脊柱转移癌全脊椎切除术后临床疗效分析

目的 :探索脊柱转移癌全脊椎切除术后临床疗效情况,评估术后新发转移情况。方法 :回顾性分析我院2004年1月~2014年12月行全脊椎切除术治疗的脊柱转移癌患者11例,原发灶为甲状腺癌3例,乳腺癌5例,肾癌1例,肺癌1例,胰腺癌1例。胸腰椎5例,均行全脊椎整块切除,下颈椎及颈胸椎6例,均行全脊椎分块切除。术前Tomita评分,2分3例,3分5例,3分以上3例;术前疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue score,VAS)为7.18±1.19分。所有患者根据脊髓损伤神经功能评分标准(Frankel分级):E级6例,D级4例,C级1例。结果:所有病例手术均顺利完成并获得随访,手术时间358.3±155.9min,手术出血量1850.0±969.8ml;术后1~2周复查均未见手术部位癌残余,术后出现并发症3例,胸膜损伤胸腔积液伴肺不张1例,脑脊液漏及胸膜损伤1例,吸入性肺炎及喉反神经麻痹1例,均保守治疗6周后好转。术后患者疼痛均明显改善,VAS评分降至1.64±0.77分(P0.0001),术后疼痛改善优良率为100%;术后无神经功能损害加重病例,术前有神经功能损害者术后均改善一等级。术后随访18~73个月(平均42.4±16.2个月),死亡4例,均因癌症晚期死亡。随访期内无瘤生存3例(27.3%),术后局部复发4例(36.4%),其中整块切除术后复发1例(20%),分块切除术后复发3例(50%),整块切除术后局部复发率数值较分块切除高(P0.05);术后1年内出现远处新发转移(手术部位外新发转移灶)4例(36.4%),均为骨转移灶。结论:全脊椎切除手术是治疗脊柱转移癌的一种有效手术方式,能明显改善患者疼痛及神经功能;但是术后远处新发转移率较高,需引起重视。     

病灶内边界整块切除对于恶性和局部侵袭性脊椎肿瘤的意义

目的:对比病灶内边界整块切除与分块切刮治疗恶性或局部侵袭性脊椎肿瘤患者的预后,评估肿瘤不同切除方式对临床疗效的影响。方法:2007年6月~2015年12月47例计划进行整块切除的脊柱原发性肿瘤或孤立性转移瘤患者(获得病灶内边界),按照肿瘤切除方式分为整块切除和分块切刮两组。其中32例患者进入整块切除组,15例未能完成肿瘤整块切除的患者进入分块切刮组。对两组患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤恶性程度、累及部位、手术入路、是否全脊椎切除、随访时间、术中出血量、手术时间、肿瘤局部复发、生存情况、并发症情况进行统计比较。结果:两组患者在平均年龄、性别、肿瘤恶性程度、累及节段、手术入路、是否全脊椎切除、术后神经功能改善、随访时间等方面无显著性差异(P0.05)。平均手术时间整块切除组424.53±236.93min,分块切刮组306.67±90.92min(P0.05);平均术中出血量整块切除组4043.75±2305.80ml,分块切刮组3680.00±3163.23ml(P0.05)。整块切除组和分块切刮组中,分别有11例(34.4%)和3例(20%)患者出现并发症(P0.05)。整块切除组肿瘤局部复发12例(37.5%),随访期内17例无瘤生存,8例带瘤生存,7例因肿瘤死亡;分块切刮组肿瘤局部复发9例(60%),无瘤生存,带瘤生存,因肿瘤死亡各5例。两组在肿瘤局部无复发生存率及总体生存率上存在显著差异(P0.05)。结论:对脊柱恶性或侵袭性肿瘤进行整块切除,即使获得病灶内边界,较分块切刮仍具有较好的局部控制和生存率,但具有较高的并发症发生率。     

