复合纤维素与烟酸肌醇降脂作用的比较

目的 观察和比较以燕麦麸、沙棘皮为主要原料的复全纤维素和烟酸肌醇酯对大鼠脂质代谢的影响。方法 ＳＤ雌性断乳大鼠经高脂饲料诱导高脂模型后随机分为三级：Ａ复合纤维素,Ｂ高脂饲料＋１．２％烟酸肌醇酯,Ｃ高脂饲料（对照组）。大鼠均单笼饲料,自由进食饮水。结果 与对照组相比,复合纤维素可显降低高脂大鼠血ＴＣ、ＴＧ和ＬＤＬ－ｃ水平（Ｐ〈０．０５）。并可显升高大鼠血ＨＤＬ－ｃ／ＬＤＬ－ｃ（ｐ〈０．０５）,大     

陈苓汤治疗高脂血症60例——附西药烟酸肌醇酯片治疗60例对照

<正>笔者自2001年8月～2006年12月,采用自拟方陈苓汤治疗高脂血症60例,并设西药对照组60例进行观察,现将结果报道如下。1一般资料120例患者均为近期2次(相隔2周以上)空腹血脂检查,血清总胆固醇(TC)≥5.70mmol/L,甘油三酯(TG)≥1.70mmol/L,     

双波长紫外分光光度法测定肝素钠肌醇烟酸酯乳膏中肌醇烟酸酯的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立肝素钠肌醇烟酸酯乳膏中肌醇烟酸酯的含量测定方法。方法: 采用双波长紫外分光光度法测定肌醇烟酸酯的含量。以262 nm为测定波长,246 nm为参比波长,ΔA ＝A₂₆₂－A₂₄₆为定量信息测定肌醇烟酸酯的含量。结果: 建立的肌醇烟酸酯含量测定方法可有效地消除基质对主药含量测定的干扰。肌醇烟酸酯在4~24 μg·ml^-1浓度范围内与吸光度差值ΔA线性关系良好,r=0.999 9;低、中、高浓度的平均回收率为99.11%,RSD为1.70%(n=9)。结论: 该方法操作简便快捷,稳定性好,结果准确,可用于肝素钠肌醇烟酸酯乳膏中肌醇烟酸酯的含量测定,有效控制该制剂的质量。     

辛伐他汀和烟酸肌醇治疗高脂血症的比较

目的 :比较辛伐他汀和烟酸肌醇治疗高脂血症的疗效。方法 :高脂血症 64例随机分辛伐他汀组32例 (男性 2 1例 ,女性 11例 ;年龄 62a±s 7a)给辛伐他汀 10mg ,po ,qn ;烟酸肌醇组 32例 (男性19例 ,女性 13例 ;年龄 63a± 8a)给烟酸肌醇 0 .4g ,po ,tid ;2组均服 12wk。结果 :辛伐他汀组治疗 4wkTC ,TG ,LDL_Ch即开始均显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,治疗 8wkHDL_Ch开始显著上升 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,烟酸肌醇组治疗 8wk后TC ,TG ,LDL_Ch才开始显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,而HDL_Ch水平始终未见显著升高。辛伐他汀组见 1例ALT一过性升高 ,烟酸肌醇组 3例ALT一过性升高。结论 :辛伐他汀降脂疗效优于烟酸肌醇     

肌醇烟酸酯片质量标准提升研究

目的：研究提高肌醇烟酸酯片的质量标准。方法：采用RP-HPLC法,色谱条件为C18色谱柱,流动相：pH 6.0磷酸盐缓冲液-乙腈（70∶30,v/v）为流动相;检测波长262 nm。进样量20 μL。结果：该法专属性良好,线性范围为0.3005~21.04 μg?mL-1,相关系数：r＝0.9998。平均回收率为100.1%。该法同时用于有关物质的检查。检出限为9.02×10-5mg?mL-1,定量限浓度为30.05×10-5mg?mL-1。强制降解实验结果表明,RP-HPLC专属性良好。结论：该法专属性强、灵敏可靠,适用于肌醇盐酸酯片的质量控制。     

烟酸肌醇酯中残留吡啶的考察与探讨

本文介绍了用气相色谱法考核八个药厂共28批烟酸肌醇酯中溶剂吡啶的残留量,并发现不同的生产工艺其产品残留量有显著差异。     

比较脂必妥与烟酸肌醇酯对脑梗死病人血脂及载脂蛋白的影响

目的：观察脂必妥对脑梗死病人血脂及载脂蛋白的影响，方法：脂必妥组３０例（男性１９例，女性１１例，年龄６４±ｓ４ａ）给脂必妥１．０５ｇ，ｐｏ，ｔｉｄ，对照组３０例（男性２０例，女性１０例，年龄６１±５ａ），对烟权肌醇酯０．４，ｐｏ，ｔｉｄ疗程均为１ｍｏ。结果：２组均有显降低ＴＧ，ＴＣ作用，脂必妥组有显的降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－ｃｈ）及载脂蛋白Ｂ１００ＡｐｏＢ１００）的作用（Ｐ〈０．０５）     

