男性肝硬化患者钙调激素与性激素变化及其临床意义

探讨男性肝硬化患者钙调激素与性激素变化及其临床意义.男性肝硬化患者48例(按Child-Pugh分级分为A、B、C三组), 男性健康对照组43名, 均进行骨密度(BMD)测定, 用免疫放射法(IRMA)及放射免疫法(RIA)测定甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、降钙素(CT)、骨钙素(BGP)、雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T), 生化检测肝功能、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨性碱性磷酸酶(BLP)及血钙(Ca2 )、磷(P3 ).肝硬化患者与对照组比较血清PTH升高、CT降低、BGP大部分患者降低、E2上升、T降级、E2/T比值升高;血清ALP及BLP均上升,血Ca2 及血P3 均下降, 骨质疏松发病率增高,而且随着肝功能损害加重, 上述变化越显著.男性肝硬化患者钙调激素及性激素紊乱, 导致肝性骨病, 成人以骨质疏松为主, 并随病情发展而趋严重.     

陶氏健骨汤治疗原发性骨质疏松症的临床效果

目的:观察评价陶氏健骨汤治疗骨质疏松症的临床效果.方法:将120例骨质疏松症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组服用陶氏健骨汤,对照组服用钙尔奇D片,观察各组在治疗前、治疗3个疗程(4周为1个疗程)后的临床体征、骨代谢生化指标、性激素、骨形成生化指标、骨吸收生化指标的变化.结果:治疗后两组患者中医症状均减轻,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后组间比较,治疗组腰背疼痛、腰膝酸软、抽筋、步履艰难等症状程度轻于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗结束后,两组甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)、血钙(S-Ca)均较治疗前降低,降钙素(calcitonin,cT)较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(p＜0.05);治疗组患者治疗后性激素(E2、T)含量升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照组患者治疗前后性激素(E2,T)变化差异无统计学意义(p＞0.05).两组患者治疗后碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、骨钙素(boneglaprotein,BGP)均较治疗前上升(P＜0.05);且治疗后组间比较,治疗组ALP,BGP均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组患者治疗后U-HYP/Cr,U-Ca/Cr,TRAP均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(p＜0.05);治疗后,治疗组U-HYP/Cr,U-Ca/Cr,TRAP均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:陶氏健骨汤具有提高雌激素水平,抑制骨吸收,促进骨形成等功能,是治疗骨质疏松的有效方药.     

低钙透析液对低转运性骨病患者PTH和BGP的影响及与骨质疏松及血管钙化的关系

目的探讨低钙透析液对低转运性骨病患者甲状旁腺素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)和骨钙素(osteocalcin,BGP)的影响,并分析其与骨质疏松及血管钙化的关系。方法选取2017年1月至2018年12月在本院使用普钙(1.5 mmol/L)进行维持性血液透析(MHD)6个月以上的180例肾性骨病患者作为研究对象,根据是否为低转运性骨病将其分为低转运性骨病组和非低转运性骨病组,分别为60例和120例,对比两组患者血清PTH、BGP水平、骨密度和冠状动脉血管钙化情况。后对低转运性骨病组中合并冠状动脉血管钙化者改用1.25 mmol/L透析液,观察患者发生低血压、心律失常、肌肉痉挛等不良反应情况以评估其安全性;对比更换前、更换后第1、3、6个月患者血清PTH、BGP水平、骨密度和冠状动脉血管钙化情况。结果与非低转运性骨病比较,低转运性骨病血清PTH、BGP及BMD降低,但CACS则明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。绘制ROC图分析得知,PTH在低转运性骨病和非低转运性骨病鉴别诊断中有一定价值;与之比较,PTH联合检测鉴别诊断效能提高,以PTH、BGP、BMD及CACS四者联合效能最高。更换低钙透析液总不良反应率分别为20.00%和25.00%,两者比较差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.430,P=0.512)。与更换前比较,更换后低转运性骨病血清PTH、BGP及BMD升高,但CACS则明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与无心血管事件者比较,心血管事件发生者PTH、BGP和BMD明显降低,但CACS则相对升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论低钙透析液可明显升高低转运性骨病患者血清PTH和BGP水平,改善骨质疏松和血管钙化,从而降低心血管事件发生率。     