骶骨原发骨肉瘤的外科治疗效果评价

目的:评价骶骨原发骨肉瘤的外科治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析2000年6月~2013年12月在我院接受肿瘤切除重建手术的26例骶骨原发骨肉瘤患者资料。其中男15例,女11例;中位年龄28岁(12~68岁)。分析本组患者的手术方式、总体与无进展生存时间以及功能状态。采用卡方检验比较整块切除和分块切除术后复发率。Kaplan-Meier法计算总体生存率,比较整块切除和分块切除组的总体生存率及无进展生存率。结果:16例患者接受整块切除术,10例接受分块切除术。出血量3435.3±1529.0ml(400~6600ml),手术时间6.8±2.4h(3~12h)。无围手术期致死性并发症发生。8例(30.7%)出现伤口并发症,经再次手术治疗后愈合良好。3例保留至少单侧S3及以上神经根的患者,术后大小便功能基本正常;7例保留至少单侧S2及以上神经根的患者中,术后膀胱控尿功能及大便控制部分受损,但均可自行排尿排便;仅保留至少单侧S1以上神经根的6例患者,术后均留置尿管,行自主膀胱功能锻炼,半年后均可拔除尿管,经定时挤压腹部排尿,此类患者均有不同程度的大便困难,但未做结肠造瘘。9例行全骶骨切除的患者均切断双侧S1神经根,5例患者术后出现足的跖屈肌力减弱,但可借助双拐或支具下地行走。术后随访6~87个月(29.7±19.7个月)。13例(50%)患者术后出现远处转移,10例患者(38.5%)出现局部复发(其中5例为局部复发合并远处转移)。术后1年生存率为92.3%,5年生存率为38.7%。整块切除者复发率为3/16(18.8%),分块切除者复发率为7/10(70%),分块切除复发率较整块切除高(P=0.015)。中位生存时间整块切除者为24个月,分块切除者为18个月,总体生存率无统计学差异(P=0.22);中位无进展生存时间整块切除者为19个月,分块切除者为8个月,整块切除者的无进展生存率高于分块切除者(P=0.04)。结论:对于骶骨原发骨肉瘤,整块切除术的局部控制率及无进展生存率优于分块切除术;部分病例可获得长期生存,但5年整体生存率仍较低。     

前路内镜辅助后路改良一期全脊柱整块切除脊柱重建术治疗胸椎肿瘤

目的探讨前路内镜辅助后路改良一期全脊柱整块切除脊柱重建术治疗胸椎肿瘤的疗效。方法采用经前路内镜辅助联合后路改良全脊椎整块切除、脊椎重建术治疗4例胸椎肿瘤患者。记录手术时间、术中出血量、输血量,观察局部疼痛和脊髓功能恢复以及肿瘤复发、植骨融合、脊柱稳定情况。结果手术时间250~295(269.3±39.8)min,术中出血量850~1 550(1 232.5±37.9)ml,输血量300~1 000(675±100)ml。4例均获得随访,时间3~24个月。1例发生胸腔积液,经引流抗感染后好转。患者局部疼痛和脊髓功能均有不同程度改善。1例肺癌转移患者术后3个月因肺癌复发死亡;其他患者术后3、6、12个月复查未见脊柱肿瘤复发,植骨融合良好,无钛网移位及脊柱失稳,无断钉、断棒现象。结论前路内镜辅助后路改良一期全脊柱整块切除术能提高胸椎肿瘤病灶切除率、减少术中出血量及输血量,手术安全,效果较好。     

全脊椎切除术与次全脊椎切除术治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效分析

【摘要】 目的：对比分析全脊椎切除术和次全脊椎切除术治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2004年5月~2017年2月在我院接受手术治疗的43例脊柱转移瘤患者的资料,根据手术方式分为两组：全脊椎切除组14例,次全脊椎切除组29例。两组患者性别、年龄、原发肿瘤性质、病灶类型等一般资料差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。分别采用KPS（Karnofsky performance scale）评分、视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、Frankel分级对患者术前、术后1个月的功能状态、疼痛程度以及神经功能进行评估。术后随访观察患者生存情况,绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线,使用Log-rank检验进行比较。结果：全脊椎切除组与次全脊椎切除组患者术前VAS评分分别为5.29±1.54分、5.00±1.58分,KPS评分分别为70.71±8.29分、69.31±11.00分,术后1个月VAS评分分别为1.00±1.52分、0.97±1.88分,KPS评分分别为85.00±7.60分、85.17±17.45分,均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）,而两组组内无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组患者术后Frankel分级较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）,两组组间比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。术后6例出现局部复发,其中全脊椎切除组1例,次全脊椎切除组5例,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.416,P=0.011）。生存分析结果显示全脊椎切除组患者术后中位生存时间为10.0个月（95%CI：0.29~19.71）;次全脊椎切除组患者术后中位生存时间为11.0个月（95%CI：4.60~17.40）,全脊椎切除与次全脊椎切除的两组患者术后半年累积生存率分别为63.6%、63.2%,术后1年生存率分别为45.2%、42.1%,两组间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：全脊椎切除与次全脊椎切除手术均能明显改善脊柱转移瘤患者功能状态、疼痛程度以及神经功能,全脊椎切除有助于减少脊柱转移瘤术后局部复发。     

