^125I诱导大鼠脑内胶质瘤凋亡实验研究

目的 研究^125I诱导人脑胶质瘤细胞系SHG-44体内外凋亡的可能性及其机制。方法 体外培养SHG-44细胞，采用流式细胞仪法检测^125I诱导SHG-44细胞凋亡及对细胞周期影响，采用立体定向的方法建立大鼠脑内人胶质瘤模型．1周后经MRI检测后．于肿瘤区接种^125I，2周后复查MRI检测肿瘤大小，3周后处死大鼠，取对照组及肿瘤周边组织及肿瘤组织行Bcl-2、p53免疫组织化学染色。结果 SHG-44细胞接种1周，MRI示脑内形成实体瘤；^125I可抑制肿瘤生长，诱导细胞凋亡。延长荷瘤鼠生长周期。抑制Bcl-2基因表达，促进p53蛋白表达。结论^125I具有体内、外抑制SHG-44细胞增殖，诱导凋亡的作用：其诱导凋亡机制可能与抑制Bcl-2蛋白表达，促进p53蛋白表达有关。     

~(125)I诱导大鼠脑内胶质瘤凋亡实验研究

目的研究125I诱导人脑胶质瘤细胞系SHG-44体内外凋亡的可能性及其机制。方法体外培养SHG-44细胞,采用流式细胞仪法检测125I诱导SHG-44细胞凋亡及对细胞周期影响,采用立体定向的方法建立大鼠脑内人胶质瘤模型,1周后经MRI检测后,于肿瘤区接种125I,2周后复查MRI检测肿瘤大小,3周后处死大鼠,取对照组及肿瘤周边组织及肿瘤组织行Bcl-2、p53免疫组织化学染色。结果SHG-44细胞接种1周,MRI示脑内形成实体瘤;125I可抑制肿瘤生长,诱导细胞凋亡,延长荷瘤鼠生长周期,抑制Bcl-2基因表达,促进p53蛋白表达。结论125I具有体内、外抑制SHG-44细胞增殖,诱导凋亡的作用;其诱导凋亡机制可能与抑制Bcl-2蛋白表达,促进p53蛋白表达有关。     

125I对脑胶质瘤P16基因的影响

目的 研究125I诱导人脑胶质瘤细胞SHG-44体内外凋亡的可能性及其对p16基因的影响.方法 体外培养SHG-44细胞,采用流式细胞仪法检测125I诱导SHG-44细胞凋亡及对细胞周期影响,采用免疫组化的办法,检测125I治疗前后的p16蛋白表达改变,采用立体定向的方法建立大鼠脑内人胶质瘤模型,1周后经MRI检测后,于肿瘤区接种125I,2周后复查MRI行接种前后肿瘤大小检测,3周后处死大鼠,取对照组及肿瘤周边组织及肿瘤组织行p16蛋白的免疫组化染色.结果 125I接种1周后核磁共振检查,脑内形成实体瘤;125I可以抑制肿瘤生长,诱导细胞凋亡,促进p16蛋白表达.结论 125I具有体内外抑制SHG-44细胞增殖,诱导凋亡的作用,其诱导凋亡机制可能与促进p16蛋白表达有关.     

125Ⅰ诱导大鼠脑内胶质瘤凋亡实验研究

目的研究125Ⅰ诱导人脑胶质瘤细胞系SHG-44体内外凋亡的可能性及其机制.方法体外培养SHG-44细胞,采用流式细胞仪法检测125Ⅰ诱导SHG-44细胞凋亡及对细胞周期影响,采用立体定向的方法建立大鼠脑内人胶质瘤模型,1周后经MRI检测后,于肿瘤区接种125Ⅰ,2周后复查MRI检测肿瘤大小,3周后处死大鼠,取对照组及肿瘤周边组织及肿瘤组织行Bcl-2、p53免疫组织化学染色.结果SHG-44细胞接种1周,MRI示脑内形成实体瘤;125I可抑制肿瘤生长,诱导细胞凋亡,延长荷瘤鼠生长周期,抑制Bcl-2基因表达,促进p53蛋白表达.结论125Ⅰ具有体内、外抑制SHG-44细胞增殖,诱导凋亡的作用;其诱导凋亡机制可能与抑制Bcl-2蛋白表达,促进p53蛋白表达有关.     