肝素钠肌醇烟酸酯乳膏对兔皮肤冻伤的治疗作用及刺激性研究

目的 探讨肝素钠肌醇烟酸酯乳膏对白兔皮肤冻伤的治疗作用,及肝素钠肌醇烟酸酯乳膏多次皮肤给药对兔正常和破损皮肤的刺激反应.方法 健康兔36只,按照体重排序,按随机数字表法随机分成6组,包括:空白对照组,模型对照组,肝素钠肌醇烟酸酯乳膏低、中、高剂量组(0.14 g/kg、0.28 g/kg、0.56 g/kg),肝素钠乳...     

肝素钠肌醇烟酸酯乳膏处方筛选及稳定性研究

目的筛选肝素钠肌醇烟酸酯乳膏处方并考察其稳定性。方法以外观性状和稳定性等为评价指标,筛选不同基质组成的8个处方,确定优化处方;再采用加速试验和长期试验考察其稳定性。结果以白凡士林、单硬脂酸甘油酯、十六醇和司盘80等基质组成的8号处方外观性状及稳定性较好,3批中试乳膏质地均匀细腻,黏稠度适宜,易于涂布,含量均匀,质量稳定。结论筛选所得肝素钠肌醇烟酸酯乳膏处方合理稳定,生产工艺简便,质量稳定,适合工业化生产。     

比较脂必妥与烟酸肌醇酯对脑梗死病人血脂及载脂蛋白的影响

目的：观察脂必妥对脑梗死病人血脂及载脂蛋白的影响。方法：脂必妥组３０例（男性１９例，女性１１例；年龄６４±ｓ４ａ）给脂必妥１．０５ｇ，ｐｏ，ｔｉｄ；对照组３０例（男性２０例，女性１０例；年龄６１±５ａ）给烟酸肌醇酯０．４ｇ，ｐｏ，ｔｉｄ；疗程均为１ｍｏ。结果：２组均有显著降低ＴＧ，ＴＣ作用，脂必妥组有显著的降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－ｃｈ）及载脂蛋白Ｂ１００（ＡｐｏＢ１００）的作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）及升高高密度脂蛋白及载脂蛋白ＡＩ（ＡｐｏＡＩ）作用，而对照组无上述作用；故ＡｐｏＡＩ／ＡｐｏＢ１００比值脂必妥组显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），不良反应见于对照组。结论：脂必妥是较好的降脂药物。     

复合膳食纤维对门静脉高压大鼠肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的研究复合膳食纤维对门静脉高压大鼠肠黏膜功能的影响。方法60只雄性Wister大鼠用CCl-4橄榄油复合法建立门静脉高压大鼠模型。造模成功后将大鼠随机分为单纯模型组（A组）、能全素组（B组）、能全素＋膳食纤维组[可溶性膳食纤维（SDF）：不可溶性膳食纤维（IDF）=1：2,C组]、能全素＋膳食纤维组（SDF：IDF=2：1,D组）。并提取第7天大鼠肠黏膜蛋白检测Occludin蛋白及诱导型一氧化碳合酶（iNOS）的表达。结果C、D组Occludin蛋白表达较A、B组增加（P〈0．05）,iNOS表达降低（P〈0．05）,C、D组间比较均无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。结论复合膳食纤维对保护门静脉高压大鼠肠黏膜功能有一定的保护作用。     

Effects of dietary fats and proteins on rat testicular steroidogenic enzymes and serum testosterone levels.

It is known that certain dietary fats can modulate rat testosterone metabolism. In the current study we have investigated testicular steroidogenic enzyme activities and serum testosterone levels in rats fed diets containing either different protein sources (casein, fishmeal, whey) or different lipid sources (soybean oil, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), seal oil, fish oil, lard). The diets examined reflect different marine oils and proteins which are significant components of Northern Canadian diets. Male rats (42-45 days old, 6 per group), were assigned to specific diets for 42 days. On the 43rd day of the study, rats were sacrificed and blood plasma and testes frozen (-80 degrees C) until analysis. Microsomal steroidogenic enzyme activities (3beta-HSD, 17-OHase, C-17,20-lyase, 17beta-HSD) were measured radiometrically. There were no differences in enzyme activities between the three dietary protein sources. In contrast, compared with the standard casein diet, all lipid sources caused reductions in C-17,20-lyase activity (>50%); seal oil and fish oil reduced 17-OHase activity (approximately 30%) and soybean oil, DHA fish oil and lard reduced 17beta-HSD activity (approximately 30%). No effect on 3beta-HSD activity was evident. Serum testosterone levels were determined using ELISA kits and were not affected by any diet with the exception of the soybean oil diet which was significantly elevated compared with the casein protein diet. Body and testis weights were not affected by diet. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that some dietary lipid sources caused reductions in testicular 17-OHase and C-17,20-lyase activities but not to the extent that serum T levels were affected, while soybean oil caused elevated serum testosterone in the absence of elevated steroidogenic enzyme activities.     