全脊椎切除不同术式治疗腰椎转移瘤的比较研究

目的：比较全脊椎碎块切除、全脊椎大块切除和全脊椎整块切除3种方法治疗腰椎转移瘤的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年10月收治的20例腰椎转移瘤患者的临床资料,其中男8例,女12例;年龄35-65岁,平均（49.50±9.97）岁;均为单节段孤立转移。肿瘤部位：L14例,L25例,L34例,L44例,L53例。Tomita分型：Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型6例,Ⅳ型6例,Ⅴ型4例。Tokuhashi评分12.50±1.97,所有患者有腰背部或下肢疼痛症状,疼痛视觉评分（VAS）为8.13±0.85。分别采用全脊椎碎块切除（A组7例）、全脊椎大块切除（B组7例）和全脊椎整块切除（C组6例）进行治疗。通过观察手术时间、术中出血量和术中输血量等评价手术的创伤性;比较术前与术后1周的VAS评分评价临床症状改善情况;观察手术前后正侧位X线片评价手术实施情况;比较3组患者术后肿瘤的复发和死亡情况评价手术的后期效果。结果：20例患者均获随访,时间6-36个月,平均（16.50±7.88）个月。手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血量A组分别为（6.14±0.68）h,（3 457.14±399.40）ml,（2 771.43±423.14）ml;B组分别为（4.93±0.61）h,（1 942.86±378.51）ml,（1 500.00±336.65）ml;C组分别为（4.17±0.67）h,（1341.67±361.13）ml,（916.67±321.66）ml,3组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,整块切除术优于大块切除术,大块切除术优于碎块切除术。3种手术方式术后1周VAS评分较术前均有明显下降（P〈0.05）,3组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。通过比较手术前后正侧位X线片发现3种手术方式的实施效果都比较好。末次随访时A组复发4例（乳腺癌2例,前列腺癌1例,甲状腺癌1例）,死亡3例（肺癌2例,甲状腺癌1例）;B组复发2例（乳腺癌与前列腺癌各1例）,死亡3例（肺癌、乳腺癌和肾癌各1例）;C组未见复发病例,死亡2例为肺癌。3种手术方式在肿瘤的复发和死亡情况方面比较?     

一期经后路全脊椎整块切除术治疗胸腰椎肿瘤

目的探讨一期经后路全脊椎整块切除术治疗胸腰椎肿瘤的近期疗效。方法采用经后路全脊椎整块切除术治疗8例胸腰椎肿瘤患者。观察手术时间、术中出血量、局部疼痛,以及肿瘤复发、植骨融合、脊柱稳定性情况。结果手术时间为4.5~7(5.5±1.2)h。术中出血量为1 600~4 000(2 500±1 000)ml。患者均获得随访,时间8~48个月。近期疗效均较满意,局部疼痛有不同程度改善。未发现复发或转移,植骨融合良好,无钛网移位及脊柱失稳,无断钉、断棒现象。结论一期单纯经后路全脊椎整块切除术能提高脊柱肿瘤病灶切除率、降低局部复发率,近期随访疗效满意。     