全反式维甲酸抑制MDM2基因在胶质瘤细胞SHG-44中的表达

目的 探讨全反式维甲酸对胶质瘤细胞SHG-44中MDM2基因表达的影响,为进一步研究脑胶质瘤的进展机制及基因治疗提供依据.方法 分别利用cDNA微阵列与Western blot技术分析在10μmol/L全反式维甲酸(all-transretinoic acid,ATRA)处理前后的胶质瘤SHG-44细胞MDM2基因和蛋白的差异表达应用免疫组化链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化酶(Streptavidin-Peroxidase,SP)法检测Ⅱ级与Ⅳ级胶质瘤标本MDM2蛋白的表达.随机选择数个差异基因进行Northern杂交实验,以验证cDNA微阵列的结果.结果 应用cDNA微阵列检测发现,MDM2基因在ATRA处理与未处理的SHG-44细胞之间表达量的比值为0.37,提示ATRA可抑制MDM2基因在SHG-44中的表达.该结果进一步得Northern杂交实验结果的支持.Western blot分析结果显示10μmol/L ATRA处理前后胶质瘤SHG-44细胞之间MDM2蛋白的相对表达量分别为21.40±0.58和14.02±0.35(t=24.728,P=0.000),提示MDM2蛋白在SHG-44中的表达受到ATRA抑制.Ⅱ级和Ⅳ级胶质瘤标本MDM2蛋白的阳性表达率分别为24.00%(6/25)和56.52%(13/23)(X2=5.298,P=0.021),MDM2蛋白的表达随胶质瘤恶性程度的增高而增加.结论 ATRA可抑制SHG-44胶质瘤细胞中MDM2基因的表达,MDM2基因的表达水平与胶质瘤的演进有关.     

γ刀照射对胶质瘤细胞基因蛋白水平表达的影响

目的观察胶质瘤C6细胞伽玛刀治疗后基因蛋白水平表达的变化.方法胶质瘤C6细胞在培养瓶中培养,接受不同剂量(5.0 Gy和6.22 Gy)的伽玛刀照射,应用免疫组化技术和图像分析研究p16基因和C-myc基因的表达.结果伽玛刀治疗显著地抑制了C-myc基因蛋白水平的表达,激活了p16基因蛋白水平的表达.实验组C6细胞C-myc基因灰度值为154.4±4.7(5.0 Gy),161.7±5.8(6.22 Gy);对照组为130.28±2.4.实验组C6细胞p16基因灰度值为155.4±2.0(5.0 Gy),124.9±7.1(6.22 Gy);对照组为167.1±6.2.结论胶质瘤C6细胞的凋亡与激活了p16基因蛋白水平的表达和抑制了C-myc基因蛋白水平的表达相关.     

