右位主动脉弓胎儿超声心动图诊断分析

目的总结右位主动脉弓胎儿超声心动图表现及其血管特征.方法对26例超声心动图诊断为右位主动脉弓胎儿的超声心动图表现进行总结分析并观察其临床结局.结果26例右位主动脉弓胎儿中12例为孤立右位主动脉弓,2例为双主动脉弓,2例合并永存左上腔静脉,7例合并法洛四联症,3例合并永存动脉干.26例右位主动脉弓胎儿超声心动图均在上纵隔三血管气管观作出诊断.其中21例为右位主动脉弓合并迷走左锁骨下动脉、左位动脉导管,形成围绕气管食管的“U”字形血管环;2例双主动脉弓形成围绕气管食管的“O”字形血管环;3例无上述典型超声心动图图像特征.26例中12例活产儿经产后超声心动图或X线检查证实为右位主动脉弓;2例双主动脉弓经外院胎儿磁共振检查证实为右位主动脉弓;10例合并复杂先天性心脏病的胎儿均引产(6例尸体解剖检查证实为右位主动脉弓,4例未行尸体解剖检查);2例失访.结论胎儿右位主动脉弓有特征性超声表现,上纵隔三血管气管观可作为诊断胎儿右位主动脉弓的主要切面观;右位主动脉弓可孤立存在或同时合并其他心脏畸形.     

胎儿右位主动脉弓的产前超声诊断

目的评价产前超声诊断胎儿右位主动脉弓的临床价值。方法回顾分析我院自2007年1月至2008年6月期间,产前超声诊断的7例胎儿右侧主动脉弓病例。结果产前超声诊断7例右主动脉弓病例。4例伴有左锁骨下动脉迷走,其中有一例产后诊断合并房间隔缺损,一例合并房间隔缺损及室间隔缺损。结论右主动脉弓可以在胎儿心超的三血管气管观上做出诊断。右主动脉弓可以单独发生,也可以合并其他心脏或心外畸形发生。     

Prenatal double aortic arch presenting with a right aortic arch and an anomalous artery arising from the ascending aorta

Double aortic arch is a rare anomaly of the aortic arch and this may cause tracheal damage by compressing the trachea during the first year of life. We report here on three fetal cases of double aortic arch and their outcomes. These malformations presented as an isolated right aortic arch or as a typical vascular ring form on the prenatal echocardiography that was obtained between 22 and 24 weeks gestation. In two of the three patients, the major intracardiac anomaly was a ventricular septal defect, and this was associated with the aortic malformation. A more detailed evaluation of the branching pattern of the aorta, and particularly whether the aorta gives off a left-sided limb of the double arch, could suggest the diagnosis of a double aortic arch in utero. Two patients underwent successful surgical correction and they showed good clinical outcomes. Fetal double aortic arch can be prenatally suspected after performing fetal echocardiography for those fetuses that show a right side aortic arch, and this can help to avoid delaying the postnatal management of this rare anomaly.     

Prenatal Sonographic Features of a Double Aortic Arch

A double aortic arch is a relatively uncommon anomaly occasionally associated with congenital heart disease or the chromosome 22q11 deletion. We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of a double aortic arch in which the sonographic features in the 3‐vessel and trachea view are highlighted. A PubMed‐based search was made to retrieve all cases of prenatal diagnosis of double aortic arch. A total of 13 articles and 35 cases were found. The average gestational age at diagnosis was 29 weeks. Six cases had associated cardiac anomalies. Only 1 case had the 22q11 deletion, showing extracardiac anomalies without cardiac defect. The postnatal evolution was characterized by symptoms of tracheoesophageal compression in 72.4% of the cases. Detection of a double aortic arch should be followed by a thorough fetal scan and echocardiography, and a chromosomal study should be considered when the sonographic findings are consistent with the 22q11 deletion.     

