光学体表监测系统在乳腺癌术后放疗颈胸膜固定中的应用

目的 建立光学体表监测系统（OSMS）在乳腺癌术后患者放疗颈胸膜固定中的摆位流程,与传统体表标记线摆位方式的摆位精度及其计划靶区体积（PTV）外放边界进行比较。方法 回顾性分析2019年3月至2019年8月于北京大学肿瘤医院行乳腺癌放疗的20例患者摆位数据,根据摆位方式分为OSMS摆位组和传统体表标记线摆位组,每组10例。通过锥形束CT（CBCT）刚性配准靶区微调后获取床左右（x轴向）、升降（y轴向）、进出（z轴向）、床旋转（Rtn）、进出倾斜（Pitch）、左右转动（Roll）配准误差;采用独立样本t检验和χ²检验分别统计误差绝对值和误差分布;最后由PTV外扩公式计算CTV-PTV外扩范围。结果 OSMS组和传统体表标记线组6维度配准误差取绝对值后平均值依次为0.18和0.18 cm、0.12和0.13 cm、0.13和0.23 cm、0.55°和0.74°、0.63°和0.99°、0.67°和0.68°;标准差依次为0.13和0.12 cm、0.09和0.09 cm、0.11和0.16 cm、0.37°和0.55°、0.53°和0.65°、0.42°和0.55°。两组病例摆位误差在z和Pitch方向差异均具有统计学意义（t=3.53、2.98,P<0.05）,两组z方向误差分布差异具有统计学意义（χ²=11.090,P<0.05）。OSMS组和传统体表标记线组x、y、z轴向CTV-PTV外放边界分别为0.28和0.26 cm、0.21和0.20 cm、0.24和0.35 cm。结论 建立和应用OSMS引导乳腺癌术后患者摆位流程,其摆位精度整体优于传统体表标记线摆位方式,且在z、Pitch方向摆位精度提升显著,z方向PTV外扩边界明显缩小,具有临床应用价值。     

准直器角度对胸上段食管癌容积旋转调强放疗剂量的影响

目的 研究不同准直器角度对胸上段食管癌病例的剂量影响。方法 选择8例胸上段食管癌病例作为研究对象,每个病例设计准直器角度为0°、5°、10°、15°、20°、25°、30°、35°、40°和45°的10个容积旋转调强放疗（VMAT）计划,比较不同角度下的靶区和危及器官各剂量参数以及总机器跳数。结果 通过比较10组不同准直器角度计划的各项指标结果,选取整体表现最佳的20°组和临床上使用较多的0°及45°组进行分析,显示正常组织全肺V₁₀、V₁₅和V₃₀差异有统计学意义（F=5.328、8.033、28.424,P < 0.05）,脊髓D_max和总机器跳数MU差异有统计学意义（F=9.608、4.464,P < 0.05）。其他指标差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 在胸上段食管癌VMAT计划设计时,选择合适的准直器角度可以保证靶区剂量分布,减少危及器官受量,能更好地保护正常组织,并提高治疗效率。     

联合体位固定技术在肺癌放射治疗中的应用研究

目的 对比分析采用联合体位固定与热塑膜固定的肺癌患者放疗时的摆位误差,探讨不同固定方式下临床靶体积（CTV）至计划靶体积（PTV）外扩边界及其对正常肺组织受照剂量的影响。方法 回顾性选取2016年10月至2018年3月在唐山市人民医院接受过胸部放射治疗的90例患者资料,按不同固定方式将患者分成联合体位组（热塑膜+发泡胶固定）50例,热塑膜组（热塑膜固定）40例。两组患者根据统一标准勾画靶区,1次/周锥形CT（CBCT）与计划CT图像匹配后分别记录左右、上下、前后（x、y、z轴）方向摆位误差,通过t检验进行分析。根据M_PTV=2.5∑+0.7δ计算联合体位组患者CTV至PTV外扩边界。通过治疗计划系统（TPS）系统分别计算两组患者的双肺V₅、V₂₀、V₃₀,并进行对比分析。结果 联合体位组与热塑膜组摆位误差在x轴分别为（1.00±0.58）和（3.28±0.43）mm、y轴分别为（1.42±0.28）和（4.03±0.41）mm、z轴分别为（1.06±0.44）和（3.18±0.34）mm,两组患者x、y、z 轴上的摆位误差比较,差异均有统计学意义（t=-20.740、-35.596、-25.015,P<0.05）。联合体位固定技术在中央型与周围型肺癌患者及在左、右肺癌患者摆位误差比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。通过M_PTV=2.5∑+0.7δ得出联合体位组患者CTV至PTV外扩边界在x、y、z轴分别为2.906、3.746 和2.958 mm。A、B两组对比得出,B组中V₅、V₂₀、V₃₀均值分别较A组减小1.5%、3.1%、4.8%。结论 联合体位固定技术可提高肺部肿瘤患者放射治疗体位固定的精确性,将CTV至PTV外扩边界进一步缩小,对减小放射性肺炎的发生具有一定价值。     

