半导体激光治疗难治性青光眼的临床研究

目的探讨半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗难治性青光眼的价值。方法对53例难治性青光眼进行半导体激光睫状体光凝手术治疗,激光发射功率1.5～2.0 w,时间1 s,范围180°～360°,点数12～30点。结果观察13～21个月,治疗前平均眼压为(48.7±8.5)mmHg(33.2～64.9 mmHg),最后随诊平均眼压为(19.3±7.6)mmHg(6.8～32.7 mmHg),治疗前后平均眼压差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);41例眼压下降≥30%,手术成功率77.3%,疼痛缓解率92.5%;并发症主要是葡萄膜炎及前房出血。结论半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗难治性青光眼,疗效确切,并发症少,可重复治疗。     

半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼临床分析

目的评价半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效。方法对41例（42眼）难治性青光眼患眼行810nm半导体激光透巩膜睫状体光凝治疗,对治疗前后的眼压进行统计学分析。结果经首次激光治疗后,33眼临床症状明显改善,眼压控制良好,手术有效率78.6%（33/42）;9眼眼压控制欠佳,其中绝对期青光眼1眼,新生血管性青光眼8眼。经半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术再次治疗后,6眼眼压控制在〈30mmHg,临床症状缓解;3眼眼压控制不良眼压〉30mmHg,行睫状体冷冻术,眼压控制,症状缓解。所有患者术后4～6周平均眼压（25.39±8.01）mmHg,与治疗前眼压（61.92±16.66）mmHg相比,经统计学分析,P〈0.01有显著差异性。41例（42眼）难治性青光眼患者术后多数患眼出现不同程度的结膜水肿,前房积血2眼,反跳性眼压升高12眼,葡萄膜炎1眼,但经积极治疗后并发症得到良好的控制。结论应用半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼,能显著降低患者眼压,缓解疼痛症状,且并发症少,是治疗难治性青光眼的有效方法。     

接触式半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼疗效观察

目的:探讨接触式半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术(CTDC)治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效。方法:对12例(13只眼)难治性青光眼施行半导体经巩膜睫状体光凝术,激光能量1050~2000mW,时间1000~2000ms,击射点数7~28点,光凝范围180~360°。结果:术前眼压25~82mmHg,平均(58.40±19.43)mmHg;术后1个月眼压15~35mmHg,平均(25.30±6.02)mmHg。术后短期内所有病例均有眼部胀痛感及球结膜充血,3例发生前房炎症反应,2例发生少量前房出血,无其它明显并发症发生。结论:CTDC是治疗难治性青光眼的相对安全、简便、副作用少的有效治疗手段。     

半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗难治性青光眼的护理配合

目的 探讨半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗难治性青光眼的手术配合方法。方法 对32例难治性青光眼进行半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝,能量1.5～2.0W,时间0.5～1s,范围180°～360°,点数12～28点。术前做好术前访视,用物准备,术中密切配合和病情观察。结果 本组患者情绪稳定,顺利配合手术。随访6～10个月,术前眼压33.8～63.7mmHg,平均（49.2±9.7）mmHg,经过第一次半导体激光治疗后,眼压为12.1～36.2mmHg,平均（20.1±6.3）mmHg,最后随诊眼压为10.6～33.4mmHg,平均（19.6±7.2）mmHg,明显低于术前（P〈0.01）。24例眼压下降≥30%,手术成功率75%（24/32）,疼痛减轻90.6%,止痛效果良好。结论 半导体激光经巩膜睫状体治疗难治性青光眼的一种疗效确切的方法,缓解疼痛,可重复治疗,配合良好的术中护理,能减少不良反应的发生,改善预后,保证治疗效果。     

经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗晚期新生血管性青光眼临床观察

目的 探讨经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗晚期新生血管性青光眼的治疗技术.方法 40例新生血管性青光眼病人行经巩膜睫状体光凝术,其中2例进行了2次光凝.结果 40例治疗前平均眼压(57.234±10.66)mmHg,光凝后三天平均眼压(30.63±6.47)mmHg,光凝后一周平均眼压(20.66±8.51)mmHg,光凝后一月平均眼压(23.32±8.93)mmHg,术后视功能保持不变,一例外伤病人视力提高,术后前房出血11只眼,眼球萎缩5只眼.结论 810 nm激光经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗晚期新生血管性青光眼可有效降低眼内压,明显缓解患者疼痛症状.     

