胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者的临床治疗分析

目的:对胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者进行临床治疗分析。方法:回顾性总结我院收治的40例胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者资料,分析患者的临床表现、治疗方式、病理学特点及预后因素等。结果:40例患者中,有11例选择了内镜切除、2例补行外科手术、25例直接外科手术、1例患者放弃手术。术后随访:低级别类癌症恢复良好,通过内镜治疗有1例复发;高级别神经内分泌癌预后不良,复发率和转移率都比较高。结论:针对胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤应该以外科治疗为主要手段,可选择内镜治疗,但是手术前必须通过内镜超声或者CT影像做充分的评估。鉴于神经内分泌癌复发率和转移率比较高,而且预后差,应加强多学科联合治疗。     

胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤临床诊治42例分析

目的研究胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤（GEP—NET）临床治疗预后及病理特征,探讨对胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的再认识及临床合理抉择。方法根据2010年WHO病理新分类,回顾性总结42例经内镜检查或病理诊断为胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤,并通过内镜或外科治疗的患者临床资料,进行随访观察,分析其临床表现、临床治疗方式、组织病理学特点、预后因素等。结果42例胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤中,13进行了内镜切除手术,其中4例补行外科手术,直接行外科手术27例,2例起源不明的腹膜后神经内分泌肿瘤放弃手术。按2010年wH0病理分类：神经内分泌肿瘤（NET）30例,其中16例为直肠NET,1例为结肠NET,4例为阑尾NET,6例为胃部NET,2例为十二指肠NET,1例为胰腺NET;神经内分泌癌（NEC）9例,其中大细胞癌4例、小细胞癌5例;混合腺／神经内分泌癌（MANEC）1例;胰岛细胞瘤2例。增殖活性分级,低级别（G1）30例,中级别（G2）2例,高级别（G3）10例。术后随访：低级别类癌预后良好,内镜治疗后复发1例;高级别神经内分泌癌预后差,复发转移率高。结论对胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤（NET1-2级）应以外科治疗为主,可选择性内镜治疗,但术前需内镜超声或CT影像充分评估。神经内分泌癌复发转移率高,预后差,需加强多学科综合治疗。     

胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤临床病理特征及预后分析

目的 分析胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的临床及病理特点。 方法 收集本院病理诊断为胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的病例15例,按照2010年第4版《WHO消化系统肿瘤分类》标准进行病理复核,回顾分析其临床资料,总结其临床及病理特点。 结果 15例胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤中,中位发病年龄为56岁。发病部位多见于食管,其次为胰腺,CgA阳性率为73%,Syn阳性率为87%,分期为IV期及病理分级为3级的患者预后差。 结论 胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤具有很高的异质性,临床分期及分级是主要的预后因素,早期诊断及治疗可改善患者预后。     

胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤病理诊断的规范及进展探讨

目的研究胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤病理诊断的规范及进展。方法选取我院2013年6月至2015年12月收治的50例胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者为研究对象,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,研究诊断结果。结果 50例患者中,40例患者为神经内分泌肿瘤,其中8例为胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤,5例为十二指肠神经内分泌肿瘤,6例为胃部神经内分泌肿瘤,3例为阑尾神经内分泌肿瘤,2例为结肠内分泌肿瘤,16例为直肠神经内分泌肿瘤。结论胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤患者的病理复杂,需要对其进行规范的诊断,以此来降低诊断误诊率。     

胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的临床诊断和治疗的研究进展

神经内分泌肿瘤是一类起源于神经内分泌细胞的肿瘤,临床相对较罕见,可发于全身任何部位。胃肠和胰腺是神经内分泌肿瘤最常见生长部位,其大小、位置和病理分型等各有不同,在免疫表型、组织形态学和生物学行为等方面亦各有特点,同时诊疗方法及其预后更存在明显差异。本文针对胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的基本病理、检查诊断方法及不同病理分型可由于的治疗方法进行综述,为临床治疗提供参考。     

胃肠胰神经内分泌瘤诊治的研究进展

胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤(GEP-NET)是临床上少见的消化道肿瘤,主要起源于胃肠胰神经内分泌细胞系统,发病率较低,但随着近年来对此类肿瘤认识不断深入,其发病率不断上升。据研究得知对于此类肿瘤的诊疗水平在过去几十年里已不断提高,据国内外研究依据实验室检查,如:嗜铬素A(Cg A)、CD24、Ki-67等,影像学检查如:生长抑素受体显像、内镜超声技术、CT、MRI等技术来提高对GEP-NET的诊断。对于治疗胃肠胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤方法有多种,如手术治疗、生物医学治疗、化疗药物治疗、分子靶向治疗等。本文就GEP-NET的诊断和临床治疗进行综述。     

胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤病理诊断的困境与挑战

第5版消化系统肿瘤WHO分类将胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的分类和命名进行了更新,重新定义了G3。高分化神经内分泌瘤G3（NET G3）与低分化神经内分泌癌（NEC）的鉴别诊断是重点也是难点,具有重要的临床意义。本文主要基于最新版WHO和2020版中国胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤病理诊断共识提出二者的鉴别问题,主要从四个方面综合分析,...     

从NCCN指南的更新谈G3级神经内分泌瘤的诊治

胃肠胰是神经内分泌肿瘤最好发的部位。2019年WHO重新发布了胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的分级标准,将细胞分化好、Ki67增殖指数>20%的肿瘤从原来的G3级神经内分泌癌（G3 NEC）分离出来,定义为G3级神经内分泌瘤（G3 NET）。G3 NET做为一个新的分级,在分子学、影像学以及预后方面均与NEC和G1/G2 NET...     

胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤分类及药物治疗进展

胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤(GEP-NETs)是机体内具有神经内分泌表型,可以产生多种激素的一大类细胞。其可以分泌出很多种类激素。GEP-NETs可以分为两类:即功能性和非功能性。功能性主要表现在激素引发的相关症状,非功能性是一种具有特色的肿瘤,并没有十分典型的临床表现。近年来,GEP-NETs发病率逐年升高,是胃肠道疾病中较为常见的肿瘤之一。由于并没有完善的发病机制,在分类、命名等方面存在一定的难度,导致很难统一规范的治疗。随着医学技术的不断发展,药物治疗效果明显,人们对胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的分类及药物治疗进展越来越关注。     

胰腺不同疾病术后胰瘘的危险因素分析

目的:探讨胰腺癌、胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤、慢性胰腺炎手术治疗对术后胰瘘发生的影响。方法:回顾性分析我院2000年5月至2011年5月间行胰腺手术患者的临床病理资料,共197例患者因胰腺癌、胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤、慢性胰腺炎行胰腺手术。收集患者手术方式和有无胰瘘发生,其中胰瘘分A、B、C三级。结果:43例患者为神经内分泌肿瘤,127例患者为胰腺癌,27例患者为慢性胰腺炎。神经内分泌肿瘤患者术后胰瘘发生率明显高于胰腺癌、慢性胰腺炎(P<0.01)。胰腺肿瘤摘除术后胰瘘发生率高于其它手术方式(P=0.001)。结论:在排除了不同级别的胰瘘、术后不同的处理方法后,神经内分泌肿瘤术后发生胰瘘的风险比其他胰腺疾病术后发生胰瘘的风险大,应更加重视胰腺内分泌肿瘤的手术治疗。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.