同步与非同步扫描对CT数字减影血管造影图像质量的影响

目的探讨同步与非同步扫描对64层容积CT数字减影血管造影（VCTDSA）图像质量的影响。方法建立紧贴骨结构的血管模型,采用64层螺旋CT进行扫描：①未注射对比剂螺旋扫描20次,球管曝光时间为2.1s,扫描间隔时间分别为1.9s、3.9s、5.9s、7.9s、9.9s、11.9s、13.9s、15.9s、17.9s、19.9s,2.9s、4.9s、6.9s、8.9s、10.9s、3.0s、4.0s、5.0s、6.0s、7.0s。②注射对比剂后螺旋扫描10次,扫描间隔时间分别为9.9s、11.9s、13.9s、15.9s、17.9s,10.9s、12.9s、11.0s、12.0s、13.0s,其余扫描参数同①。减影后数据行3D容积再现（VR）及最大密度投影（MIP）图像重组,评价减影后图像质量、测量减影后全幅图像CT值、记录球管曝光角度差。结果注射对比剂前后同步扫描15次,减影后图像质量均为Ⅰ级,非同步扫描15次,减影后图像质量Ⅰ级2次、Ⅱ级12次、Ⅲ级1次;20次未注射对比剂减影后图像CT值比较,非同步扫描减影后图像CT值均数高于同步扫描;同步扫描的球管曝光角度差均数明显小于非同步扫描。结论同步扫描保证球管曝光的起始位置相同,可明显提高VCTDSA的图像质量。     

CT评估种类型永久植入下腔静脉滤器穿透血管壁差异

目的 CT对比观察TrapEase滤器、Vena-Tech LP滤器及伞状滤器(Greenfield和Simmons)永久置入后穿出下腔静脉(IVC)血管壁的差异。方法回顾性分析2008年1月—2014年3月87例接受永久性下腔静脉滤器(IVF)置入术患者共87枚滤器的CT图像,其中TrapEase滤器39枚(TE组)、Vena-Tech LP滤器24枚(VT组)、伞状滤器24枚(G&S组)。评估不同类型IVF穿透IVC血管壁的级别,并观察毗邻组织器官损伤情况。结果 TE组(22/52,42.31%)和VT组(21/49,42.86%)中滤器穿出IVC血管壁1级所占的比例显著高于G&S组(7/39,17.95%,P<0.001)。滤器仅穿入1个邻近器官所占比例在TE和VT组中分别为90.91%(10/11)和100%(9/9),而G&S组中滤器多同时穿入2个及以上器官者占63.33%(19/30)。3只以上滤器脚(柱)同时穿入邻近器官的情况多见于G&S组(16/18,88.89%)。结论G&S型IVF较TE和VT型具有更高的穿透IVC血管壁风险,且存在同时穿入多个毗邻组织器官的可能。     

双能量CT血管成像在颅内动脉瘤钛夹夹闭术后随访中的应用

目的探讨双能量CTA(DECTA)在颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后随访中的价值。方法对77例临床确诊为颅内动脉瘤并接受动脉瘤钛夹夹闭术的患者行DECTA检查,将原始数据传至后处理工作站进行图像重组,采用原始轴位图像与重建图像相结合的方式进行综合分析。结果 77例中,DECTA均能清晰显示动脉瘤夹闭情况、动脉瘤钛夹及载瘤动脉与其他颅内主要大血管的通畅情况;共84个动脉瘤接受手术夹闭,其中颅内动脉瘤完全夹闭82个,均未发生移位,动脉瘤颈残留2个;3例动脉瘤夹闭术后其他部位出现新发病灶,1例载瘤动脉血管纤细狭窄。结论 DECTA可作为颅内动脉瘤患者动脉瘤钛夹夹闭术后准确、无创的影像学随访方法。     

山东半岛成人肾下下腔静脉直径与长度测量及其意义

目的 利用数字减影血管造影(DSA)测量肾下下腔静脉的直径及长度,定位肾静脉位置,更好地指导下腔静脉滤器类型选择与准确置放.方法 选择2008年4月至2010年6月因下肢深静脉血栓形成行下腔静脉滤器置放的83例患者,男性49例,女性34例,平均年龄56.4岁.滤器置放指征均参考ACCP-8标准.于放置滤器前行下腔静脉造影,通过DSA自带软件测量肾下下腔静脉直径及长度,同时确认肾静脉开口的位置及下腔静脉的形态,根据上述结果选择不同的滤器.结果 根据造影结果选择合适滤器,所有滤器释放位置良好,无覆盖肾静脉情况发生.肾下下腔静脉直径10～26 mm,平均(19±5)mm,无直径＞28 mm的巨大下腔静脉.肾下段下腔静脉长度平均为(10.6±2.8)cm.肾静脉位于L1-2之间,髂静脉分叉位于L4-5腰椎之间.结论 肾下下腔静脉直径与长度的测量对于指导滤器类型的选择及国产滤器的研发有较大作用,下腔静脉造影对腔静脉滤器的精确置放有重要的指导意义.