脂质体介导CD基因转染SHG-44胶质瘤细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的以含胞嘧啶脱氨酶（CD）基因的pCMVCD重组表达质粒转染SHG-44胶质瘤细胞，体外观察5-氟胞嘧啶（5-FC）对转染CD基因的胶质瘤细胞的凋亡诱导作用。方法体外扩增、酶切鉴定pCMVCD质粒并采用DNA序列测定pCMVCD质粒中的CD基因；脂质体Lipofectamine 2000介导pCMVCD质粒转染SHG-44细胞，G418筛选培养获取抗性细胞克隆（即SHG-44／CD细胞）；免疫细胞化学检测SHG-44／CD细胞的CD基因蛋白水平表达；流式细胞仪、TUNEL实验及透射电子显微镜观察5-FC对表达CD基因的SHG-44／CD细胞凋亡的诱导作用。结果含CD基因的pCMVCD质粒成功转染进入SHG-44细胞，获取了含CD基因的SHG-44／CD细胞，免疫细胞化学染色显示SHG-44／CD细胞成功地表达了CD。在含5-FC的培养液中培养，SHG-44／CD细胞出现典型的凋亡形态，TUNEL显示凋亡细胞比例极高；透射电镜可见凋亡改变；流式细胞术检测凋亡率达18．6％，凋亡率呈剂量依赖性。结论建立了SHG-44恶性人脑胶质瘤细胞的CD／5-FC自杀基因系统。诱导SHG-44／CD胶质瘤细胞产生凋亡可能是脑胶质瘤CD基因疗法的重要机制。     

九节龙皂苷诱导胶质瘤SHG-44细胞凋亡及其机制研究

目的研究九节龙皂苷对胶质瘤SHG-44细胞潜在的治疗作用及其机制。方法用四甲基偶氨唑蓝（MTT）法检测不同剂量九节龙皂苷于不同时间（6、12、24、72h）对人胶质瘤SHG-d4细胞活性的影响和细胞流式术检测SGH-44细胞调亡情况;Western—blot检测caspase-3和Bcl-2在SHG-44细胞中的表达情况。结果流式细胞仪检测显示,随着九节龙皂苷浓度的增大和时间延长,SHG-44细胞的凋亡率明显上升,Western—blot结果提示九节龙皂苷下调了凋亡抑制蛋白Bcl-2的表达并激活了凋亡蛋白caspase-3,九节龙皂苷明显抑制SHG-44细胞的生长与增殖。结论九节龙皂苷引起胶质瘤细胞大量凋亡,具有显著的抗肿瘤作用,通过调控caspase-3和Bcl-2诱导胶质瘤SHG-44细胞凋亡。     

γ刀照射对荷胶质瘤大鼠C-myc蛋白表达的抑制

目的观察荷胶质瘤大鼠γ刀照射后,C-myc蛋白表达的变化。方法建立颅内种植胶质瘤C6细胞的荷瘤大鼠模型。3周后,实验组给予γ刀治疗。计数荷瘤大鼠生存时间。免疫组化SP染色及计算机图像分析检测C-myc基因蛋白水平表达。结果实验组及对照组荷瘤大鼠生存时间分别为(36.5±3.1)d和(28.0±2.4)d,两组相较,差异显著(P<0.01)。实验组及对照组荷瘤大鼠C-myc基因蛋白阳性表达率分别为(40.98±15.46)%和(77.62±12.11)%,二者差异显著(P<0.01)。结论γ刀诱导胶质瘤凋亡的机制可能与抑制肿瘤细胞C-myc基因蛋白水平表达有关。     

新型小分子靶向药物F90对人恶性胶质瘤细胞系SHG-44生长抑制作用

目的探讨新型小分子靶向药物F90在体外对人恶性胶质瘤细胞系SHG-44的生长抑制作用。方法采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐[3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide,MTT]方法,集落生成试验探讨F90对SHG-44细胞的生长抑制作用,采用蛋白免疫印迹(Immunoblotting,West-ernblot)方法检测F90对表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)信号传导通路及凋亡相关蛋白的影响。结果 F90抑制SHG-44细胞的生长,并且呈一定的剂量相关性。MTT试验及集落生成试验的半数有效抑制浓度(50% inhibitory concentration,IC50)分别为(5.08±1.21)μmol/L和(0.14±0.03)μmol/L。F90抑制EGFR及其下游通路信号蛋白的磷酸化,上调P53蛋白的表达,并下调BCL-2蛋白的表达。结论 F90可能通过干扰EG-FR通路,体外抑制胶质瘤细胞株SHG-44的生长。     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。     

