恶性肿瘤患者围化疗期免疫状态变化的临床意义

目的 研究恶性肿瘤患者围化疗期的免疫状态变化。方法 应用流式细胞术和ELISA分别测定恶性肿瘤患者化疗前后T细胞亚群，化疗前NK、B细胞，化疗＋放疗后T细胞亚群和血浆可溶性白细胞介素－2受体（sIL-2R)、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF－α）含量。结果 恶性肿瘤患者化疗前CD3、CD4、CD4／CD8、B细胞水平明显低于正常，血浆sIL-2R、TNF－α、CD8较正常显著增高，NK与正常组相比无明显变化。化疗3周后治疗有效者CD3、CD4、CD4／CD8较化疗前有明显升高（P＜0．01），血浆sIL-2R、TNF－α、CD8较化疗前降低（P＜0．01），化疗后CD4、CD8、CD4／CD8接近正常对照组；化疗无效者CD3、CD4、CD4／CD8与化疗前相比无明显变化。化疗＋放疗者CD3、CD4、CD4／CD8较治疗前下降明显。恶性肿瘤患者T细胞亚群、sIL-2R与分期有关。结论 恶性肿瘤患者机体细胞免疫、体液免疫均受到抑制，化疗后有效患者全身免疫状况改善，化疗无效患者无明显变化，化疗＋放疗患者机体免疫进一步受到抑制。     

几种疾病的T细胞亚群检测结果分析

报道用武汉系列抗人外周血T淋巴细胞单克隆抗体检测四种疾病147例患和36例正常人的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。结果：肺结核组CD3^ （Cluster of Differentiation,CD)细胞和CD4^ /CD8^ 细胞比值降低，而CD8^ 细胞升高，与正常人比较差异有非常显意义（P＜0．01）；脑血管病患的CD4^ 和CD8^ 细胞均高于正常人（P＜0．01）；恶性肿瘤组CD3^ 细胞和CD4^ /CD8^ 细胞比值明显低于正常人（P＜0．01）CD8^ 细胞较正常人有所升高（P＜0．05）；自身免疫病组CD3^ 细胞低于正常人水平（P＜0．05）。结果提示这些疾病均出现了T细胞免疫功能异常现象。     

T淋巴细胞亚群异常与特发性血小板减少性紫癜的关系

目的 通过检测T淋巴细胞亚群及其凋亡，初步探讨T淋巴细胞亚群异常在特发性减少性紫癜（ITP）发病机制中的作用。方法 采用流式细胞术对ITP患者及正常对照组的外周血淋巴细胞亚群进行检测；DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测T淋巴细胞的凋亡。结栗ITP患者CD3^＋、CD4^＋和CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞比例均显著低于正常对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），而CD8^＋T细胞和CD4^＋T细胞表面Fas表达均较正常组增加（P〈0．01）；T淋巴细胞凋亡敏感性增加。结论 ITP患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群异常，T细胞免疫调控亚群（CD4^＋CD25^＋）凋亡增多，对自身反应性T细胞亚群免疫下调作用降低，破坏自身免疫耐受，在ITP的发病中起重要作用。     

重度脓毒血症患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化的分析

目的：探讨重度脓毒血症患者T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及其临床意义。方法：将63例重度脓毒血症患者及55例健康体检者进行T细胞亚群检测。T淋巴细胞亚群（CD3^＋,CD4^＋,CD8^＋,CD4^＋／CD8^＋细胞）活性采用直接免疫荧光法的流式细胞分析术法测定。结果：重度脓毒血症患者组外周血中,CD3^＋,CD4^＋细胞比例及CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值降低,与对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）,而CD8^＋细胞的比例增高,与对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。同时重度脓毒血症患者死亡组外周血CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值、CD3^＋明显低于好转组（P〈0．01）,CD8^＋明显高于好转组（P〈0．01）。结论：重度脓毒血症患者存在细胞免疫功能异常,CD3^＋,CD4^＋,T淋巴细胞比例及CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值降低,重度脓毒血症患者细胞免疫功能异常影响患者的预后。     

流式细胞术检测特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者血小板相关免疫球蛋白及T淋巴细胞亚群

目的：应用流式细胞术检测特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）患者外周血中的血小板相关免疫球蛋白（PAIg）水平和T淋巴细胞亚群分布情况。方法：应用三色免疫荧光多参数流式细胞术检测ITP患者（n=30）和对照者（n=30）外周血PAIg水平和T淋巴细胞免疫表型（CD3^＋、CD3^＋CD4^＋及CD3^＋CD8^＋）。结果：ITP患者外周血PAIgG、PAIgM及PAIgA的平均荧光强度均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）；与对照组比较，ITP患者外周血CI）3^＋、CD3^＋CD4^＋亚群明显减低（P〈0．05），CD3^CD8^＋亚群明显升高（P〈0．05），而CD3^＋CD4^＋／CD3^＋CD8^＋比值显著减低（P〈0．01）。结论：ITP患者PAIg水平显著增高，且存在T淋巴细胞亚群分布漂移。此方法简便易行，有助于ITP的诊断．     