一期后路全脊椎切除术治疗多椎节脊柱肿瘤

目的 :探讨一期后路全脊椎切除术治疗多椎节脊柱肿瘤的安全性和有效性。方法 :回顾性分析2009年11月~2015年9月因多椎节脊柱肿瘤于我院行全脊椎切除术(total en bloc spondylectomy,TES)且资料完整的9例患者,男8例,女1例;年龄42.0±13.7岁(24~64岁)。原发肿瘤5例,其中骨巨细胞瘤2例,恶性神经鞘膜瘤、造釉细胞瘤、间叶源性肿瘤各1例;转移性肿瘤4例,其中肾癌、肝癌、前列腺癌、脂肪肉瘤各1例。记录手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、并发症、住院天数、术前及术后疼痛程度、神经功能情况。术后随访观察肿瘤是否复发、远处转移以及患者存活情况。结果:9例患者均成功接受一期后路多椎节全脊椎切除术,其中2椎节切除6例,3椎节2例,4椎节1例。手术时间8.9±2.8h(7~16h)、术中出血量3422.2±1342.4ml(1700~6000ml)、输血量2200.0±842.6ml(1000~4000ml)、住院时间31.1±20.3d(14~73d)。3例患者术中硬膜撕裂,1例胸膜破裂,3例患者术后出现胸腔积液,1例4椎体切除患者术后出现胸腔感染,无神经、大血管损伤等严重并发症。围手术期无死亡病例。1例患者随访期间出现钛网下沉,其他无内固定并发症。术后VAS评分(0.9±1.1分)较术前(7.1±1.2分)明显下降(P0.05)。术前脊髓神经功能5例ASIA分级为E级,术后仍为E级;3例术前D级,2例恢复至E级,1例仍为D级;1例术前C级,术后恢复至D级。9例患者均得到随访,随访时间29.8±15.2个月(12~61个月),随访期内6例患者局部无肿瘤复发,另3例患者分别于术后8个月、18个月、28个月时发现手术部位局部肿瘤复发。4例死亡,其中3例因全身多发转移死亡,1例死于肿瘤复发引起的并发症,中位生存期为34.75个月。结论:一期后路全脊椎切除术治疗多椎节脊柱肿瘤仍是高风险、高难度手术,但是可以术后即刻改善患者生活质量,需严格把握手术指征。     

食管癌术后肺转移瘤的外科治疗效果及预后影响因素分析

目的探讨食管癌术后肺转移瘤的外科治疗效果及其预后影响因素。方法回顾性分析1994年3月至2008年5月徐州市第一人民医院和河北大学附属医院收治的食管癌术后肺转移瘤患者15例的临床资料,男10例、女5例,年龄43~72（65.0±8.8）岁。手术方式为肺部分切除术、肺楔形切除术、肺段切除术及肺叶切除术。随访时间60个月,分析转移瘤数目及大小、原发瘤TNM分期及无瘤生存时间（DFI）对肺转移瘤患者术后生存率的影响。结果肺转移瘤患者术后12、24、60个月的生存率分别为80.0%、66.7%和6.7%,患者术后中位DFI为30个月,DFI≥24个月肺转移瘤患者的术后生存率明显高于DFI〈24个月者（χ2=5.144,P=0.023）。肺单发转移患者的术后生存率明显高于肺多发转移患者（χ2=3.990,P=0.046）。而肺转移瘤大小和原发瘤TNM分期对肺转移瘤患者术后生存率无明显影响（P〉0.05）。Cox比例风险模型分析DFI是影响肺转移瘤患者术后生存率的主要因素（P=0.026）。结论外科手术是治疗食管癌术后肺转移的手段之一,尤其在肺单发转移瘤和食管癌术后DFI〉24个月的患者手术切除效果可能更佳。     

全脊椎切除术与分离术治疗胸腰椎孤立性转移肿瘤的疗效比较

目的比较全脊椎切除术与分离术治疗胸腰椎孤立性转移肿瘤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2012-07—2017-08诊治的55例胸腰椎孤立性转移瘤,29例采用全脊椎切除术治疗(切除组),26例采用分离手术治疗(分离组),比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、并发症情况、复发胸腰椎转移瘤数、术后生存时间以及末次随访时疼痛VAS评分、Frankel神经功能等级。结果 2组均顺利完成手术并获得完整随访,随访时间5～37个月,平均22.5个月。分离组手术时间较切除组少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。切除组术后并发症、复发胸腰椎转移瘤数较分离组少,生存时间较分离组长,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时2组疼痛VAS评分、Frankel神经功能等级比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全脊椎切除术与分离术治疗胸腰椎孤立性转移肿瘤可改善患者疼痛、神经功能症状,全脊椎切除术在减少局部复发胸腰椎转移瘤、提高患者生存时间方面具有一定优势。     