Sudanophilic lipid accumulation in astrocytes in periventricular leukomalacia in monkeys

Summary Sudanophilic lipid accumulation is a characteristic feature of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) of infants. At least two types of lipid-containing cells have been identified, one being the macrophage, the other the pre-myelin glial cell. A third type of lipid-containing cell has been seen in two monkeys with spontaneous PVL. Electron microscopically this cell appears to be an astrocyte. This probably represents a reaction of the astrocyte to hypoxia and may be the equivalent of the hypertrophic astrocytes found in human infants.Supported in part by NIH grant HDO 8633 and the Regional Primate Research Center Grant RR-00166     

Increase in cathepsin D activity in rat brain in aging

Cathepsin D-like activity in homogenates of five brain areas of 3-month-old and 24-month-old Fischer 344 rats was measured. With hemoglobin as substrate at pH 3.2, more than 90% of the activity was inhibited by pepstatin. In each area studied, activity was more than twice as high in the old rat brain: 140-160% higher in the cortex, cerebellum, pons-medulla, and striatum and 90-100% higher in the hippocampus and spinal cord. The greatly increased metabolic capacity in the absence of an increase in protein turnover may have a role in age-related pathological degeneration in the brain.     

Characteristics of nociceptors in the periodontium--an in vitro study in rats

Recent studies have indicated that nociceptors can be classified into various types according to their physiological properties. These studies have clarified that the frequency distribution of various nociceptor types is different among body sites and animal species. In the present study, we investigated the physiological properties of rat's periodontal nociceptors in an in vitro jaw-nerve preparation. Responses were recorded from functional single filaments in the inferior alveolar nerve. To determine the nociceptor type, calibrated von Frey filaments, heat, and bradykinin (BK) stimuli were used. We found five subtypes of nociceptors in the periodontal ligaments of the lower incisor: Adelta-high threshold mechanonociceptors (Adelta-HTM, n=28), Adelta-mechanoheat nociceptors (Adelta-MH, n=6), Adelta-polymodal nociceptors (Adelta-POLY, n=26), C-high threshold mechanonociceptors (C-HTM, n=3) and C-polymodal nociceptors (C-POLY, n=4). Most nociceptors were Adelta-innervated, while only a small number of C-innervated nociceptors were found. The present results suggest that periodontal nociceptors transmit mainly fast pain, and may thus play a role in rapid detection of injure-related stimuli during mastication.     

Gender in Voice Perception in Autism

Deficits in the perception of social stimuli may contribute to the characteristic impairments in social interaction in high functioning autism (HFA). Although the cortical processing of voice is abnormal in HFA, it is unclear whether this gives rise to impairments in the perception of voice gender. About 20 children with HFA and 20 matched controls were presented with voice fragments that were parametrically morphed in gender. No differences were found in the perception of gender between the two groups of participants, but response times differed significantly. The results suggest that the perception of voice gender is not impaired in HFA, which is consistent with behavioral findings of an unimpaired voice-based identification of age and identity by individuals with autism. The differences in response times suggest that individuals with HFA use different perceptual approaches from those used by typically developing individuals.     

Defects in Bioenergetic Coupling in Schizophrenia

Synaptic neurotransmission relies on maintenance of the synapse and meeting the energy demands of neurons. Defects in excitatory and inhibitory synapses have been implicated in schizophrenia, likely contributing to positive and negative symptoms as well as impaired cognition. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that bioenergetic systems, important in both synaptic function and cognition, are abnormal in psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia. Animal models of synaptic dysfunction demonstrated endophenotypes of schizophrenia as well as bioenergetic abnormalities. We report findings on the bioenergetic interplay of astrocytes and neurons and discuss how dysregulation of these pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, highlighting metabolic systems as important therapeutic targets.     