Abstract：

Objective To measure the diameter and length of infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC)in Shandong Peninsula adult through digital subtraction angiography ( DSA) for better vena cava filter (VCF) choice and placement. Methods From April 2008 to June 2010, 83 discontinuous patients (49 males and 34 females, mean age 56. 4 years) with deep venous thrombosis ( DVT) of lower extremity were placed VCF through DSA according to ACCP-8. During operation, diameter and length of infrarenal IVC were measured. At the same time, the renal vein location and the type of the IVC were identified to help the VCF choice. Results All the VCFs were placed successfully, no complications occurred. The diameter of infrarenal IVC was 10 to 26 mm with a mean of (19 ±5) mm. The average length from beginning of IVC to the lower renal vein was (10. 6 ±2. 8) cm. The renal vein was located between the first and second lumbar vertebra, the IVC beginning was located between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra. Conclusions Diameter and length measurement of infrarenal IVC is helpful to the VCF selection and the domestic VCF research. Vena cava angiography is very important to the accurate placement of VCF.     

Budd-Chiari综合征:多层螺旋CT诊断的扫描技术

目的探讨多层螺旋CT在Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)诊断中的扫描方法与技术。方法使用Philips Bril-liance 6排螺旋CT扫描机,扫描层厚3.0~5.0 mm,螺距1.3,对14例BCS患者进行平扫、动脉期、门静脉期及延迟期扫描。其结果与下腔静脉造影和肝静脉造影结果进行比较。结果14例成像均满意,不但清晰显示了肝脏脾脏的病变,而且也清晰显示了肝静脉、副肝静脉、下腔静脉以及侧支循环血管情况。与数字减影血管造影(DSA)相比,下腔静脉病变的准确性为100%,主肝静脉病变的准确率为97.62%,副肝静脉的准确率为85.71%。结论BCS病变显示依赖于检查前患者的准备、扫描时间的把握、扫描参数的合理性和扫描方法的正确性。     

山东半岛成人肾下下腔静脉直径与长度测量及其意义

Objective To measure the diameter and length of infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC)in Shandong Peninsula adult through digital subtraction angiography ( DSA) for better vena cava filter (VCF) choice and placement. Methods From April 2008 to June 2010, 83 discontinuous patients (49 males and 34 females, mean age 56. 4 years) with deep venous thrombosis ( DVT) of lower extremity were placed VCF through DSA according to ACCP-8. During operation, diameter and length of infrarenal IVC were measured. At the same time, the renal vein location and the type of the IVC were identified to help the VCF choice. Results All the VCFs were placed successfully, no complications occurred. The diameter of infrarenal IVC was 10 to 26 mm with a mean of (19 ±5) mm. The average length from beginning of IVC to the lower renal vein was (10. 6 ±2. 8) cm. The renal vein was located between the first and second lumbar vertebra, the IVC beginning was located between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra. Conclusions Diameter and length measurement of infrarenal IVC is helpful to the VCF selection and the domestic VCF research. Vena cava angiography is very important to the accurate placement of VCF.     

山东半岛成人肾下下腔静脉直径与长度测量及其意义

Objective To measure the diameter and length of infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC)in Shandong Peninsula adult through digital subtraction angiography ( DSA) for better vena cava filter (VCF) choice and placement. Methods From April 2008 to June 2010, 83 discontinuous patients (49 males and 34 females, mean age 56. 4 years) with deep venous thrombosis ( DVT) of lower extremity were placed VCF through DSA according to ACCP-8. During operation, diameter and length of infrarenal IVC were measured. At the same time, the renal vein location and the type of the IVC were identified to help the VCF choice. Results All the VCFs were placed successfully, no complications occurred. The diameter of infrarenal IVC was 10 to 26 mm with a mean of (19 ±5) mm. The average length from beginning of IVC to the lower renal vein was (10. 6 ±2. 8) cm. The renal vein was located between the first and second lumbar vertebra, the IVC beginning was located between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra. Conclusions Diameter and length measurement of infrarenal IVC is helpful to the VCF selection and the domestic VCF research. Vena cava angiography is very important to the accurate placement of VCF.     