Intra-abdominal metastases in musculoskeletal sarcomas

This study examined the incidence, histological type, clinical symptoms, and prognosis in patients with intra-abdominal metastases of musculoskeletal sarcomas. The medical records of 505 patients with musculoskeletal sarcomas were reviewed for examples of intra-abdominal metastases. The incidence of intra-abdominal metastases (excluding lung) was: 4% in the liver (20 patients), 1.2% in gastrointestine (6 patients), 0.8% in pancreas (4 patients), and 0.8% on the peritoneal surface (4 patients). Patients with a previous hisory of lung metastases and those with high-grade liposarcoma tended to show metastasis in the intra-abdominal organs. Most patients with liver metastasis had no symptoms. Patients with gastrointestinal metastasis had abdominal pain, anemia, and melena. Patients with pancreatic metastasis had diabetes and jaundice. Six patients underwent surgical treatment, and two of them survived for more than 2 years. Metastases within the abdomen must be considered as a possible site for dissemination of musculoskeletal sarcomas, especially in patients with advanced disease and those with liposarcoma. Received: February 2, 2000 / Accepted: May 18, 2000     

A rare metastasis in the hand: a case of cutaneous metastasis of choriocarcinoma to the small finger

Gestational choriocarcinoma is a malignant epithelial neoplasm of trophoblastic cells derived from any form of a previously normal or abnormal pregnancy. Choriocarcinoma is a rapidly invasive, widely metastasizing, malignant neoplasm. Hand and cutaneous metastases are rare and only one other report describing hand involvement was found in the literature. A 33-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of a papular lesion (6 x 4 mm) at the junction of the hyponychium and the nail bed of the dominant right small finger. At the time, she was being treated for choriocarcinoma with lung and brain metastases. Histopathology studies showed that the soft-tissue lesion from the patient's finger was a cutaneous metastasis of choriocarcinoma.     

Thyroid gland metastasis arising from primary liver cholangiocarcinoma: The first case report involving surgical operation

IntroductionA primary cancer causing thyroid metastasis is extremely rare. In western countries, the most common primary tumors causing thyroid metastases include kidney, lung, breast, and gastrointestinal cancers. In contrast, breast is the most common primary site, followed by kidney, colon, and lung cancers in Korea. To the best of our knowledge, surgically confirmed thyroid metastasis from cholangiocarcinoma has not been reported. Herein, we report the first case of thyroid metastasis secondary to cholangiocarcinoma on which surgery was performed.Presentation of caseA 55-year-old man was diagnosed with hepatic malignancy in December 2008. He subsequently received 2 cycles of transarterial chemoembolization and 4 cycles of radio-frequency ablation between 2008 and 2010. At follow-up in January 2011, brain metastasis was identified in the right parietal area secondary to cholangiocarcinoma. In April 2011, the patient was found to have palpable masses on the left thyroid and lateral neck. The patient subsequently underwent total thyroidectomy followed by left radical neck dissection. Intraoperatively, an ill-defined mass measuring 6.0 cm was found infiltrating the subcutaneous tissue into the prevertebral fascia. Microscopic and immunohistochemical findings confirmed that the thyroid masses and lymph nodes were metastatic cholangiocarcinoma.DiscussionPositive immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 19, and AFP and negative results for TG, TTF-1, and cytokeratin 20 can be definitely helpful in arriving at a correct diagnosis.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report on surgically resected thyroid and lateral neck metastases secondary to cholangiocarcinoma.     

Clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of acral metastases in patients with malignant disease: A retrospective study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the clinical, pathological, and prognostic characteristics of acral metastases in patients with malignant disease and to determine the impact of different types of acral metastasis treatment on patient survival.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 64 acral metastatic lesions in 46 patients (17 women, 29 men; mean age, 61.5 years; age range, 35–82 years) who were evaluated by the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Council of our institute from 2015 to 2019 were included. The patients’ primary tumor site, tumor type, localization of acral metastases, main symptom, duration from the diagnosis of the primary tumor to the diagnosis of acral metastasis, duration from the diagnosis of acral metastasis to death, and survival data were analyzed. The diagnosis of acral metastasis was confirmed by histopathological evaluation in 38 patients and clinical and radiological assessment of the lesions in 8 patients. The treatment type for each acral metastasis was individualized by the institutional Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors Council and categorized into 3 groups: excisional surgery (amputations and resections), palliative surgery (prophylactic fixation, intralesional curettage, and bone cement augmentation), and non-surgical treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy).ResultsA total of 16 acral metastases (25%) were identified in the upper extremity and 48 (75%) in the lower extremity. The most common primary tumor site was the lungs (32.6%), and the most common tumor type was adenocarcinoma (43.2%). The most frequent symptom and the primary reason for admission was pain (58.7%). The mean duration between the diagnosis of primary tumor and the diagnosis of acral metastasis was 19.1 (range, 0–124) months. No significant correlation was determined between the primary tumor types and duration from the diagnosis of primary tumor to the diagnosis of acral metastasis (p=0.278). Acral metastases were treated by excisional surgery in 15 (32.6%) patients, palliative surgery combined with non-surgical treatment in 10 (21.7%) patients, and only non-surgical treatment modalities in 21 (45.7%) patients. No significant correlation existed between the treatment types and patient survival (p=0.058). At the final follow-up, 30 (65.2%) patients were dead owing to the disease. The mean overall survival of the entire study group was 24.9 (range, 3–55) months. The mean duration between the diagnosis of acral metastasis and death was 7.6 (range, 3–24) months in patients who were dead owing to the disease (p=0.012).ConclusionWhen the diagnosis of acral metastasis is established, it should be borne in mind that the most common primary tumor site and type are most likely the lungs and adenocarcinoma, respectively. The treatment type for acral metastasis may have no significant impact on patient survival, but the extensiveness of the disease may be a critical factor for survival.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, Prognostic study     