绝经后妇女骨质疏松患者血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3与骨密度及骨代谢指标的关系

目的： 探讨胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3（IGFBP-3）与绝经后妇女骨密度及骨代谢指标之间的关系。方法： 通过检测90例绝经后妇女骨质疏松患者及70例绝经后骨量正常的健康对照组血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、骨钙素（BGP）、I型胶原异构C端肽（β-CTX）、雌激素（E₂）、降钙素（CT）、甲状旁腺激素（PTH）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）等指标，然后同用双能X线骨密度仪检测的两组研究对象的腰椎（L2-L4）侧位、左股骨颈骨密度进行比较。结果： 绝经后骨质疏松组妇女腰椎、股骨颈骨密度显著低于对照组（均P<0.01）；血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、E₂、CT、BGP水平均低于对照组（均P<0.01）；血清β-CTX、PTH均高于对照组（均P<0.01），血清Ca、P两组之间无差异（均P>0.05）。骨质疏松组和对照组腰椎侧位、左股骨颈BMD均与IGF-1、IGFBP-3、E₂、BGP、CT水平呈正相关，与β-CTX、PTH水平呈负相关，而与血钙、血磷无明显关系。结论： IGF-1、IGFBP-3、E₂、BGP、CT、β-CTX、PTH血清水平与腰椎、左股骨质具有明显的相关性，通过检测上述指标可考虑作为筛查绝经后妇女是否容易患有骨质疏松症的一项有价值的生化参考指标。     

自拟补肾活血颗粒对去卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠的治疗作用

目的:观察自拟补肾活血颗粒(MBHG)对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的治疗作用。方法:雌性SD大鼠,随机取10只作为假手术组(sham组),其余大鼠制备去卵巢骨质疏松症,随机分为:模型(model)组;补肾活血颗粒高(200 mg/kg)、中(100 mg/kg)、低(50 mg/kg)剂量组;阳性对照组(戊酸雌二醇组)。每组10只,连续灌胃给药12周。观察大鼠骨小梁形态,测量骨小梁的面积、厚度、间距及面积百分数,全自动分析仪检测血清中钙、磷和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量,测量大鼠骨密度(BMD),ELISA法检测血清雌激素(E2)、骨钙素(BGP)、骨保护素(OPG)、核因子κB受体活化因子(RANK)和核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)水平。结果:与模型组比较,各给药组骨小梁显著变宽,数目增多,网状结构有部分恢复。各给药组骨小梁厚度、骨小梁面积和骨小梁面积百分数均大于模型组,骨小梁间距均小于模型组(P0.05)。各给药组血清中钙、磷、E2、OPG以及股骨BMD水平均显著高于模型组,ALP、BGP、RANK和RANKL水平均显著低于模型组(P0.01)。结论:自拟补肾活血颗粒对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症有显著的治疗作用。作用机制可能与上调OPG、抑制RANKL分泌有关。     

甲状腺功能亢进症与骨代谢相关性分析

目的:观察甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)对患者骨密度及骨代谢相关指标的影响。方法:采用双能X线骨密度仪测定200例甲亢患者及50名正常对照人群的腰椎、桡骨远端及髋部骨密度(BMD),并测定血清钙(Ca)、磷(P)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、降钙素(CT)及骨钙素(osteocalcin,BGP)等指标。比较两组间骨密度、血清骨代谢指标的差异并分析甲亢与骨代谢之间的相关性。结果:病例组骨密度Z值及血CT均明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05),ALP、BGP、PTH明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),Ca、P差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相关分析显示,甲亢患者骨密度值与游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)明显相关,与游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺素(TSH)有相关趋势,与病程无关。结论:甲亢患者骨代谢紊乱,呈现骨吸收大于骨形成的趋势,容易导致骨量丢失,且骨量丢失的程度与病情严重程度有关,与病程无明显相关。     