山东半岛成人肾下下腔静脉直径与长度测量及其意义

Objective To measure the diameter and length of infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC)in Shandong Peninsula adult through digital subtraction angiography ( DSA) for better vena cava filter (VCF) choice and placement. Methods From April 2008 to June 2010, 83 discontinuous patients (49 males and 34 females, mean age 56. 4 years) with deep venous thrombosis ( DVT) of lower extremity were placed VCF through DSA according to ACCP-8. During operation, diameter and length of infrarenal IVC were measured. At the same time, the renal vein location and the type of the IVC were identified to help the VCF choice. Results All the VCFs were placed successfully, no complications occurred. The diameter of infrarenal IVC was 10 to 26 mm with a mean of (19 ±5) mm. The average length from beginning of IVC to the lower renal vein was (10. 6 ±2. 8) cm. The renal vein was located between the first and second lumbar vertebra, the IVC beginning was located between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra. Conclusions Diameter and length measurement of infrarenal IVC is helpful to the VCF selection and the domestic VCF research. Vena cava angiography is very important to the accurate placement of VCF.     

下肢深静脉血栓多排螺旋CT诊断进展

随着多排螺旋CT的发展,CT静脉造影检查在诊断下肢深静脉血栓中的应用越来越多。CT静脉造影检查方法多样,包括直接造影法、间接造影法、双向下肢深静脉造影检查以及肺动脉联合下肢深静脉造影等,准确性较高,与其他影像学检查方法比较具有一定优势。本文就CT静脉造影检查方法在诊断下肢深静脉血栓中的应用进展进行综述。     

原发性下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤1例

<正>患者女,55岁,因"无明显诱因出现腹部包块2年余"入院。查体:下腹部触及约15cm×15cm×20cm肿物,活动性欠佳,无明显压痛、反跳痛及肌紧张。CT:右侧腹膜后见团块状浅分叶型软组织密度影,约18.1cm×10.4cm×8.6cm,CT值约9~70HU,边缘尚清,增强扫描病灶呈不均匀延迟强化,内见     

长期口服利伐沙班联合介入治疗Budd-Chiari综合征合并下腔静脉陈旧性血栓1例

正患者男,47岁,因"反复双下肢水肿伴色素沉着5年余,加重1个月"入院;既往无肝病史及长期饮酒史。查体:肝肋下3cm,脾肋下4cm;胸腹壁可见纵行曲张静脉,血流方向由下至上,双下肢及阴囊肿胀,双下肢色素沉积。实验室检查:血清总胆红素12.0μmol/L,白蛋白26.9g/L,凝血酶原时间11.30s。     

大鼠下腔静脉型巴德-吉亚利综合征动物模型的制备

目的通过部分结扎大鼠肝后段下腔静脉(IVC)建立IVC阻塞型巴德-吉亚利综合征(BCS)模型。方法采用随机数字法将36只健康成年SD大鼠分为模型组和对照组。对模型组大鼠以3F微导管部分结扎肝后段IVC,对照组仅暴露肝后段IVC,其余处理相同。术后第28天取外周静脉血行肝功能检查,术后第84天和第85天分别行腹部超声和DSA,评价IVC阻塞程度及侧支静脉形成后处死大鼠,对肝脏、脾脏行病理学检查。结果建模成功率83.33%(15/18)。术后第28天,模型组大鼠静脉血谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、谷氨酰转移酶和总胆红素均较对照组升高(P均0.05);术后第84天和85天腹部超声及DSA检查均证实模型组大鼠存在IVC阻塞,肝内及肝外侧支静脉形成。光镜下模型组大鼠肝组织严重脂肪样变性,肝小叶中央静脉及其周围肝血窦扩张、淤血,汇管区纤维增生和轻度纤维化;电镜下可见肝细胞内细胞器减少,存在局限性水肿,胞质内大量脂滴堆积,粗面及细面内质网扩张,周围线粒体减少,肝细胞核膜裂隙增宽等改变。结论部分结扎大鼠肝后段IVC可成功制备IVC阻塞型BCS,为BCS研究提供平台。     

疑难重症或介入后复发布-加综合征的治疗

目的 探讨疑难、重症和介入后复发布-加综合征的治疗方法.方法 2004年2月至2007年8月间对28例疑难重症或复发的布加综合征患者进行了治疗,其中有经皮球囊扩张或支架植入术后复发者16例、手术后复发2例和疑难重症10例.治疗方法包括:肠腔房转流术10例,肠腔颈内静脉转流6例(1例采用了水母头),腔房或腔颈转流3例,肠腔转流2例,根治或扩大型根治术7例.结果 手术死亡1例(3.6%).人工血管感染1例(3.6%).随访中疗效优、良、中、差和死亡者分别为22.2%、55.5%、14.8%、3.7%和3.7%,满意者占92.5%.结论 根据不同病情施以积极个体化治疗,为疑难、重症和复发的布加综合征患者带来了希望.     