Right aortic arch detected in fetal life.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prenatal distribution, associated conditions and outcome of the different types of right aortic arch (RAA) detected in fetal life. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of all cases of RAA detected prenatally between 1998 and 2005 in two tertiary referral centers. RESULTS: In the study period 71 cases of RAA were detected; 26 (37%) had RAA with aberrant left subclavian artery, 23 (32%) had RAA with mirror-image branching, 20 (28%) had RAA of unknown type and two (3%) had double aortic arch. While 20/26 cases with RAA and aberrant left subclavian artery were isolated findings, all 23 cases with RAA and mirror-image branching were associated with cardiac defects, namely tetralogy of Fallot (43%) or pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (22%). Of the 20 cases with RAA, 19 of unknown type were associated with heterotaxy syndromes and had additional cardiac malformations and ambiguities of the situs. The two cases with DAA were isolated findings. Seven cases in our series (10%) had a microdeletion 22q11 and these were significantly associated with extracardiac malformations. The outcome in our series depended solely on the associated cardiac and extracardiac malformations, with the exception of one infant with isolated DAA, in whom a surgical correction was warranted. CONCLUSIONS: RAA detected in fetal life is associated frequently with other cardiac/non-cardiac malformations, heterotaxy syndromes and microdeletions 22q11. The associated conditions vary depending on the branching type of the brachiocephalic vessels and the presence of extracardiac malformations.     

Absent or hypoplastic thymus on ultrasound: a marker for deletion 22q11.2 in fetal cardiac defects.

OBJECTIVE: Congenital heart defects (CHD), particularly conotruncal anomalies, may be associated with deletion of chromosome 22q11.2. Thymic aplasia or hypoplasia is known to be a typical feature in this condition. We aimed to establish (i) the prevalence of del22q11.2 in fetal CHD and (ii) whether ultrasound assessment of an absent or hypoplastic fetal thymus helps in preselection of a group who are at high risk for this deletion. STUDY DESIGN: In fetuses (> 16 weeks) with CHD, karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization for 22q11.2 were offered and the fetal thymus was evaluated sonographically. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-nine fetuses with CHD and normal karyotype were analyzed. Seventy-six fetuses had conotruncal anomalies. 22q11.2 deletion was present in 10 cases (6.7%), all of which had conotruncal anomalies (13.1%). Thymic hypoplasia or absence was suspected in 11 cases with conotruncal anomaly. Nine of these 11 had the deletion; two cases were false positive. One fetus with a normal-sized thymus had deletion of 22q11.2 (sensitivity 90%, specificity 98.5%, positive predictive value 81.8%, and negative predictive value 99.2%). By subtype of cardiac anomaly, there was deletion in four of six fetuses with interruption of the aortic arch, two of four with absent pulmonary valve syndrome, three of nine with truncus arteriosus and one of 11 cases of tetralogy of Fallot. Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (n = 7), right-sided aortic arch (n = 4), transposition of the great arteries (n = 14), double outlet right ventricle (n = 13) and other complex malpositions of the great vessels (n = 8) were not associated with the deletion. CONCLUSION: Thymic hypoplasia or aplasia may reliably be diagnosed during fetal echocardiography. The technique allows identification of a group at high risk for 22q11.2 deletion and is more specific and sensitive than by subtype of cardiac anomaly alone.     

Prenatal diagnosis of interruption of the aortic arch and its association with deletion of chromosome 22q11.

OBJECTIVES: Differentiation of interruption of the aortic arch (IAA) type A from type B by prenatal echocardiography is possible but difficult. We report nine consecutive cases of the prenatal detection of IAA and evaluate the feasibility of making a correct prenatal diagnosis with fetal echocardiography. The incidence of 22q11 microdeletion in our series, detected using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, was determined. METHODS: Echocardiography and FISH for the DiGeorge critical region (22q11) were performed in all cases. The findings were confirmed by autopsy (three cases) or at postnatal surgery (six cases). RESULTS: On fetal echocardiography we identified six type B cases and three type A. FISH detected microdeletions in 22q11 in five of nine fetuses (four type B cases and an unusual association with type A in one case). CONCLUSIONS: Our report confirms the feasibility of making a correct prenatal diagnosis of IAA and its different types, based on echocardiographic examination. Furthermore our data are consistent with previous reports indicating that type A and type B are distinct entities. In more than 50% of fetuses with IAA type B, 22q11 microdeletion and DiGeorge or velo-cardio-facial syndromes may be expected. IAA type A is not commonly associated with 22q11 hemizygosity.     

