回顾性分析58例临床疑为脑弥漫性轴索损伤而CT表现为阴性患者的MR／表现。所有患者均在伤后2d内接受CT与MR检查。CT采用常规程序扫描,MRI采用自旋回波T1 WI、T2WI序列、液体衰减反转恢复序列（FLAIR）及弥散加权成像（DWI）。结果CT仅见弥漫性脑肿胀,未见明确病灶;MRI可见弥漫性脑肿胀,脑干、胼胝体及脑白质小灶性损伤。58例患者中,MRI各序列共检出216个病灶。MRI对脑弥漫性轴索损伤病灶的敏感性明显优于CT。结论MRI为CT阴性的DAI临床诊断提供了直接可靠的影像学依据。     

强脊的比较影像诊断

目的:研究MRI对强直性脊柱炎的诊断价值.方法:收治强直性脊柱炎患者127例,分别采用CT、MRI进行影像学检查,观察影像学结果的有效率.结果:通过观察CT、MRI检查皆为阳性65例,CT诊断阳性、MRI诊断阴性8例,MRI诊断阳性、CT诊断阴性15例,CT及MRI诊断皆阴性24例,MRI诊断可疑、CT诊断阴性5例,MRI诊断可疑、CT诊断阳性0例,MRI诊断可疑、CT诊断可疑6例,MRI诊断阳性、CT诊断可疑8例,MRI诊断阴性、CT诊断可疑1例.对两项影像学检查进行关联性分析,P＜0.05,两种检查方法具有一致性,对检查结果进行优势性检验发现总体阳性率有差异,P＜0.05差异有显著性意义,MRI的影像学检查阳性结果高于CT.结论:MRI对强直性脊柱炎的影像学检查假阳性率较高,相对昂贵,本研究不支持使用MRI进行强直性脊柱炎的诊断.     

早期头颅MRI在弥漫性轴索损伤中的临床应用

目的探讨早期MRI对脑弥漫性轴索损伤的诊断价值。方法选取118例临床诊断急性弥漫性轴索损伤患者,而CT无异常改变或轻微改变的病例早期行MRI检查并进行回顾性分析,全部检查均在72h内完成。结果 MRI显示具有DAI损伤表现的共91例,阳性率77.1%。阳性表现的结果中FLAIR表现阳性率占91.2%,T2表现阳性率占69.2%。结论早期头颅MRI能够为DAI提供有效的影像学诊断依据,并能为DAI伤情和预后评价提供重要信息。     

脑弥漫性轴索损伤的临床特征和MRI、CT诊断(附47例分析)

目的探讨脑弥漫性轴索损伤(Diffuse Axonal Injury,DAI)的临床特征以及MRI、CT的诊断价值。资料与方法搜集经临床及MRI证实的47例DAI的临床及影像资料回顾性分析。所有患者均在伤后接受CT与MRI检查。MRI采用T1WI、快速自旋回波(FSE)T2WI、T2液体衰减反转恢复序列(T2-FLAIR)、弥散加权成像(DWI)。CT采用常规程序扫描。比较CT及MR各序列脑内病灶的显示率,分析其临床及影像表现特征。结果 47例DAI患者经MRI均发现脑实质非出血性挫裂伤及小出血灶,T2-FLAIR和DWI序列共发现DAI病灶535个,主要分布在皮髓交界区、脑干、胼胝体、基底节、丘脑及小脑,其中T2-FLAIR显示病灶但DWI显示为阴性的病灶数共45个,而DWI显示病灶但T2-FLAIR显示为阴性的病灶数共21个。47例患者中,MRI共检出514个病灶,CT仅检出95个病灶,两者差异显著(P0.01)。MRI见2例合并颈椎骨质水肿及颈髓损伤水肿。结论 MRI对DAI具有较高的诊断价值,联合T2-FLAIR和DWI可以提高DAI病灶的检出率,对具有典型DAI临床特征而CT检查未发现DAI者,应尽早MRI检查,以弥补CT的局限性,对临床早期诊断以及治疗和预后具有重要价值。     