The effects of nicotinic acid and xanthinol nicotinate on human memory in different categories of age

The treatment effect of nicotinic acid and xanthinol nicotinate on human memory was compared with placebo in 96 healthy subjects. Forty-three subjects were young (35–45 years), 30 subjects middle aged (55–65 years) and 23 subjects were old aged (75–85 years). Pre- and post-treatment scores were measured on a battery of memory tasks, covering sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory. The treatment regime was 1 dragee t.i.d. for 8 weeks. The administration of xanthinol nicotinate (500 mg, containing 141.7 mg nicotinic acid), nicotinic acid (141.7 mg) and placebo (lactose) was double-blind. Pre-and post-treatment scores were analysed by means of a multivariate covariance technique, the pre-treatment score serving as covariate. Nicotinic acid treatment resulted in improvement of sensory register and short-term memory, while xanthinol nicotinate improved sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory. In comparison with placebo, both active compounds yielded improvements of 10–40%, depending on type of task. Treatment effects of nicotinic acid were predominantly found in the young and middle-aged, whereas treatment effects of xanthinol nicotinate were predominantly found in the old. These results are interpreted by the supposed activity of nicotinic acid at the cell membrane, improving neuronal transmission, and of xanthinol nicotinate inside the cell, enhancing cell metabolism and oxygen supply in the brain.This study was supported by a grant from Beecham Farma B.V.     

The effect of various dietary fibres on tissue concentration and chemical form of mercury after methylmercury exposure in mice

The whole-body retention of mercury after exposure of BALB/c mice to methylmercury was measured in animals fed fibre-free, 5% pectin, 5% cellulose or 5, 15 or 30% wheat bran diets. The rate of elimination of mercury was dependent on the diet fed, with dietary bran increasing the rate of elimination. The incorporation of 15 or 30% bran in the diet of the mice decreased the total mercury concentration in the brain, blood and small intestine, although the effects were significant only in those animals on 30% bran diet. The fibres had little effect on mercury levels in other tissues. The proportion of mercury found in the mercuric form was significantly greater in liver, kidneys and gut of mice fed bran. The results suggest that dietary bran may reduce the levels of mercury in the brain after methylmercury exposure and may therefore reduce the neurotoxic effects of the organomercurial. We suggest that wheat bran exerts its effects on mercury retention and brain level via a modification of the metabolic activity of the gut microflora.     

附子多糖对大鼠食诱性高胆固醇血症的预防作用及机制研究

目的探讨附子多糖预防大鼠食诱性高胆固醇血症的作用及其机制。方法 SPF级♂Wister大鼠50只,体质量100 g,随机分为正常组(N)、高胆固醇组(HC)和附子多糖(FPS)低、中、高3个剂量组,每组10只,分别给予正常、高胆固醇及高胆固醇加附子多糖(224、448和896 mg.kg-1.d-1)饮食,持续两周,检测各组的血脂水平,探讨FPS对大鼠高胆固醇血症的预防效应。并观察N组,HC组,FPS(224mg.kg-1.d-1)组大鼠的体重、进食量和粪便量的变化,实验结束后取3组大鼠的肝脏行HE染色;并分别测定3组大鼠肝脏低密度脂蛋白受体(LDL-R)的mRNA水平、蛋白表达及受体活性的改变。结果附子多糖能抑制高胆固醇血症大鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的水平(P<0.05);FPS组大鼠肝细胞脂肪变性较HC组轻微;RT-PCR和Western blot结果显示附子多糖能上调高胆固醇大鼠肝脏LDL-R的mRNA水平和蛋白表达(P<0.05);放射配基结合分析法结果表明FPS组大鼠肝脏LDL-R的密度和亲和力均较HC组明显升高(P<0.01)。结论附子多糖具有明显的降血胆固醇作用,其机制与上调大鼠肝脏LDL-R的基因水平、蛋白表达以及受体的活性有关。     

An investigation of the effects of methylmercury in rats fed different dietary fats and proteins: testicular steroidogenic enzymes and serum testosterone levels.