鼻咽癌患者放疗后记忆功能及影像学改变的临床分析

目的 分析局部晚期鼻咽癌患者放疗前、后记忆功能及脑磁共振影像学的改变。方法 回顾性分析2015年11月至2016年8月于浙江省肿瘤医院就诊的14例鼻咽癌患者的一般临床资料及剂量学资料,其中T₂ 1例,T₃ 7例,T₄ 6例,均接受2~3疗程PF/TP方案诱导化疗,及单药铂类同步调强放疗或TOMO治疗。比较放疗前及放疗后3个月数字广度测试及脑磁共振影像学的改变。结果 剂量学可分析资料患者9例,均采用调强放疗,海马V_mean（15.17±2.17）cm³,颞叶V_mean（95.07±12.26）cm³,海马D_mean（1 154.06±771.63）cGy,颞叶D_mean（1 306.61±603.69）cGy,海马D_max（3 797.61±1 450.98）cGy,颞叶D_max（5 394.17±982.28）cGy。海马生物等效均衡剂量（equivalent uniform dose,EUD）（2 233.28±872.73）cGy,颞叶EUD（3 113.11±603.69）cGy。10例患者放疗前、后正背均值分别为8.8±1.8和8.1±1.59（P>0.05）,放疗前、后倒背均值分别为6.2±1.04和5.3±2.36（t=3.25,P<0.05）。9例患者在放疗前及放疗后3个月进行脑磁共振结构像扫描,双侧颞叶可观察到灰质体积萎缩（t=4.57,P<0.05）。结论 局部晚期鼻咽癌患者接受放疗,海马及颞叶均不可避免受到照射,放疗后,记忆功能部分受损,双侧颞叶灰质体积萎缩,两者间可能存在一定相关性,需进一步扩大样本量。     

乳腺癌放疗中两种不同摆位方式的剂量分布及摆位误差比较

目的 比较研究乳腺癌放射治疗成角度胸前板（ABB）和平板胸前板（PBB）两种摆位方法治疗计划的剂量学参数及摆位误差。方法 选取2017年3月至2018年1月在浙江大学医学院附属第一医院就诊的20例左侧乳腺癌术后患者病例资料,按不同摆位方法分ABB组和PBB组,每组10例,在定位扫描的CT图像上勾画靶区、心脏和肺等结构。计划设计采用切线野中野（FIF）技术,比较两种摆位方法治疗计划的计划靶区体积（PTV）、肺、心脏的剂量学参数及摆位误差。结果 两种摆位方式治疗计划在肿瘤靶区覆盖方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。患侧肺V₂₀ ABB组和PBB组分别为（11.2±3.2）%和（15.9±5.3）%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=-2,47,P<0.05）,V₃₀ ABB组和PBB组分别为（9.8±1.5）%和（12.9±2.2）%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=-4.46,P<0.05）。心脏剂量V₂₅ ABB组和PBB组分别为（1.9±0.2）%和（2.8±0.4）%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=-8.28,P<0.05）,V₃₀ ABB组和PBB组分别为（1.8±0.1）%和（2.7±0.3）%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=-8.34,P<0.05）,心脏平均剂量D_mean ABB组和PBB组分别为（3.0±0.5）和（5.3±1.2）Gy,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=5.58,P<0.05）。ABB摆位在左右（LR）、上下（SI）、前后（AP）的平移误差分别为（3.23±2.63）、（5.42±3.22）、（4.58±2.30）mm,在θ、Φ、ψ方向的旋转误差分别为（1.60±0.56）°、（3.40±1.65）°、（2.50±1.72）°。PBB摆位误差在LR、SI、AP的平移误差分别为（2.35±1.22）、（2.17±1.29）、（2.27±1.58）mm,在θ、Φ、ψ方向的旋转误差分别为（1.37±0.43）°、（1.79±0.71）°、（2.06±0.63）°,且进出SI、前后AP、侧翻Φ误差,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（t=3.06,2.80,3.33,P<0.05）。结论 两种摆位方式治疗计划在肿瘤靶区覆盖方面差异无统计学意义,ABB摆位方式对正常组织的保护效果优于PBB摆位方式。但摆位精度PBB比ABB摆位方式更具优势。     