胎儿右位主动脉弓产前超声诊断、妊娠结局及漏误诊分析

目的探讨并总结胎儿右位主动脉弓（RAA）超声图像特征、鉴别诊断方法,分析其漏误诊原因,提高胎儿RAA产前超声诊断准确率。 方法选取2014年1月至2017年12月黑龙江省哈尔滨市红十字中心医院31例经产后小儿超声心动图检查、手术或引产后尸体解剖病理证实的胎儿RAA病例,总结胎儿RAA及其合并圆锥动脉干畸形产前超声图像特征、鉴别诊断方法,分析其漏误诊原因并随访其妊娠结局。应用胎儿心脏标准超声切面的灰阶和彩色多普勒血流成像,进行胎儿心脏系统超声检查。当三血管气管切面（3VT）发现主动脉弓位于气管右侧时,再获取气管及其分支冠状切面进一步明确主动脉弓、动脉导管弓与气管的位置关系。 结果产前超声诊断41例胎儿RAA,活产20例,引产15例,失访6例;产后证实31例,产前超声正确诊断25例（25/31,80.65%）,漏误诊6例（6/31,19.35%）。2例左位主动脉弓产前超声均未获取胎儿气管及其分支冠状切面,在3VT切面将支气管横断面误认为气管横断面而误诊为RAA,2例RAA伴左锁骨下动脉迷走（ALSA）左位动脉导管（LDA）,将左颈总动脉误认为发育不良的左弓而误诊为双主动脉弓（DAA）,2例RAA合并心脏圆锥动脉干畸形产前超声漏诊RAA。31例胎儿RAA在3VT切面显示主动脉弓位于气管右侧,不同类型的胎儿RAA在3VT切面形成血管环或无血管环。胎儿RAA合并圆锥动脉干畸形在3VT切面和气管及其分支冠状切面有不同超声表现。20例活产胎儿中13例孤立性RAA、2例合并永存左上腔、1例合并2~3腰椎椎体融合、2例合并室间隔缺损手术治疗、最大年龄随访至3岁半,无呼吸道消化道压迫症状,小儿状态良好。1例IDD型矫正型大动脉转位并RAA,未经手术治疗,目前小儿11个月,状态良好。1例合并食道闭锁产后14 d新生儿死亡。6例行胎儿染色体核型检查,5例染色体核型正常,1例合并心内外严重多发畸形胎儿染色体核型检查为18-三体。 结论3VT切面是诊断胎儿RAA的主要切面,联合应用气管及其分支冠状切面可提高产前超声诊断准确率。单纯性RAA多数预后好、RAA合并严重心内外畸形预后与其合并畸形严重程度有关。     

主动脉弓缩窄的产前超声诊断

目的探讨胎儿主动脉弓缩窄(CoA)的产前超声诊断线索、诊断方法与技巧及畸形特征。方法所有胎儿均常规获得四腔心切面、左右心室流出道切面、三血管气管(3VT)切面(即主动脉弓横切面)的灰阶和彩色多普勒血流显像。当四腔心切面发现左心系统偏小、3VT切面显示主动脉弓和动脉导管内径比例失调疑CoA时,进一步获得主动脉弓纵切面和冠状切面(Y平面)并测量峡部内径。结果产前超声共诊断56例CoA患儿,28例有解剖或新生儿超声心动图和手术结果,产前超声误诊和漏诊4例。其中8例合并单心室、心内膜垫缺损、右心室双出口、大动脉转位、永存动脉干等其他严重复杂心脏畸形,7例合并心脏外严重畸形。22例合并室间隔缺损(VSD)和永存左上腔静脉(LSVC)等非复杂心脏畸形。产前超声诊断的28例CoA患儿均首先于3VT切面发现两大动脉内径比例失调,主动脉弓异常小,四腔心切面显示左、右心室比例不对称,左心明显小于右心。此28例CoA患儿中有23例(82.1%)同时获得了3VT切面、主动脉弓纵切面及Y平面,14例于主动脉弓纵切面显示有来自降主动脉的反流。而误诊和漏诊的4例CoA患儿均未能获得满意的主动脉弓纵切面和Y平面。结论 3VT切面显示主动脉弓和动脉导管内径比例失调和四腔心切面不对称、左心偏小是CoA的诊断线索,进一步获取主动脉弓的特殊切面以获得至少2个平面的印证是提高CoA产前诊断率的主要技巧。CoA可以单独发生,也可合并其他心内外畸形。     