Pure intramedullary spinal cord metastasis secondary to gastric cancer

Pure intramedullary spinal-cord metastases (ISCM) are a rare manifestation of cancer. We report a case of ISCM from gastric cancer. A 68-year-old man, treated with total gastrectomy for a gastric cancer, presented 9 months later with paresis of the left arm, pain and dissociated sensory loss. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pure intramedullary lesion at the C3–C5 level. After surgical resection, pathological findings revealed an undifferentiated adenocarcinoma of gastric origin. To our knowledge, this is only the second report of ISCM from gastric cancer in the literature.     

Management of adrenal metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose: Although the adrenal gland is a common site of extrahepatic metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there are no definitive guidelines for the treatment of adrenal metastasis. This study examines the effectiveness of various treatments for this disease. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients treated for adrenal metastasis of HCC by adrenalectomy (n = 13), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), or percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) (n = 7). Results: There were no significant differences in cumulative survival rates between patients given adrenalectomy and those given TACE or PEIT, either after completing treatment for primary HCC or after the first treatment for adrenal metastasis. Six of seven patients with tumor thrombi in the inferior vena cava (IVC) from adrenal metastasis underwent adrenalectomy combined with intracaval thrombectomy, five of whom survived for more than 1 year after surgery, and two of whom are still alive without any recurrence more than 3 years after surgery. PEIT showed good results for small adrenal metastasis. Conclusion: These findings suggest that therapeutic modalities should be chosen according to the clinical features of each individual, including the size of the metastatic tumor, whether there is invasion into the IVC, the function of the remaining liver, and the existence of intra- and/or nonadrenal extrahepatic lesions. Furthermore, intracaval tumor thrombectomy could be indicated for patients with IVC thrombus if they are suitable candidates for surgery. Received: July 9, 2001 / Accepted: July 2, 2002 Reprint requests to: Y. Shimahara     

Long-Term Survival Achieved by Resection of Metastases in the Liver and Lung in a Patient with Recurrent Colonic Cancer: Report of a Case

A 58-year-old man who underwent a potentially curative resection of cancer of the sigmoid colon at another hospital was subsequently followed up at our hospital. A lateral segmentectomy was per-formed for a solitary hepatic metastasis, and partial resection of right S1 was later carried out for a pulmonary metastasis. Another pulmonary metastasis was found 6 years after his third operation and to minimize the area to be resected, bronchial arterial infusion chemotherapy was performed twice. A 51% reduction in the size of the tumor was achieved, so a right upper lobectomy and wedge resection of the bronchus were performed. The patient remains alive 14 years after the initial resection of colonic cancer. This case is considered noteworthy because it demonstrates the potential effectiveness of local adjuvant chemotherapy and the possibility of extended survival in a patient who has undergone resection of both hepatic and pulmonary metastases from colonic cancer. Received: June 28, 1999 / Accepted: May 30, 2000     

肾细胞癌转移潜能的分子学研究进展

在肾细胞癌中发现癌转移标志物,对确定癌转移危险性及选择新靶标治疗至关重要。现经PIQOR“微阵列研究证实,在透明细胞肾细胞癌（ccRCC）的非转移、早发转移和迟发转移癌间存在着明显的基因表达差异。应用这种差异,可知其转移可能性及早发或迟发转移,并制定出适合个性化的特殊治疗计划,使疗效更显著。