乳腺癌保乳术后放疗不同固定方式的比较

目的 分析比较乳腺癌保乳术后放疗不同固定方式的摆位精度差异。方法 回顾性选取北京医院2021年1—8月乳腺癌保乳术后接受放疗的患者60例,其中30例采用多功能体板联合改良型体膜固定(改良型体膜组),30例采用真空垫固定(真空垫组)。比较两组的摆位误差、三维矢量误差、>5 mm误差的比例,以及计划靶区(PTV)和临床靶区(CTV)在模拟移床前后的剂量差异(包括PTV_V₁₀₀、PTV_V₉₅、CTV_V₉₅和模拟移床以后的PTV_V_100S、PTV_V_95S、 CTV_V_95S),并进一步分析改良型体膜组不同放疗时间的摆位误差变化。结果 60例患者共行锥形束CT扫描369次,其中改良型体膜组195次,真空垫组174次。两组x、y、z方向(左右、头脚、腹背)的摆位误差分别为(2.59±1.98)、(2.38±2.04)、(1.45±1.16)mm和(2.24±1.63)、(2.78±2.17)、(2.70±1.88)mm,三维矢量误差分别为(4.32±2.28)、(5.13±2.14)mm。其中,改良型体膜组在z方向和三维矢量上误差小于真空垫组(t=-7.77、-3.41, P＜0.05)。 >5 mm误差出现的比例,真空垫组在x方向低于改良型体膜组(χ² =7.13,P＜0.05),改良型体膜组在z方向低于真空垫组(χ²=5.90,P＜0.05)。模拟移床后,改良型体膜组的PTV_V_100S优于于真空垫组(t=2.47,P＜0.05)。且改良型体膜组第1周的x方向误差大于第2~3周和第4~5周(P＜0.05)。结论 使用多功能体板联合改良型体膜固定总体效果优于单纯使用真空垫固定,但应特别注意放疗第1周x方向的误差。     