胎儿双主动脉弓的产前超声心动图诊断

目的探讨双主动脉弓胎儿产前超声心动图特征及产前诊断临床意义。方法对南京医科大学附属苏州医院2012年1月至2013年2月产前超声心动图检出的5例双主动脉弓胎儿的超声心动图特征、分型及临床结局进行总结分析。结果5例双主动脉弓胎儿超声心动图表现：（1）三血管气管观中主动脉与动脉导管失去正常“V”字形结构,升主动脉发出左、右主动脉弓围绕气管,彩色多普勒血流成像示环状血流信号围绕气管。（2）超声心动图示5例胎儿中3例为右主动脉弓优势型,2例为左、右主动脉弓平衡型。（3）1例（例2）胎儿合并膜部室间隔缺损、永存左上腔静脉：1例（例4）胎儿合并半椎体畸形,3例胎儿未发现合并其他畸形。5例胎儿均行磁共振检查并随访至引产或产后3个月,随访检查均证实胎儿为双主动脉弓畸形。结论双主动脉弓是胎儿严重的先天性心脏病,超声心动图是产前首选的诊断方法,三血管气管观是诊断双主动脉弓的有效切面。     

胎儿先天性矫正型大动脉转位的产前超声心动图诊断

目的探讨并总结胎儿先天性矫正型大动脉转位（cc-TGA）产前超声心动图图像特征。 方法回顾分析2011年1月至2017年12月黑龙江省哈尔滨市红十字中心医院行产前超声心动图诊断,并经引产后病理解剖或产后小儿超声心动图确诊的5例cc-TGA胎儿超声心动图影像,总结其超声心动图特征、诊断及鉴别诊断方法。 结果5例cc-TGA胎儿中,4例引产后病理解剖证实为cc-TGA SLL型;1例活产后经小儿超声心动图证实为cc-TGA IDD型,小儿产后90 d状态良好。5例cc-TGA胎儿中2例行胎儿染色体检查,染色体核型正常。5例cc-TGA胎儿产前超声心动图四腔心切面与上腹部横切面联合应用、左右心室流出道切面、主动脉弓与动脉导管弓切面、三血管切面、三血管气管切面具有特征性表现。产前超声心动图显示5例cc-TGA胎儿合并多种心内外畸形：4例SLL型胎儿中3例合并室间隔缺损,2例合并肺动脉闭锁,1例合并肺动脉狭窄,2例合并永存左上腔,2例合并房室瓣返流,1例合并心内膜垫缺损;1例SLL型胎儿合并心外多发畸形,包括双侧脑积水、脊柱裂、双侧足内翻;1例IDD型胎儿合并心内多发畸形,包括室间隔缺损、肺动脉轻度狭窄、右位主动脉弓,合并心外畸形有腹腔脏器镜像反位。 结论掌握cc-TGA各切面超声心动图特征可以有效发现、诊断本病。胎儿cc-TGA预后差异很大,取决于相关缺陷的严重程度。     

不同类型左无名静脉异常产前超声心动图特征及其临床意义

目的 观察胎儿不同类型左无名静脉异常的超声心动图特征及其临床意义.方法 回顾性分析67胎左无名静脉异常胎儿的临床资料、超声心动图特征及预后.结果 ①67胎中,47胎左无名静脉走行异常,12胎主动脉弓上方左无名静脉缺如,8胎左无名静脉内径异常或异常血流.②47胎左无名静脉走行异常中,左无名静脉主动脉弓下走行40胎、食管后...     

不同切面超声心动图诊断胎儿心脏畸形的临床研究

目的探讨不同切面超声心动图诊断胎儿心脏畸形的价值。方法对1341例孕妇行胎儿超声心动图检查,采用二维、彩色及频谱多普勒从常规取胎儿四腔心、五腔心、左心室流出道及右心室流出道长轴、大动脉短轴、主动脉弓及动脉导管弓长轴等切面观察胎儿心脏解剖结构及血流状况。并与引产后的尸检结果进行对照。结果本组共检出胎儿先天性心脏畸形30例,经引产后胎儿尸体解剖和产后新生儿随访证实与产前完全相符合28例,占93．33％（28／30）,有2例复杂性畸形与产前诊断基本相符合,占6．67％（2／30）。在出生后的新生儿中发现2例室间隔缺损,1例房间隔缺损漏诊,漏诊率为9．09％（3／33）。畸形类型包括室间隔缺损3例,房间隔膨胀瘤3例,心内膜垫缺损1例,单心室4例,大动脉转位2例,右室双出口2例,永存动脉干2例,左心室发育不良3例,右心室发育不良2例,三尖瓣闭锁2例,三尖瓣下移畸形2例,肺动脉闭锁1例,严重心律失常3例。产前超声诊断符合率为90．91％（30／33）。结论不同切面超声心动图可用于产前胎儿心脏畸形的诊断。     