下腔静脉血栓形成诊断及介入治疗进展

下腔静脉血栓是一种少见疾病,其所有致病因素均可归属于血液淤滞状态、血管损伤及血液高凝状态;患者的症状和体征随病因不同而有差异,从无症状到心血管系统衰竭均有可能,因而治疗方案有别,包括抗凝、外科开放手术及腔内介入治疗等。本文就下腔静脉血栓的病因、临床表现、诊断及介入治疗等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

大腔导管抽吸联合溶栓治疗巴德-吉亚利综合征合并下腔静脉血栓

目的观察大腔导管抽吸术联合置管溶栓及血管成形术治疗巴德-吉亚利综合征(BCS)合并下腔静脉(IVC)血栓的安全性及有效性。方法将74例BCS合并IVC新鲜或以新鲜血栓为主的混合血栓患者分为血栓抽吸组(32例)和单纯溶栓组(42例)。血栓抽吸组接受大腔导管抽吸联合经导管溶栓及血管腔内成形术,单纯溶栓接受行经导管溶栓及血管腔内成形术,比较2组血栓清除效果、溶栓时间、溶栓药用量及并发症。结果2组技术成功率均为100%。血栓抽吸组平均溶栓时间、尿激酶平均用量少于单纯溶栓组(P均<0.05)。血栓抽吸组Ⅲ级血栓清除12例、Ⅱ级19例、Ⅰ级1例,单纯溶栓组分别为17、20及5例,2组差异无统计学意义(P=0.33)。血栓抽吸组2例(2/32,6.25%)、单纯溶栓组3例(3/42,7.14%)出现并发症,组间差异无统计学意义(P=1.00)。结论大腔导管抽吸联合溶栓及血管成形术治疗BCS合并IVC血栓可缩短溶栓时间,减少溶栓药用量,且安全性较好。     

肝脏巨大血管瘤行肝静脉与下腔静脉阻断的临床效果分析

目的探讨肝静脉肝外阻断在近第二肝门肝脏巨大血管瘤治疗中的应用。方法回顾性分析2012年2月至2014年5月收治的32例肝门肝脏巨大血管瘤患者的临床资料,根据治疗方法分为肝静脉阻断(HVE组14例)与下腔静脉阻断(IVE组18例)。记录两组患者术中情况、术后情况及并发症情况差异。在SPSS 10.0中进行统计分析,术中指标;术后第1、3、7天的生化指标以(x珋±s)表示,采用两样本独立t检验,两组间并发症率比较采用卡方检验,检验水准取α=0.05。结果 HVE组的手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、术后引流量均显著的低于IVE组(t=3.005、t=8.187、t=17.411、t=6.958,P0.05)。IVE组的总胆红素(TBIL)在术后3 d显著高于HVE组(t=3.024,P=0.012);IVE组的ALT、AST在术后第1天显著高于HVE组(t=2.673、t=2.801、P0.05)差异均有统计学意义。术后并发症HVE组为2例(14.29%)显著低于IVE组的9例(50.00%)(χ2=4.453,P=0.035)。结论相对于IVE技术,HVE技术的术中创伤更小,术后肝功能恢复更快,并发症发生率更低。     

布加综合征继发下腔静脉血栓的诊治

目的：探讨布加综合征继发下腔静脉（inferior vena cava,IVC)血栓形成的诊断方法，方法：本组31例，均做术前造影，彩超检查28例，28例行根治术并取栓。结果：造影发现血栓24例，彩超发现25例，手术无死亡及急性肺动脉栓塞，随访6个月－80个月，复发3例。结果：造影对附着于侧壁或大块的血栓诊断确切，对前后壁或漂浮的血栓易漏诊。在治疗中，新鲜或漂浮的血栓在切开IVC后多被血流冲出，附壁血栓可采用球囊导管拖栓或手法取出。