AlignRT引导联合开放式面罩的头部肿瘤放疗摆位流程与误差分析

目的 提出一种基于光学体表追踪系统AlignRT联合开放式面罩的头部肿瘤无标记线全疗程摆位流程,评估摆位时间和重复摆位次数,并对比分析AlignRT与锥形束CT （cone beam CT,CBCT）两者之间摆位误差的差异、相关性和一致性。方法 回顾性分析33例132分次开放式面罩固定头部肿瘤患者摆位误差数据,全疗程放疗使用AlignRT引导无标记线摆位并以治疗计划系统中自动生成的外轮廓（Body）结构作为参考体表,结束摆位后分别获取AlignRT与CBCT两种系统的左右（x轴）、升降（y轴）、进出（z轴）、床旋转（Rtn）、进出倾斜（Pitch）和左右转动（Roll）6维方向摆位误差,并记录摆位时间与重复摆位次数。分别采用Wilcoxon和Spearman法分析两种系统摆位误差的差异和相关性;应用Bland-Altman法评估两者一致性。结果 6维方向CBCT摆位误差均满足临床要求（线性方向范围-0.30~0.30 cm,旋转方向范围-2.0°~2.0°）,摆位时间为（98±31） s,重复摆位次数占比1.51%（2/132）。两种系统摆位误差除x （Z=-3.11,P=0.002）、y （Z=-7.40,P<0.001）和Pitch （Z=-4.48,P<0.001）外差异均无统计学意义。摆位误差除z方向外,x （r_s=0.47,P<0.001）、y （r_s=0.29,P=0.001）、Rtn （r_s=0.47,P<0.001）、Pitch （r_s=0.28,P=0.001）和Roll （r_s=0.45,P<0.001）均呈正相关。6维方向摆位误差95%一致性界限（95% LoA）分别为-0.12~0.09 cm、-0.07~0.17 cm、-0.19~0.20 cm、-1.0°~0.9°、-1.0°~1.5°和-0.9°~1.0°,95%一致性界限的95%可信区间（95%CI）分别为-0.14~0.11 cm、-0.09~0.19 cm、-0.23~0.23 cm、-1.2°~1.1°、-1.2°~1.7°和-1.0°~1.1°,均位于临床摆位误差容许范围之内。6维方向摆位误差差值3.41%（27/792<5%）在95% LoA之外。在95% LoA范围内,差值绝对值的最大值分别为0.12、0.16、0.19 cm、0.9°、1.5°和1.0°。结论 基于AlignRT联合开放式面罩的头部肿瘤无标记线全疗程摆位流程,使AlignRT与CBCT摆位误差具有一定的相关性和一致性,摆位效率尚可,可应用于首次治疗,并实现治疗中实时监测提高安全性,具有临床应用价值。     

模拟胆管内不同弧度125I粒子链的剂量学研究

目的 研究不同弧度胆管内¹²⁵I粒子链剂量学分布情况。方法 在纸上勾画出不同弧度的粒子链模型（弧长=2πr×角度/360）,计算弧长为45 mm对应的0°、30°、60°、90°、120°、150°、180°的模型。粒子链模型总长度为45 mm（每枚粒子间距为0 mm）。在粒子链模型向心侧和离心侧的中心点及两端点垂直距离5 mm处画标尺。用激光扫描仪扫描模型。每个弧度模型创建3层图片,模拟直径为8 mm的胆管。将图片导入放射性粒子源植入治疗计划系统（TPS）,模拟不同弧度的粒子链。使用TPS勾画大体肿瘤靶区（GTV）用于模拟直径8 mm的胆管,设定粒子初始活度1.85×10⁷ Bq,给予处方剂量60 Gy。计算直径为8 mm模拟胆管的D₉₀和V₁₀₀,以及粒子链中心点、两端点的向心侧及离心侧5 mm处剂量变化情况。结果 粒子链弧度为30°时,D₉₀（132 Gy）和V₁₀₀（100%）最高;弧度为60°时,D₉₀（45 Gy）和V₁₀₀（68%）最低。弧度为30°时,中心点处剂量最高（向心侧剂量为165 Gy,离心侧剂量142 Gy）;弧度为180°时,中心点处剂量最低（向心侧剂量为90 Gy,离心侧剂量50 Gy）。不同弧度时（不含0°）,中心点向心侧剂量均高于离心侧;两端点离心侧的剂量均大于向心侧。结论 随着弧度改变,粒子链剂量分布也相应变化,30°时D₉₀、V₁₀₀最大;弧度近心侧剂量明显高于远心侧。     