产前超声检查对胎儿心脏大动脉畸形的诊断价值

目的 探讨胎儿心脏大动脉畸形产前超声诊断的操作技巧,提高产前超声诊断符合率.方法 回顾分析我院诊断并经产后证实的20例心脏大动脉畸形胎儿的超声图像,总结不同类型大动脉畸形的声像图特征.结果 20例心脏大动脉畸形胎儿均经产后新生儿超声心动图检查或引产后尸体解剖证实,大动脉畸形在三血管气管(3VT)切面上均呈阳性特征,分别表现为大动脉内径异常10例,包括肺动脉狭窄7例,主动脉狭窄1例,主动脉弓离断1例及主动脉弓缩窄1例;永存动脉干4例;大动脉交叉关系消失5例,包括右室双出口3例,大动脉转位2例;右位主动脉弓1例.17例胎儿合并心内其他结构异常.结论 3VT切面是诊断胎儿心脏大动脉异常敏感且有效的切面,其他切面可作为诊断和鉴别诊断的辅助切面.     

产前超声检查胎儿右位主动脉弓的诊断价值及分析

目的 探讨产前超声诊断胎儿右位主动脉弓的诊断价值,以提高产前诊断率。方法 回顾性总结在我院产前超声诊断的33例右位主动脉弓胎儿的超声资料及随访结果,并对产 后超声心动图检查或引产后尸检结果进行比较,对其超声特征进行总结分析。结果 33例产 前诊断的胎儿右位主动脉弓病例,19例为单纯性右位主动脉弓,10例伴有其他心内畸形,4 例伴有心外畸形,所有病例均在三血管气管切面上有异常图像,且随访结果均证实存在右位 主动脉弓。结论 产前超声检查对诊断右位主动脉弓具有明确诊断价值,三血管气管切面是 超声诊断胎儿右位主动脉弓的重要切面,具有特征性表现,扫查时需注意血管走行,避免漏 诊误诊。     

法洛四联症常见心内合并畸形及遗传学异常分析

目的分析法洛四联症（TOF）胎儿及小儿患者的遗传学改变及常见合并心内畸形,为TOF预后及管理咨询提供参考。 方法回顾性分析2013年6月至2017年4月于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院产前超声心动图诊断TOF并经出生后复查或终止妊娠后病理解剖证实的胎儿70例（胎儿组）及2016年2月至2017年9月于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院行TOF手术的患儿73例（小儿组）。超声心动图检查观察TOF合并的心内畸形。应用低深度全基因组测序（WGS）方法检测143例TOF的染色体非整倍体及拷贝数变异（CNVs）。总结并分析2组合并其他心内畸形情况以及染色体异常类型。 结果胎儿组与小儿组合并其他心内畸形者所占比例分别为70.0%（49/70）、67.1%（49/73）。合并心内畸形最常见为右位主动脉弓（28/143,19.6%）,其中胎儿组16例（16/70,22.8%）,小儿组12例（12/73,16.4%）。143例TOF共检出染色体异常29例。其中,胎儿组21例,包括非整倍体5例（18-三体2例、21-三体2例及13-三体1例）,致病性CNVs 16例（22q11.2微缺失12例、Smith-Magenis综合征2例、22q11.2微重复1例、1p36微缺失1例）。小儿组8例,均为致病性CNVs（22q11.2微缺失5例、22q11.2 微重复2例及Xp22.2微重复1例）。胎儿组与小儿组的染色体异常检出率差异存在统计学意义（30.0% vs 11.0%,χ²=8.014,P=0.005）。 结论TOF易合并其他心内畸形及遗传学异常。合并心内畸形以右位主动脉弓异常较多见,产前及产后超声应仔细探查,避免漏诊;合并染色体异常以非整倍体和致病性CNVs为主,一旦确诊建议完善遗传学检测。     

超声心动图诊断胎儿右位主动脉弓及预后评估

目的探讨超声心动图诊断胎儿右位主动脉弓(RAA)及其在预后评估中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析经超声心动图诊断为胎儿RAA的25名单胎孕妇资料.7胎引产终止妊娠,对其中4胎进行胎儿尸体检查.对18胎继续妊娠者,于产后1个月内对患儿行超声心动图、MR或 CT检查,并临床随访半年,观察患儿有无反复发作的气管或食管受压症状.结果 19胎为RAA伴左位动脉导管、迷走左锁骨下动脉,4胎为RAA伴头臂动脉镜像分支(3胎伴右位动脉导管、1胎伴左位动脉导管),2胎为双主动脉弓.18胎为单纯性RAA,余7胎合并其他心内外畸形,且包括2胎染色体异常.4胎经尸体检查证实为RAA.18胎出生后经超声心动图、MR或CT检查证实为RAA患儿,且出生后半年内15例患儿无明显气管或食管受压症状,3例出现反复发作的慢性咳嗽、气喘,吞咽困难,经抗感染治疗后症状缓解.结论 超声心动图是诊断胎儿RAA的可靠方法;胎儿RAA的预后主要与是否并发其他心内外畸形或染色体异常有关.     