不同钙含量饲养条件下氟中毒对大鼠骨转换的影响

目的研究不同钙含量饲养条件下过量氟对骨转换的影响。方法用富钙平衡饲料与低钙偏食饲料分别饲养大鼠，经饮水给氟１００ｍｇ／Ｌ，进行为期２个月和１年的实验观察。结果偏食低钙条件下饮高氟水２个月，引起骨软化和骨质疏松，成骨与破骨活动高度活跃，血清碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）、骨钙素、甲状旁腺激素升高。富钙平衡饲料饲养条件下饮高氟水２个月显示轻度成骨活跃；饮高氟水１年形态计量显示骨小梁平均宽度增加，ＡＬＰ活性升高。结论过量氟对骨骼的基本毒性作用是造成骨转换增高；低钙与高氟在引起骨转换增高方面具有一致性，这是膳食低钙能使氟骨症加重的发病学基础。     

糖尿病患者甲状旁腺激素、降钙素和骨钙素相关性研究

采用放射免疫分析方法测定40例正常人和30例糖尿病患者血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、降钙素(CT)和骨钙素(BGP)作相关性研究。结果糖尿病组血清PTH和CT水平均较正常组升高(P<0.01),BGP较正常人降低(P<0.01);相关分析显示正常组和糖尿病组的PTH与CT之间均有明显的相关性,而PTH与BGP间均未见相关变化,CT与BGP在正常组呈负相关变化,而糖尿病组未见相关性变化,3种激素的改变作为研究糖尿病的钙磷代谢紊乱和骨质疏松的机理有独特的临床意义。     

Bone mass and biochemical parameters in metabolic bone diseases

We studied the relationship between the bone mass and biochemical parameters in 175 normal premenopausal, 72 normal postmenopausal and osteoporotic postmenopausal women, between 20 and 88 years old, and in 40 patients with hyperthyroidism, and 23 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, between 13 and 64 years old. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine (L2-L4) and proximal femur (femoral neck) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry using a QDR-1000, Hologic. The bone mineral content (BMC) of the radius was measured by single photon absorptiometry (SPA) using a model 2780, Norland. Serum PTH, BGP and calcitonin (CT) were determined by radioimmunoassay. The BMD of the spine (L2-L4), and the proximal femur in postmenopausal women were negatively correlated with age. The mean BMD in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis was significantly lower than that in normal postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, age was positively correlated with BGP, PTH, CT and negatively correlated with P. In patients with osteoporosis, the BMD of the spine was negatively correlated with serum BGP. The BMC of radius in patients with hyperthyroidism decreased significantly compared with that in the controls, and was negatively correlated with F-T3. The BMC of the radius in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism was significantly lower than that in the controls, and was negatively correlated with serum BGP and serum calcium. The measurements of biochemical parameters such as serum BGP, ALP and PTH may be useful in the assessment of metabolic bone diseases.     

复方丹参滴丸对去卵巢大鼠骨代谢及骨生物力学的影响

目的:研究复方丹参滴丸(DSP)对去卵巢大鼠骨代谢与骨生物力学的影响.方法:切除大鼠双侧卵巢,建屯大鼠原发性骨质疏松模型.予复方丹参滴丸等药物干预90天后,测大鼠血清的钙、磷、锌、镁、铁、雌二醇、骨钙素浓度,测定股骨中钙、磷、锌、镁、铁含量及股骨生物力学指标.结果:与模型组比较,复方丹参滴丸组和尼尔雌醇组大鼠血清钙、磷、骨钙素含量明显减少(P<0.05);股骨中的钙、磷、镁含量明显增加(P<0.05);股骨的最大载荷、最大挠度、最大应力、弹性模量均明显增强(P<0.05),以高剂量复方丹参滴丸组的作用最为明显.结论:复方丹参滴丸可纠正去卵巢大鼠的骨代谢紊乱,维持正常的骨生物力学性能,提示复方丹参滴丸对绝经后骨质疏松症有防治作用.     