ExacTrac X-射线图像引导系统在体部肿瘤放疗中的摆位误差和残余误差分析

目的 通过对体部肿瘤放射治疗的ExacTrac X-射线图像的回顾性分析,了解患者群体的摆位误差和残余误差分布情况,研究六维放射治疗床修正摆位误差的必要性和有效性。方法 通过配准数字重建图像（DRR）和ExacTrac图像引导系统拍摄的正交kV级验证像的骨性解剖结构,计算患者3个方向的平移误差和旋转误差以及对应的残余误差。结果 平移摆位误差为x（左右方向）：（2.27±2.02）mm,y（头脚方向）：（4.49±2.52）mm,z（腹背方向）：（2.27±1.37）mm;旋转摆位误差为Rx（矢状面）：（1.02±0.73）°,Ry（横断面）：（0.67±0.68）°,Rz（冠状面）：（0.76±0.84）°。残余平移误差x（r）：（0.27±0.48）mm,y（r）：（0.37±0.45）mm,z（r）：（0.22±0.30）mm;残余旋转误差为Rx（r）：（0.17±0.33）°,Ry（r）：（0.14±0.34）°,Rz（r）：（0.16±0.28）°。结论 对于体部放射治疗的患者,旋转误差和平移误差是同时存在的,不仅需要校准平移误差,旋转误差也不容忽视。ExacTrac X-射线图像引导系统能够有效纠正六自由度的摆位误差,并保证残余误差在较小的范围内,保证了体部肿瘤放疗的治疗精度。     

光学表面监测系统在胸部肿瘤调强放疗的初步应用

目的 探讨光学表面监测系统在胸部肿瘤调强放疗的摆位精度及其应用价值。方法 选取28例胸部肿瘤患者,应用体表标记与激光灯进行治疗前摆位,治疗前行锥形束CT（CBCT）扫描,扫描时通过光学表面监测系统获取表面影像,并与参考影像配准,记录x（左右）、y（头脚）与z（前后）轴的平移误差与旋转误差;扫描后CBCT图像与计划CT图像配准并记录x、y与z轴的平移误差与旋转误差,校正误差后治疗。应用Pearson法分析两组摆位误差的相关性,计算两组摆位误差的系统误差（Σ）与随机误差（σ）;应用Bland-Altman法评估两种影像系统的一致性,并计算95%的可信区间。结果 两组摆位误差有较好的相关性,相关系数在x、y、z轴分别为0.79、0.62、0.53,光学表面监测系统（OSMS）的Σ/σ（mm/mm）在x、y与z轴分别为0.7/1.5、0.9/1.8、0.9/1.5;CBCT的Σ/σ（mm/mm）在x、y与z轴分别为0.8/1.6、1.3/1.9、0.7/1.5;95%的可信区间在x、y与z轴的平移方向分别为（-2.0~2.3）、（-3.4~3.6）与（-3.3~2.4）mm,旋转方向分别为（-2.0~1.6）°、（-2.0~1.4）°与（-1.6~1.6）°。结论 OSMS是一种有效的图像引导工具,能快速准确地验证患者位置,提高摆位精度,可用于胸部肿瘤患者调强放疗的治疗摆位。     

Clip placement facilitating the approach to breast lesions

We describe a novel technique for marking non-palpable breast lesions with the aim of selecting the best approach prior to performing a biopsy. The technique employs a new coil, specifically designed for breast localization, guided by stereotaxy. This technique is reserved for selected cases in which the lesion is seen peripherally in only one mammographic view with negative or non-conclusive ultrasonographic results, and deeply seated after a stereotactic study. Once the coil is released beside the lesion, the shortest approach from the skin may be employed to perform the biopsy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this technique.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of breast vascularity in medial versus lateral breast cancer

Objective

Breasts with malignant tumors can demonstrate a general increased vascularity compared to the contralateral breast and a prominent blood vessel adjacent to the tumor on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aim of the study was to further characterize these alterations in blood supply by location of the tumor within the breast using MRI.

Materials and methods

The study group included 105 patients who underwent breast MRI for suspicion of a malignancy over a 2-year period. Fifty-one had pathologically verified malignant tumors (study group), 11 had pathologically verified benign lesions (control), and 43 had negative scans (control). The malignant lesions were distinguished by location, medial or lateral, within the breast. Origin of the vascular supply and vessel diameter was recorded in a blinded manner. When available, MRI scans performed 2 years after treatment were reviewed as well.