47例脑弥漫性轴索损伤的临床诊治及预后分析

目的:探讨脑弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)的临床特点及其影响预后的因素.方法:分析我科2004年12月～2007年12月收治的47例DAI患者的临床资料和影像学特点及治疗后的结果,探讨原发性昏迷时间及GCS评分与预后的关系.结果:47例DAI伤者中以交通伤较常见(70%).CT扫描发现脑不同部位有点状高密度影32例(68%),CT阴性而行MRI者发现病变者11例.4例CT及MRI扫描均无异常发现.共死亡11例,植物生存9例,残疾12例,预后良好15例.结论:DAI诊断主要根据临床表现,同时结合CT、MRI等影像学资料;治疗采用综合治疗;GCS评分及原发昏迷时间有助于判断预后.     

脑弥漫性轴索损伤的CT与MRI对比研究

目的 分析脑弥漫性轴索损伤（DAI）的影像学表现,评价CT与MRI对脑弥漫性轴索损伤的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析46例脑弥漫性轴索损伤的MRI及CT表现.所有患者均在伤后2～72 h内接受CT与MR检查.MRI采用自旋回波T1WI、T2WI序列、液体衰减反转恢复序列（FLAIR）及弥散加权成像.CT采用常规程序扫描.结果DAI在CT影像上可见弥漫性脑肿胀,皮层下及脑深部小出血灶,中线结构无明显移位;在MRI可见弥漫性脑肿胀,单发或多发的脑白质小灶性损伤,多数病灶为非出血性,脑干和胼胝体病灶多见于重度头部损伤患者.46例患者中,MRI共检出184个病灶,CT仅检出30个病灶,两者差异显著（P＜0.01）.MRI对脑内非出血性病灶及脑干、胼胝体病灶的敏感性明显优于CT（P＜0.01）.结论 CT及MRI为DAI的临床诊断提供了直接可靠的影像学依据,MRI对脑弥漫性轴索损伤的诊断价值明显优于CT.     

脑弥漫性轴索损伤的临床表现及MRI诊断

目的:探讨脑弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)的临床表现、MRI诊断。方法:分析30例脑弥漫性轴索损伤的临床资料及MRI图像资料,其中24例还先后做过CT检查,同时对所有病例进行GCS评分。结果:DAI的MRI征象主要表现为弥漫性脑肿胀,双侧脑白质水肿,脑室、脑池、脑沟及蛛网膜下腔变窄消失,无中线移位。脑实质出血20例,呈斑点状,直径大多小于2.0cm,主要位于胼胝体、脑干、小脑,基底节区及皮髓交界处,蛛网下腔出血和/或脑室出血12例;合并硬膜外血肿5例;颅骨骨折6例。结论:DAI根据临床表现及影像学检查,可作出临床诊断,MRI对DAI具有较高的诊断价值,可弥补CT的局限性,对临床早期诊断、治疗以及评价预后具有重要价值。     

成人股骨头缺血性坏死X线、CT及MRI表现及对比分析

目的探讨成人股骨头缺血性坏死的影像学表现及诊断价值。方法本组26例29个股骨头缺血性坏死,均经X线（DR）、CT及MRI检查,就各种影像学表现进行分析比较。结果 26例中X线检查阳性19例,阴性7例,CT检查阳性22例,阴性4例,MRI检查全部为阳性。结论 MRI具有对骨髓病变的敏感性及分辨力高,检出率及诊断准确率明显高于X线及CT,是诊断成人股骨头缺血性坏死的最佳检查手段。     

脑弥散性轴索损伤的影像学诊断与临床分析

目的探讨弥散性轴索损伤（DAI）的发病情况、影像学表现、临床诊断及处理,以及提高疗效的方法。方法回顾性分析最近6年来我科收治的52例DA1患者的临床和影像学资料。结果52例DAI患者,死亡12例,病死率为23．1％,其中23例高颅压型DAI患者死亡9例,病死率为39．1％,颅内压高的DAI患者预后差。结论DAI的诊断主要根据其临床表现结合CT／MRI资料,早期诊断与治疗能够提高疗效,需重视DAI的早期影像学诊断。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.