Possible effect of calcitonin deficiency on bone mass after subtotal thyroidectomy

Bone mass is purportedly reduced by an excess of endogenous or exogenous thyroid hormone or perhaps by calcitonin deficiency. Patients who have undergone thyroidectomy could be subject to all of these effects. In the present study we tried to demonstrate, whether lack of calcitonin following thyroidectomy has a significant influence on bone density. We measured thyroid hormone levels, TSH and calcitonin and assessed the bone mass in the hip and lumbar spine of 55 patients (32 f, 23 m), who had undergone a subtotal thyroidectomy between 1938 and 1996 on the reason of a non-toxic goitre. TSH levels were suppressed in 16 patients. Serum concentration of total calcium, intact PTH, osteocalcin were normal in all subjects. The mean fasting calcitonin level was in the patient group 2.09 +/- 0.7 pg/ml and in the control group, age matched healthy volunteers, 2.8 +/- 1.2 pg/ml. However, the serum level of calcitonin was not significantly lower than in the control group. 43 patients had an osteopenia or osteoporosis. The interpretation of the results in this study is hampered by the fact, that in women results may be influenced by involutional osteoporosis. Therefore we focus on the potential for osteoporosis among the 23 men. The results of our study indicates, that there is a significant reduction in bone mass in male after thyroidectomy, no matter whether T4 therapy is given or not, and whether TSH is suppressed or in a normal range.     

糖尿病微血管病患者骨密度及骨钙素测定的意义

目的：探讨糖尿病微血管病变对骨密度及骨钙素水平的影响。方法：选择2型糖尿病患者60例，按其是否合并糖尿病微血管病(眼病、肾病、神经病变)分为两组，合并微血管病(1组)33例，不合并微血管病(2组)27例。用生化法测定两组的空腹血糖(FBG）、果糖胺(GSP)、血清总碱性磷酸酶(TALP)及血钙(Ca^2 )，RIA测定骨钙素(BGP)，DEXA法测定腰椎和髋部骨密度(BMC)；按其身高、体重计算体重指数(BMI)。结果：两组BBMI、GSP、TALP及Ca^2 均未见明显差异；1组血清BGP水平明显低于2组，有显著性差异；1组第2—4腰椎（L2-4)、股骨颈、Ward’s三角区及股骨大转子的BMD均低于2组，差异有显著性。结论：骨密度及骨钙素与糖尿病微血管病变关系密切。认为糖尿病微血管病可能降低骨形成，加重骨质疏松。     

绝经后骨质疏松症患者血清NO-iNOS系统及相关激素水平变化的探讨

观察绝经后骨质疏松症(PMO)患者NO、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)及E2、GH、PTH、25(OH)D3等相关激素,探讨NO-iNOS系统及相关激素在骨质疏松发病机制中的作用和意义.80例绝经1年以上女性,根据扫描骨密度(BMD),Tscore值,分为骨质疏松组(OP组)34例,非骨质疏松组(NOP组)46例,及绝...     

Effects of parathyroid hormone on electrolyte transport in the hamster nephron.

Recollection micropuncture and clearance studies were carried out on thyroparathyroidectomized hamsters to clarify the localization of the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on renal electrolyte transport. The clearance data confirmed that PTH inhibits phosphate and enhances calcium and magnesium reabsorption. These effects appeared to result from actions of the hormone in several parts of the nephron. In the proximal tubule PTH did not affect H2O reabsorption but inhibited phosphate reabsorption ((TF/P)PO4 increased from 0.46 +/- 0.04 to 0.57 +/- 0.03, P less than 0.02) and appeared to enhance calcium and magnesium reabsorption ((TF/UF)Ca decreased from 1.41 +/- 0.07 to 1.25 +/- 0.06, P less than 0.001, and (TF/UF)Mg from 1.66 +/- 0.10 to 1.51 +/- 0.08, P less than 0.05; in control animals (TF/UF)Ca increased from 1.51 +/- 0.10 to 1.65 +/- 0.11, P less than 0.01). PTH further inhibited phosphate reabsorption and enhanced calcium and magnesium reabsorption between the late proximal and early distal sites of puncture. Comparison of fractional deliveries of calcium and magnesium from the late distal tubule with their fractional excretions suggests an additional effect beyond the distal puncture site. The phosphaturic, but not the calcium- and magnesium-retaining, effects of PTH were abolished by a 16-h fast.     