Results

Of the 24 medial malignant tumors, 21 (87%) had a predominantly medial vascular supply and 3 (13%), a predominantly lateral supply; of the 23 lateral tumors, 11 (48%) had a predominantly medial vascular supply and 8 (35%), a predominantly lateral supply (p = 0.03). In 4 cases, no dominant vessel was noted. Maximum vessel diameter was 3.6 ± 1.1 mm in the patients with malignancy and 2.6 ± 0.8 mm in the controls (p < 0.0005). General increased vascularity was demonstrated in 91% of the medial tumor subgroup and 83% of the lateral tumor subgroup, as opposed to 36-37% in the control groups (p < 0.0005). Follow-up MRI, performed in 8 patients in the malignant-tumor group after treatment, revealed a considerable decrease in the prominent vessels, to a size close to that of the controls.

Conclusion

Breasts with malignant tumors are characterized by an altered general vascular supply, a prominent feeding vessel, and increased regional vascularity. Both the presence and location of the tumor affect the vascular supply. The vascular change apparently diminishes after treatment, although this finding requires further investigation in a larger sample.     

Breast Cancer from the Excisional Scar of a Benign Mass

Breast cancer developing from a surgical scar is rare; this type of malignancy has been reported in only 12 cases to date. Herein, we report on a 52-year-old female who developed infiltrating ductal carcinoma in a surgical scar following excision of a benign mass. Two years previously, the patient underwent surgery and radiotherapy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the contralateral breast. The initial appearance of the scar was similar to fat necrosis; it was observed to be progressively shrinking on follow-up sonography. On the two year follow-up ultrasound, the appearance changed, an angular margin and vascularity at the periphery of the scar were noted. A biopsy and subsequent excision of the scar were performed; the diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the scar was confirmed.     

European quadricentric evaluation of a breast MR biopsy and localization device: technical improvements based on phase-I evaluation

Our purpose was to report about technical success, problems and solutions, as experienced in a first multicentre study on MR-guided localisation or vacuum biopsy of breast lesions. The study was carried out at four European sites using a dedicated prototype breast biopsy device. Experiences with 49 scheduled localisation procedures and 188 vacuum biopsies are reported. Apart from 35 dropped indications, one localisation procedure and 9 vacuum biopsies were not possible (3 times space problems due to obesity, 2 times too strong compression, 3 times impaired access from medially, 2 times impaired access due to a metal bar). Problems due to too strong compression were recognised by repeat MR without compression. During the procedure problems leading to an uncertain result occurred in eight vacuum biopsies, two related to the procedure: one limited access, and one strong post-biopsy enhancement. Improvements after phase-I study concerned removal of the metal bar, development of an improved medial access, of a profile imitating the biopsy gun, optimisation of compression plates and improved software support. The partners agreed that the improvements answered all important technical problems.     

Calcified filariasis of the breast: report of four cases

Circumscribed to endemic areas throughout tropical countries, filariasis is a rare and unknown disease in Europe. We report four cases of calcified filariasis involving the breast, supporting the diagnosis on the typical mammographic appearance of the calcified worms and the past history of filarial infection. Few reports have been published in the radiology literature about this infrequent manifestation of the parasitation. The purpose of this article is to show the mammographic characteristics of this disease that soon will be seen frequently in developed countries due to the increasing population from the endemic areas.     

Paraffin tissue block radiography of nonpalpable lesions with calcifications detected at mammography: 5-year consecutive series of surgically excised cases

The objective of our study was to evaluate paraffin tissue block radiography following biopsy for breast calcifications at a center for population-based mammography screening. During a 5-year period, we radiographed tissue blocks from 259 breast specimens excised because of nonpalpable calcifications. A total of 124 cases were examined retrospectively and 135 cases were examined prospectively. In 34 of 94 (36 %) retrospectively examined cases with calcifications, the histopathological diagnosis was ductal cancer in situ with or without invasive cancer, compared with 3 of 30 (10 %) cases without calcifications. In 6 cases a primary benign histopathological diagnosis was changed to malignant due to the use of tissue block radiography. Tissue block radiography is a valuable adjunctive method to assure that areas containing calcifications are examined by histopathology. Received 27 September 1996; Revision received 30 December 1996; Accepted: 2 January 1997     

Retrieval Rate and Accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided 14-G Semi-Automated Core Needle Biopsy of Breast Microcalcifications

Objective

To evaluate the retrieval rate and accuracy of ultrasound (US)-guided 14-G semi-automated core needle biopsy (CNB) for microcalcifications in the breast.