经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼

目的观察应用半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗难治性青光眼的效果。方法采用G-探头810nm波长,功率900～1200mW,时间2s,光凝斑15～35点数。做180°～270°范围。对30例难治性青光眼进行半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术。结果22例眼压≤21mmHg(其中包括第2次手术4例)。治愈率70.3%。8例眼压≥21mmHg,比首诊眼压降低20%～30%。治疗前后平均眼压分别为(47.43±2.13)mmHg,30～71mmHg;(19.74±1.29)mmHg,8.～37mmHg;眼压下降平均15.01mmHg;治疗前后有统计学意义(Р<0.05)治疗前后视力相同。眼部疼痛缓解28例。术后并发症为早期前房炎症反应20例,前房出血8例,角膜水肿7例。结论虽然经巩膜睫状体光凝术后发生前房出血并发症,但其能显著降低眼压,减少患者痛苦。因其方法简便仍为目前治疗难治性青光眼的一种有效方法。     

半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的评价半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗新生血管性青光眼的效果。方法对30例药物控制不良的新生血管性青光眼患者行810nm半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝,能量1800—2800mW,时间2000ms,范围180-270°,术后随访患者的眼压、视力、症状及用药情况。结果平均随访24个月,术前眼压为（46．3±3．5）mmHg（1mmHg—0．133kPa）,治疗后眼压为（17．9±2．1）mnHg,术后眼压明显低于术前（P〈0．01）;3眼（10％）眼球萎缩;24眼（71％）视力无变化,5眼（17％）视力下降,1眼（3％）视力提高。术后所有患者眼胀痛缓解,术前用抗青光眼药物种类平均为2～4种,随访时减至0－2种。结论经巩膜半导体激光睫状体光凝是治疗新生血管性青光眼的一种有效而安全的方法。     

半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼的临床观察

目的观察半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼的疗效。方法12例(14只眼)均为药物和手术无法控制的青光眼患者采用810 nm波长激光G探头行巩膜睫状体光凝术。结果12例(14只眼)治疗前平均眼压54.23±13.21 mmHg,光凝治疗后1月平均眼压21.14±8.34 mmHg,两者比较,差异有显著意义,P<0.01。术后保持有用视功能者4只眼(28.4%)。无眼球萎缩病例。结论半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗难治性青光眼疗效可靠,患者能保存术眼视功能,避免并发症。     

半导体激光睫状体光凝治疗新生血管性青光眼的护理观察

目的探讨半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝治疗难治性新生血管性青光眼的作用及有效的护理。方法对36例新生血管性青光眼进行半导体激光睫状体光凝治疗。能量1.5～2.0W,时间1s,范围180°～360°,点数12～30点,同时对新生血管性青光眼的患者进行围手术期心理的临床护理,使患者以最佳的心态配合手术。结果观察12～19个月,本组病例治疗前眼压为47.6±8.3mmHg(32.7～65.4 mmHg),最后随诊眼压为18.3±7.5 mmHg（6.8～31.6mmHg）,明显低于术前(P<0.01);27例眼压下降≥30%,手术成功率为75%;并发症主要是葡萄膜炎及前房出血。结论半导体激光经巩膜睫状体光凝是治疗新生血管性青光眼的一种有效治疗方法,结合有效的护理可以减少及时发现及术后并发症发生,及时处理提高病人生存质量。     

经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗晚期青光眼的临床对比研究

目的探讨应用半导体激光经巩膜集中强化睫状体光凝术及传统经巩膜睫状体光凝术治疗晚期青光眼的疗效及安全性。方法青光眼患者85例共87只眼,其中男55例,女30例,年龄40～89岁,平均68．7岁。随机分成两组,改良组42例（43眼）,眼压为（54．03±12．43）mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）,经巩膜集中强化睫状体光凝。传统组43例（44眼）,眼压为（52．4±18．63）mmHg,行传统的经巩膜均匀分散睫状体光凝治疗,记录激光能量、光凝的范围及治疗点数。术后随访12～24个月,平均（15．68±4．43）月,观察指标包括眼压、视力、眼部症状及眼球萎缩发生率。结果改良组术前平均眼压为54．03±12．43mmHg,术后随访眼压平均为（15．05±4．81）mmHg,术前术后眼压差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。传统组术前眼压平均为（52．4±18．63）mmHg,术后随访眼压平均为（11．32±3．56）mmHg,术前术后眼压差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。改良组40眼治愈,手术成功率93．02％。传统组37眼治愈,手术成功率84．09％。两组疗效比较,无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。改良组43眼中0眼发生眼球萎缩,传统组44眼中6眼（13．6％）发生了眼球萎缩,两组眼球萎缩发生率比较,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论应用半导体激光经巩膜集中强化睫状体光凝是治疗晚期青光眼有效且更安全的治疗方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.