Effects of nandrolone decanoate therapy on bone mass and calcium metabolism in women with established post-menopausal osteoporosis: a double-blind placebo-controlled study

In many patients with involutional osteoporosis anabolic steroids may produce a rapid subjective improvement and a pronounced reduction in the frequency of complaints. Animal experiments have demonstrated that anabolic steroids can also have an objective effect on bone tissue. Twenty (20) post-menopausal osteoporotic patients were randomly assigned to 2 different treatment regimens; 10 patients were treated with 50 mg i.m. of nandrolone decanoate (ND) every 3 wk for 12 mth and 10 patients were treated with a placebo. Both groups also received an oral calcium supplement (1 g/day). Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by dual photon absorptiometry before and after 1, 3, 6 and 12 mth of treatment. Plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and urinary hydroxyproline excretion were measured at the same time. Intestinal calcium absorption was measured by the 47Ca oral test before and after treatment. A transiliac bone biopsy was performed before and after treatment in 4 patients in each group. After 1 yr there was a significant increase in lumbar spine BMC in the group receiving calcium plus ND. A progressive increase in plasma ALP was also observed in the group treated with ND but this was not significant, whereas radiocalcium absorption did increase significantly in this group. Histomorphometric study of bone samples demonstrated a significant increase in trabecular bone volume (TBV) and in active osteoid surface area in the patients treated with ND. Because plasma ALP tends to increase when a small decrease in bone resorption occurs (as measured by urinary hydroxyproline excretion) and the active osteoid surfaces also significant augment, we concluded that ND therapy increases the bone formation rate through inhibition of bone resorption. This interpretation could explain the considerable increase in lumbar spine BMC and the significant increase in TBV observed in patients treated with ND.     

Calcium-regulating system in bronchial asthma

Calcium homeostasis was determined from ionized calcium (Ca2+), total calcium (Cat) and bound calcium (Cab) levels, content of calcium-regulating hormones: calcitonin (CT) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Lipid peroxidation (LPO) intensity was assessed from the blood plasma hydroperoxide level in 71 patients with bronchial asthma and chronic asthmatic bronchitis. The findings evidence that high blood serum levels of Ca2+ and Cab and a tendency to reduction of PTH content are characteristic of nonsevere and medium-severity atopic asthma. In bacterial asthma Ca2+ level increases at the expense of Cab, that is parallelled by elevation of CT content, as the disease progresses in severity. Blood CT level gradually decreases until it disappears completely in Stage III bacterial asthma, whereas PTH level grows. CT/PTH ratio may be an indicator of disturbed equilibrium in the CT-PTH hormonal system. In the course of treatment Ca2+ binding, most manifest in bacterial asthma, increases, CT level grows and PTH one reduces. A tendency to normalization of hormonal levels resultant from therapy does not eventuate in their complete recovery; hormonal levels remain shifted, this pointing to the essential contribution of endocrine mechanisms to calcium homeostasis disorders in asthma.     