Materials and Methods

US-guided 14-G semi-automated CNB procedures and specimen radiography were performed for 33 cases of suspicious microcalcifications apparent on sonography. The accuracy of 14-G semi-automated CNB and radiology-pathology concordance were analyzed and the microcalcification characteristics between groups with successful and failed retrieval were compared.

Results

Thirty lesions were successfully retrieved and the microcalcification retrieval rate was 90.9% (30/33). Thirty lesions were successfully retrieved. Twenty five were finally diagnosed as malignant (10 invasive ductal carcinoma, 15 ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS]) and five as benign. After surgery and mammographic follow-up, the 25 malignant lesions comprised 12 invasive ductal carcinoma and 13 DCIS. Three lesions in the failed retrieval group (one DCIS and two benign) were finally diagnosed as two DCIS and one benign after surgery. The accuracy of 14-G semi-automated CNB was 90.9% (30/33) because of two DCIS underestimates and one false-negative diagnosis. The discordance rate was significantly higher in the failed retrieval group than in the successful retrieval group (66.7% vs. 6.7%; p < 0.05). Punctate calcifications were significantly more common in the failed retrieval group than in the successful retrieval group (66.7% vs. 3.7%; p < 0.05).

Conclusion

US-guided 14-G semi-automated CNB could be a useful procedure for suspicious microcalcifications in the breast those are apparent on sonography.     

Imaging-histologic discordance at sonographically guided percutaneous biopsy of breast lesions

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of imaging-histologic discordance at percutaneous breast biopsy and to evaluate differences in clinical and radiologic findings between pathologically upgraded lesions and non-upgraded lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 2000 to June 2005, we reviewed 386 cases that had suspicious imaging findings but yielded benign histology at US-core needle biopsy and that underwent subsequent excisional biopsy. In 74 of 386 cases, the benign histology at core needle biopsy could not provide a satisfactory explanation for the radiologically suspicious lesions. The clinical, radiologic and histologic findings were reviewed for those 74 cases that were classified as the upgrade group and the non-upgrade group after excisional biopsy. RESULTS: The upgrade rate was 17.6% (95% confidence interval, 10.6-27.8%, 13 of 74 cases) revealed upgraded pathology at the subsequent excisional biopsy. Besides the size of masses, there were no statistically significant differences in imaging findings between the upgrade and non-upgrade groups at excisional biopsy. CONCLUSION: This upgrade rate of 17.6% suggests that excisional biopsy or re-biopsy is warranted in those cases presenting imaging-histologic discordance at US-guided core biopsy.     

First experience with a new dedicated ultrasound system for computer-guided large-core breast biopsy

We describe a new dedicated ultrasound system for computer-guided large core breast biopsy (LCBB) and report our first clinical experience in 45 female patients. After an initial 30 biopsy procedures on a US breast phantom, LCBB using this new system was performed in 45 non-palpable surgically verified breast lesions. All biopsies were performed by the same radiologist using 14-gauge long-throw biopsy needles. Histological results following LCBB were compared with open surgical biopsy. Procedure time and any complication arising was registered in all procedures. Biopsies using this prototype were successful and yielded sufficient material in all 45 lesions. There were 23 benign and 22 malignant lesions with complete histological agreement between LCBB and open surgical biopsy in 44 of the 45 lesions. In one invasive ductal cancer the pathologist could only state high probability of malignancy but not give a definite diagnosis. Besides one case with early termination due to decreased visibility of the target lesion, no technical complications were noted. Slight vasovagal reactions were seen in 4 patients but did not alter the histological results. The average procedure time was 30+/-2.7 min. This new dedicated US system for computer-guided LCBB is an accurate and safe method for diagnosing breast lesions. Although this new system may have no major impact for US-guided LCBB experienced physicians, it might be a promising alternative for the non-skilled physician to currently available breast biopsy techniques.