超声心动图诊断胎儿双主动脉弓的价值

目的探讨超声心动图诊断胎儿双主动脉弓的临床价值。方法 8例双主动脉弓胎儿,超声对各切面超声特点进行分析。结果超声心动图诊断胎儿双主动脉弓6例,5例为右弓稍大于左弓,1例为左右弓内径基本相同。1例胎儿同时合并其他心内畸形,核型分析为21-三体。左、右侧主动脉弓上分别发出两支头臂动脉。超声心动图漏诊2例,为左弓内径明显小于右弓。结论胎儿双主动脉弓在三血管-气管切面显示,由左弓和右弓包绕气管形成的完全血管环,左弓和右弓上均仅见两支头臂动脉发出。超声心动图对胎儿双主动脉弓早期检出具有重要的临床价值。     

连续横向扫查结合连续冠状扫查对胎儿双主动脉弓的诊断价值

目的探讨连续横向扫查（CTS）结合连续冠状扫查（CCS）方法在胎儿右位主动脉弓合并镜像分支（MB-RAA）与胎儿双主动脉弓（DAA）鉴别诊断中的价值。 方法采用队列研究方法，对2017年1月至2020年2月北京大学人民医院经产前超声CTS方法诊断的42例MB-RAA及DAA胎儿，利用CTS结合CCS方法复核上述诊断。随访至胎儿引产或出生后。采用McNemar检验比较CTS与CTS结合CCS方法对胎儿DAA的诊断准确率差异。 结果采用CTS方法诊断MB-RAA胎儿39例（孤立性22例，合并心内畸形者15例，合并心外畸形者6例，其中合并心内、外畸形病例存在重叠），DAA胎儿3例（均未发现心内心外其他结构异常）；采用CTS结合CCS方法复核，最终诊断MB-RAA胎儿32例，DAA胎儿10例（包括7例CTS方法诊断为孤立性MB-RAA者）。引产13例，足月分娩29例（包括10例产前诊断为DAA，17例产前诊断为孤立性MB-RAA，1例MB-RAA合并法洛四联症，1例MB-RAA合并轻度脑室增宽）。随访至胎儿出生后：1例MB-RAA合并法洛四联症胎儿出生后手术治疗，术中证实诊断；1例MB-RAA合并轻度脑室增宽及16例孤立性MB-RAA均无压迫症状；另1例孤立性MB-RAA出生后6个月出现喘鸣，行CT检查诊断为DAA，并行手术治疗；10例产前诊断为DAA的新生儿，2例出生后出现压迫症状行手术治疗，8例复查超声或CT均证实DAA，无压迫症状暂时观察。CTS结合CCS方法产前诊断DAA的诊断准确率高于CTS方法（10/42 vs 3/42），且差异具有统计学意义（P=0.016）。 结论CTS结合CCS方法能提高产前超声诊断DAA的准确率，有助于DAA与MB-RAA的鉴别诊断。     

基层医院产前胎儿心脏超声筛查漏诊情况分析

目的探讨深圳地区基层医院产前胎儿心脏超声筛查常见漏诊疾病及原因。方法对我院在基层医院初诊中漏诊胎儿心脏畸形的会诊病例103例以四腔心、左右心室流出道和三血管气管切面为基本筛查切面进行产前胎儿心脏超声筛查,分析深圳地区基层医院胎儿心脏畸形的常见漏诊情况。结果本组四腔心切面遗漏左位上腔静脉33例,完全性肺静脉异位回流11例;左右心室流出道切面漏诊12例法洛四联征,6例永存动脉干,5例右室双出口,5例肺动脉瓣闭锁;三血管气管切面漏诊迷走锁骨下动脉20例,主动脉弓离断7例,主动脉弓缩窄4例。结论各个筛查标准切面细节观察不足是深圳地区基层医院漏诊胎儿心脏畸形的主要原因。