Ethnic disparities in problem behaviour in adolescence contribute to ethnic disparities in social class in adulthood

BACKGROUND: It is important for prevention of social class disparities to know how ethnic disparities in social class arise among migrant children. We contribute to this understanding by examining the role of problem behaviour in adolescence. METHODS: Prospective observational study with 753 Dutch native and 217 Turkish migrant adolescents (11-18 year) followed for 10 years. Internalising and externalising problems were assessed in adolescence and employment status and occupational level were assessed in adulthood. The difference in odds ratios (OR) before and after adjustment for internalising and externalising problems was an indication of the predictive value of disparities in internalising and externalising problems for the development of social class disparities. RESULTS: A total of 135 (62%) of the Turkish and 602 (80%) of the Dutch adults were employed. Internalising and externalising problems were not associated with employment status. Of the employed, 65 (48%) Turkish and 179 (30%) Dutch adults worked in low-level occupations (p < 0.0001). Internalising and externalising problems were associated with both ethnicity and occupation. The OR for low-level occupation for Turkish adults was 1.78 (1.19-2.65), indicating ethnic disparities. Adjustment for internalising problems lowered the OR with 36% to 1.50 (0.97-2.31), and adjustment for externalising problems lowered it with 8% to 1.72 (1.15-2.57). Findings were similar for men and women and did not vary by age. CONCLUSIONS: Ethnic disparities in occupational level in adulthood could partly be attributed to disparities in mental health between Turkish migrants and Dutch natives in adolescence. Prevention of ethnic disparities in mental health at young age may therefore also contribute to the prevention of occupational differences in adulthood.     

Progress in neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease

Slowing or aborting the progress of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains the most important unmet need of this disorder. There are several recent developments in trial design and also in drugs under investigation for possible neuroprotective effect. Emphasis has been placed on clinical as opposed to imaging end-points and these include change in a clinical rating scale, e.g. United Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), or time to additional therapy. The introduction of the delayed-start, or wash-in, trial design adds an additional dimension to drug evaluation for neuroprotection. Compounds that have been recently tested in clinical trial include the monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor rasagiline, the anti-apoptotic agents TCH346 and CEP1347, and the promitochondrial agent creatine. The dopamine agonists have been evaluated for a neuroprotective effect using imaging end-points. Perhaps the most important and simplest concept for neuroprotection has been the theory that early dopaminergic support for the degenerating dopaminergic system per se provides significant long-term clinical benefit for PD patients.     

Changes in parasympathetic system in medulla oblongata in male pigs in the course of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy

Background

Autonomic imbalance constituting a fundamental feature of heart failure (HF) has been assessed mainly at the periphery. Changes in the functioning of autonomic centers in the brain remain unclear. We investigated the molecular elements of parasympathetic system, i.e. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and enzymes metabolizing acetylcholine (acetylcholinesterase, AChE, choline acetyltransferase, ChAT) in medulla oblongata (MO) of male pigs with chronic tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy.

Methods

The mRNA levels of AChE, ChAT, α7nAChR and X-box binding protein 1 (spliced form, XBP1s) in MO were analyzed using qPCR, AChE and ChAT activities using spectrophotometry, proteasome activity using fluorometry, and the protein level of α7nAChR using Western blotting.

Results

The development of systolic HF was accompanied by an increase in circulating catecholamines, a decrease in the AChE and α7nAChR mRNA in MO, an increase in AChE activity (all p < 0.05), and no change in either the mRNA or activity of ChAT. Both circulating catecholamine levels and AChE activity were inversely related to systolic function of left myocardial ventricle (p < 0.05). The level of α7nAChR protein in MO and its cytoplasmatic fraction were higher in pigs with moderate and severe HF as compared to the other animals (p < 0.01). There was no difference in proteasome activity in MO between diseased and healthy animals, whereas the XBP1s mRNA decreased during HF progression (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Molecular elements of parasympathetic system are changed within the medulla oblongata during the progression of systolic non-ischemic heart failure in male pigs, indicating a functional link between MO and heart in HF.