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a testicular toxicant causing reduced steroidogenic enzyme activity, reduced serum testosterone (T) and abnormal spermatogenesis in mammals and fowl. It is also known that certain diets can alter androgen metabolism in rats. Previously we have shown that diets used in the current study impact circulating androgen levels and testicular steroidogenic enzyme activities in Sprague Dawley rats in the absence of MeHg. In the present study, we have investigated the impact of imposing an environmental contaminant (MeHg) commonly found in marine mammals and fish onto the rats' dietary intake of different proteins and lipids in order to determine if the different diets could modify MeHg toxicity in rats. Therefore, we examined the effects of MeHg on testicular steroidogenic enzymes and serum testosterone in rats fed diets containing either different protein sources (casein, fishmeal, whey) or different lipid sources (soybean oil, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), seal oil, fish oil, lard). Male rats 42-45 days of age (18 per group) were assigned to different experimental diets for 28 days after which 6 rats in each group were gavaged daily with 0, 1 or 3 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day MeHg chloride in 5 mM Na(2)CO(3) solution for 14 days while being maintained on their diets. On the 43rd day of dosing, rats were sacrificed and blood plasma and testes frozen (-80 degrees C) until analysis. Microsomal steroidogenic enzyme activities (3beta-HSD, 17-OHase, C-17, 20-lyase, 17beta-HSD) were measured radiometrically. Serum testosterone was determined using ELISA kits. Testis weights were not affected by MeHg. MeHg at 3 mg/kg BW/day caused a reduction (>50%) in the activity of C-17, 20-lyase in all three protein diets and similar reductions in 17-OHase activity were seen in the casein and whey protein fed rats. At 3 mg/kg BW/day, MeHg reduced 17-OHase activity in the DHA diet but had no effect on 3beta-HSD activity and no inhibitory effects on 17beta-HSD activity. MeHg (3 mg/kg BW/day) caused significant reductions in serum T in the whey, soybean oil and fish oil groups. Interestingly, fishmeal protein but not fish oil offered some protection with respect to maintaining steroidogenic enzyme activities and serum T levels in rats dosed with MeHg. In conclusion, these studies show that different lipid diets can alter the toxic effects of MeHg on male rat steroidogenesis in terms of serum testosterone and steroidogenic enzyme activities.     

Development of the dietary fiber functional food and studies on its toxicological and physiologic properties

Dietary fiber (DF) obtained from wheat bran by microbial fermentation was used as a food additive to cookies. The cookies were evaluated sensorally through an orthogonal test to gain the optimized production conditions as follows: the suitable DF content 8%, leavening agent 1.5%, standing time 5 min, and baking time of the cookies is 8 min.     

Interactions between intracellular cyclic AMP and agonist-induced inositol phospholipid breakdown in isolated gastric mucosal cells of the rat

Summary The interactions between putative second effector mechanisms for hydrogen ion secretion were studied in isolated gastric cell preparations of the rat containing 60 - 70% parietal cells. Dibutyryl-CAMP and the compounds which increased the level of cAMP (histamine plus rolipram and forskolin plus rolipram) inhibited the carbachol-induced accumulation of [³H]inositol tris-, bis- and monophosphate. There was both a temporal and quantitative correlation between the increase in cAMP and the inhibition of the accumulation of [³H]inositol phosphates. Cimetidine attenuated the inhibitory effect of histamine on the formation of [³H]inositol phosphates. The enhancement of the accumulation of [³H]inositol phosphates by various concentrations of carbachol affected neither the basal nor the histamine-stimulated cAMP levels. In contrast to dibutyryl-cAMP, dibutyryl-cGMP did not modify the carbachol-induced formation of [³H]inositol phosphates. The biologically active phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which activates protein kinase C, inhibited both the basal and carbachol-induced accumulation of [³H]inositol phosphates. We suggest that the inhibition of the formation of inositol trisphosphate by the increase in the intracellular level of cAMP and by the activation of protein kinase C might be intracellular negative feedback systems which prevent the overreaction of the acid-secreting parietal cells under the simultaneous influence of the physiological gastric secretagogues.Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, FRG Send offprint requests to U. Schwabe     

阿托伐他汀与辛伐他汀治疗高脂血症的效果对比

目的 对比阿托伐他汀与辛伐他汀治疗高脂血症的效果.方法 96例高脂血症患者,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组48例.对照组使用辛伐他汀治疗,观察组使用阿托伐他汀治疗.比较两组患者的临床治疗效果,治疗前后的血脂指标[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]水平,...