静脉滴注丙种球蛋白治疗小儿病毒性心肌炎的免疫机制及预后

目的探讨静脉滴注丙种球蛋白（IVIG）治疗小儿急性病毒性心肌炎免疫机制及预后。方法将病例组随机分为常规组给予1,6二磷酸果糖等常规治疗,IVIG组在常规治疗基础上加用IVIG。T细胞亚群、可溶性白细胞介素2受体（sIL-2R）、白细胞介素（IL）-2,肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α和7干扰素（IFN-7）的检测分别采用APAAP方法和双抗体夹心酶联免疫法;并同期进行心肌酶谱、心电图、心脏彩超和胸片检查,随访2年。同期选择20例健康儿童为对照。结果常规组和IVIG组的临床疗效差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但IVIG组慢性心肌炎发生率明显低于常规组（P〈0．05）。病例组治疗前T细胞亚群及IL-2均下降（P〈0．01）,其CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值、sIL-2R,TNF-α和IFN-7均升高（P〈0．05）。经IVIG治疗后,其T细胞亚群及IL-2均明显升高,CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值、sIL-2R,TNF-α和IFN-7明显下降（P〈0．05）。常规治疗前后,上述指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论急性病毒性心肌炎患儿细胞免疫功能降低且紊乱,IVIG可调节其细胞免疫功能,有助于减少慢性心肌炎的发生率。     

卡介菌多糖核酸对尖锐湿疣患者外周血T细胞亚群及其细胞因子表达的影响

目的 研究卡介菌多糖核酸（BCG-PSN）对尖锐湿疣（CA）患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及胞内细胞因子表达的影响，探讨BCG-PSN对尖锐湿疣可能的免疫调节机制。方法 采用三色和双色荧光抗体染色技术经流式细胞仪检测18例CA患者在BCG-PSN治疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及CD4^＋T细胞、CD8^＋T细胞内IL-2、IL-4、IL-12、IFN-γ染色阳性细胞百分率。结果 在BCG-PSN治疗前，CA患者CD3^＋T细胞、CD4^＋T细胞、CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值明显低于对照组（均P〈O．01），CD4^＋T细胞和CD8^＋T细胞内IL-2、IL-12、IFN-γ阳性细胞百分率较对照组明显下降（均P〈0．01），IL-4阳性细胞百分率与对照组比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）；而治疗后CA患者CD3^＋T细胞、CD4^＋T细胞、CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值明显高于治疗前（均P〈O．01）；CD4^＋T细胞和CD8^＋T细胞内IL-2、IL-12、IFN-γ阳性细胞百分率较治疗前升高（均P〈0．01）。结论 BCG-PSN可通过调节尖锐湿疣患者T细胞亚群，纠正患者Th1／Th2模式及Tc1／Tc2模式失衡现象，起到治疗尖锐湿疣的作用。     

恶性肿瘤患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞的检测及其临床意义

目的探讨恶性肿瘤患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T（Tr）细胞比例变化的特点及其临床意义。方法采用流式细胞术检测110例恶性肿瘤患者和35例健康者（对照组）外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋Tr细胞比例。结果恶性肿瘤患者CD4^＋CD25^＋Tr细胞比例明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。随疾病进展恶性肿瘤患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋Tr细胞比例升高[Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期为（14．11±3．83）％,Ⅲ期为（20．54±4．25）％,Ⅳ期为（24．69±3．64）％],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论恶性肿瘤患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋Tr细胞水平的升高,与恶性肿瘤免疫功能低下及肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。去除这群细胞可有效诱导肿瘤免疫,为肿瘤治疗提供一种新的思路。     

B细胞型非何杰金氏淋巴瘤患者外周血T细胞亚群和NK细胞检测与疗效的关系

目的：研究B细胞型非何杰金氏淋巴瘤（B－NHL）患外周血T细胞亚群分布和NK细胞与疗效的关系。方法：利用流式细胞术对20位正常人和24例B－NHL患治疗前后的外周血T细胞亚群和NK细胞进行分析。结果：（1）B－NHL患外周血CD4^ T细胞亚群、NK细胞和CD4：CD8比值显低于正常人（P＜0．05）。（2）经CHOP方案治疗后有效组外周血中CD4^ T细胞数量明显升高（P＜0．01），CD4：CD8比值增大（P＜0．01）；无效组外周血T细胞亚群分布治疗前后无显区别（P＞0．05）；（3）有效组患外周血NK细胞治疗前后存在显差异（P＜0．01），无效组外周血NK细胞治疗前后不存在显差异（P＞0．05）。结论：测定B－NHL患的外周血T细胞亚群和NK细胞可作为观察疗效的有效指标之一。     

肺癌患者红细胞免疫功能与外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的改变及其临床意义

目的：观察肺癌患红细胞免疫功能及T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。方法：检测55例肺癌患进行红细胞免疫功能及T淋巴细胞亚群检测,并与15例肺良性肿瘤患和20例正常人对照。结果：（1）肺癌组红细胞C3b受体花环率（RBC－C3b recepfor rosette,RR),CD3＋,CD4＋,CD8＋,CD4＋／CD8＋比值低于正常人（P＜0．05）,红细胞免疫复合物花环率（RBC－1CR）依次高于肺良性肿瘤组,正常人（P＜0．05）,（2）Ⅲa,Ⅲb期肺癌,RBC－1CR高于正常人（P＜0．01）,I,II期病人CD3＋,CD4＋,CD8＋低于正常人（P＜0．01）,RBC－1CR高于正常人（P＜0．01）,结论：肺癌患RBC免疫和T细胞亚群的测定,对肺癌的诊断,治疗及病情预后估计有一定价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.