甲状腺功能异常患者骨代谢变化的探讨

为探讨甲状腺功能改变对骨代谢的影响 ,对 91例甲亢 ,37例甲减及 5 1名健康对照者用免疫放射 (IR MA)法测骨钙素 (BGP)及甲状旁腺素 (PTH) ,用镅 - 2 41单光子跟骨密度仪测骨密度 (BMD)。结果发现 ,BGP含量 :甲亢组明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,甲减组明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;PTH含量 :甲亢组低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,甲减组明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;骨密度测定 :甲亢与甲减组骨质疏松发病率均明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1)。甲亢与甲减组骨质疏松发病年龄前移 ,甲减组 5 5岁以上都有骨质疏松。BGP和PTH改变明显早于骨密度变化 ,可作为甲状腺功能异常时骨代谢变化的灵敏指标 ,特别用于疗效观察     

Contribution of the putative genetic factors and ANKH gene polymorphisms to variation of circulating calciotropic molecules, PTH and BGP

It is well known that regulation of calcium homeostasis in bone remodeling is one of the most crucial factors for maintaining healthy bones. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is probably the most important hormone that participates in the bone remodeling process. Another important biochemical factor governing bone metabolism is osteocalcin (BGP). Although the physiological functions of both of these factors are well known, there is still very little known regarding their specific genetic determination and in particular, the specific genes that may regulate the circulating concentrations of these substances. In the present study, we examined whether nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human homologue of the mouse progressive ankylosis gene (ANKH)-one of the key genetic factors involved in bone mineralization-can be associated with PTH and BGP levels in apparently healthy human populations. The study sample comprised 244 nuclear families (840 individuals). After adjustment of BGP and PTH for the significant covariates (sex, age and BMI), the contribution of the putative genetic effects was statistically significant (P < 0.001) for both biochemical factors: 45.27 +/- 10.8% for PTH and 30.19 +/- 12.6% for BGP. Application of transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs) revealed a significant association (P < 0.05) between PTH and two SNPs: rs39968 and rs875525. However, the association became particularly significant for four TDTs (P-values ranging from 0.0025 to 0.0008) when the association with the haplotypes generated from the above SNP was tested. This association remained significant even after correction for multiple testing with a false discovery rate of 0.05.     

IL-6以及骨代谢生化指标对骨吸收和骨形成的影响

目的 :探讨IL - 6与骨代谢生化指标在老年男性骨质疏松症发病机制中的重要作用。方法 :采用放射免疫分析和生化速率法检测 90例老年男性骨量减少和骨质疏松患者血清白细胞介素 6 (IL - 6 )、骨钙素(BGP)、睾酮 (T)、血清碱性磷酸酶 (SALP)、血清钙 (Ca)的水平 ,同时与青中年和老年健康人比较。结果 :发现老年男性患者骨吸收指标IL - 6水平随病情加重而增高 ,与不同年龄对照组比较有显著性差异 (p <0 .0 1)。骨形成指标BGP、BALP、T表达则不同程度降低 ,均与青中年对照组有明显差异 (p <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :IL - 6及其它骨代谢生化指标代谢异常 ,是导致老年男性骨质疏松症患者骨吸收增加而骨形成减少的重要因素     

Biochemical markers of bone turnover in rheumatoid arthritis. Relation to anti-inflammatory treatment, sex, and menopause

Bone turnover was determined in 125 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Bone Gla protein (BGP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were used as markers of bone formation. Fasting urinary calcium relative to creatinine (FU Ca/Cr) and fasting urinary hydroxyproline relative to creatinine (FU Hpr/Cr) were used as markers of bone resorption. These variables were compared to the values of two groups of normal controls in order to elucidate the pathophysiology of the osteopenia occurring in patients with RA. When the patients were divided into groups according to treatment (gold salts, penicillamine, or glucocorticoids), serum AP was highly significantly increased in all three groups, whereas serum BGP was below the normal mean. FU Ca/Cr and FU Hpr/Cr were moderately decreased in the groups treated with gold salts or penicillamine, but increased in the glucocorticoid-treated group. When divided according to sex and menopausal state and glucocorticoid treatment versus non-glucocorticoid treatment, there was a balance between bone formation and bone resorption parameters in all groups, except glucocorticoid-treated men and premenopausal women who had increased values of bone resorption parameters.