RP-HPLC测定人体血浆中氯唑沙宗

本文建立了快速简便测定人体血浆中氯唑沙宗的反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)分析法。采用YWG-C_(18)H_(37)柱,甲醇-水(60:40,V/V)为流动相,内标为非那西丁,UV检测波长282nm。血浆样品用乙酸乙酯提取,色谱蜂分离完全,方法线性良好,r=0.9999,提取回收率为94.44±:2.02％(n=20),方法回收率为103.18=2.68(n=20)。天内精密度以CV表示为1.94％～3.38％,天间精密度为2.91％～4.19％。本法用于测定人体血浆中氯唑沙宗的浓度。     

紫外分光光度法测定联苯苄唑洗液的含量

采用紫外分光光度法测定联苯苄唑洗液中联苯苄唑含量,以甲醇为溶剂可不经分离提取直接测定。检测波长254±1 nm,结果为线性范围4-14μg/ml,回归方程A=0.073±0.0699 C(μg/ml),r=0.9999,平均回收率为100.17％,RSD=0.77％(n=6)。结果表明此方法简便、快速、灵敏、准确。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定人血浆中霉酚酸及其葡糖苷酸

目的:建立霉酚酸(MPA)及其葡糖苷酸(MPAG)血药浓度测定方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)-二极管阵列检测器测定血药浓度,检测波长254 nm.血样加乙腈沉淀蛋白.色谱柱:Hypersil ODS2(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相:A相为25％ CH3CN+75％ 0.02 mol/L KH2PO4(pH 3.0),B相为70％ CH3CN +30％ 0.02 mol/L K2HPO4(pH 6.5),梯度洗脱;流速:1.0 ml/min.结果:MPA、MPAG血药浓度线性范围分别为1.0～50 μg/ml(r=0.999 4,n=6)和2.5～100 μg/ml(r=0.999 5,n=7),MPA、MPAG血浆最低检测浓度分别为0.5 μg/ml和1.0 μg/ml,高、中、低3种浓度MPA平均回收率分别为(95.75±2.31)％、(104.10±1.91)％和(98.11±4.24)％,MPAG则分别为(97.37±1.43)％、(101.10±5.41)％和(105.44±7.59)％.结论:本研究为MPA和MPAG的药代动力学研究及血药浓度监测提供了一种测定方法.     

血浆中醋酸甲地孕酮浓度的测定及其药物动力学参数

用反相高效液相色谱(RP—HPLC)法,测定家兔和人血浆中醋酸甲地孕酮(MA)浓度,并由兔血药浓度-时间曲线算得药物动力学参数。 以醋酸炔诺酮为内标、乙酸乙酯提取血浆中MA,于YWG—G_(18)H_(37)柱上进行色谱测定。应用梯度洗脱法选择甲醇-水二元恒溶剂流动相,其组成预期值为MeOH-H_2O(73:27)。本法准确度与精密度良好,血浆中MA的提取回收率平均为85.86±6.16％;方法回收率平均为101.7±7.73％。最低检出浓度为16ng/ml血浆。实验表明,本法简便可行,可提供计划生育临床MA血浓度监测需要。     

未经提取的血浆中精氨酸加压素的放射免疫测定

应用本教研室制备的兔抗AVP血清,我们建立了人及大鼠未经提取的血浆AVP的放射免疫测定法(RIA)。本法灵敏度为1.2pg/管,相当于血浆浓度为4pg/ml。回收率分别为112％(人血浆)和117％(鼠血浆)。加样量与测出量及与标准曲线之间有很好的平行关系。组内和多间变异系数(C.V.％)分别为.24％和23.04％。用本法测得4名正常人血浆AVP含量平均为5.2pg/ml,10只正常大鼠血浆AVP浓度为4.2±0.34pg/ml(X±SE)。’禁水36小时后,大鼠血浆AVP含量为34.3±9.7 pg/ml(X±SE)。本法能测定病理生理状态下AVP含量的变化,为某些疾病的诊断及研究提供一种有效的手段。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定赖氨酸(艹卡)吲唑乙酸含量

本文用RP-HPLC法测定治疗白内障药物赖氨酸苄吲唑乙酸含量。在十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶柱上,以甲醇-醋酸0.1mol/L(67:33)为流动相,在254nm波长检测,赖氨酸苄吲唑乙酸的检测限为0.1ng(信噪比,3:1);在5～10μg范围内注样量与峰面积呈良好线性关系(r=0.9998);平均回收率为99.46±0.59％(n=9)。     

HPLC法测定垂盆草提取物中异鼠李素的含量

目的:用HPLC法测定垂盆草提取物中异鼠李素的含量。方法:采用ODS-C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.4%磷酸(55︰45);流速1.0ml/min;检测波长360nm。结果:异鼠李素浓度在2.82～28.20μg/ml范围内线性良好,r=0.9998(n=8),平均回收率为100.18%,RSD为1.73%(n=9)。结论:本法可用于控制垂盆草中有效成分的含量,简便、准确、灵敏度高。     

奥沙利铂脂质体中奥沙利铂的含量测定

目的:研究奥沙利铂脂质体中奥沙利铂的含量测定方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Elite C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-水(10∶90);流速为1.0ml/min;检测波长为250nm;柱温25℃。结果:本法平均回收率为97.28%,RSD=1.07%(n=9)。结论:本法操作简便、重复性良好,可用于奥沙利铂脂质体的质量控制。     

RP—HPLC氯氮平血药浓度监测与临床应用

目的:本文应用人血浆中氯氮平的反相高效液相色谱测定方法(RP—HPLC)测定氯氮平血药浓度，采用YWG—C18,反相色谱柱，流动相：甲醇：水：80：20(WV)，内含0．5％三乙胺，用冰醋酸调节pH值为7．7—7．8，检测波长UV254nm，流速1ml／min。方法：用内标法。以乙醚提取血浆中的氯氮平，在紫外波长254nm，反相高效液相色谱法测定氯氮平。本测定方法的提取回收率为99．0％-102．0％，RSD为2．375％。人血浆中氯氮平的最低检测浓度为0．1ng／μl，实验浓度的线性范围约10-50ng/μl。结果：采用本法对7例精神病人进行血药浓度监测，发现氯氮平血药浓度，白细胞计数与时间分别呈正相关(r=0．9543)，负相关(r=-0．6935)，血药浓度与白细胞计数呈负相关(r=-0．6672)，个别病人呈正相关，从而表明个体差异较大，临床血药浓度监测势在必行。     

荧光光谱法测定家兔中丹参素血浓度及其药物动力学参数

本文报道血样经醋酸乙脂提取、分离丹参素后,用荧光光谱法加以测定。丹参素醋酸乙脂液激发光谱与荧光发射光谱峰的波长各为λ_(Εχ)285nm,λ_(Εχ)314nm;浓度在1.0～9.0×10~(-6)g/ml,范围与荧光强度呈线性关系;溶液的荧光强度稳定。由本法测得血浆中的丹参素回收率平均为76.47士2.427％(CV=3.174％,n=20);血药浓度-时间(1gc-t)曲线表明,丹参素的药物动力学为单室模型,其消除速率常数和生物半衰期为:Kel=0.04561士0.0141(min~(-1));t(1/2)=16.58士5.768(min)。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.