布氏田鼠肥满度的研究

用体重与体长立方的比值作为肥满度,布氏田鼠雌、雄性肥满度间无显著性差异;越冬鼠的肥满度显著高于当年生鼠。季节变化趋势:越冬鼠肥满度存季较高,夏季降低;当年生鼠春季较高,夏季降低,秋季又增火,这种趋势反映了布氏田鼠的能量分配对策。种群数量上升与下降年份,布氏田鼠肥满度亦存在显著性差异。这种表示啮齿类身体状况的肥满度,可作为预测种群数量变动的一项指标。     

布氏田鼠种群趋势预报指标的研究

布氏田鼠种群季节消长为单峰型,年际动态没有周期性。通过分析该鼠繁殖特征、生活史特征及种群结构,提出了5个对预测种群数量动态趋势有价值的指标,即:4月下半月越冬田鼠的怀孕率;4月下半月越冬鼠平均胴体重:越冬鼠春季(4～5月)平均胎仔数:5月下半月当年生鼠占种群的比例;当年生鼠开始繁殖的时间。同时对该鼠种群数量波动机制进行讨论。     

布氏田鼠日食量研究

目的室内条件下测定不同年龄和性别布氏田鼠的日食量。方法参照《动物生态学原理》用布氏田鼠喜食植物喂养24h后，计算供食量与残渣的差值。结果（1）布氏田鼠平均日食量（干重）为（9．9361±0．2383）g。成体组平均日食量略高于亚成体组和老体组，且不同年龄组田鼠日食量差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。其中亚成体组平均日食指数较高。（2）3个年龄组中不同性别平均日食指数差异均无统计学意义，即性别对布氏田鼠取食无显著影响。（3）亚成体布氏田鼠体重与日食量呈正相关性，y=0．2882w＋2．099（R^2=0．8191）；老体鼠体重与日食量呈负相关，y=0．1565w＋19．034（R^2=0．5652），成体鼠体重与日食量无显著相关。结论不同年龄组体重与日食量之间存在不同的相关关系，如果根据体重来估算布氏田鼠的危害，必须先掌握该季节布氏田鼠的年龄结构和相应的种群密度，且还应考虑季节性特点和繁殖期生理特点。     

青海田鼠活动规律的调查

目的：探讨青海田鼠的活动规律。方法：采用定点观察法调查青海田鼠地面活动情况和夹捕法调查青海田鼠的捕获率。结果：1．青海田鼠全天均有活动,以白天为主,夜间活动较少且以幼体为主;2．不同年龄及性别的青海田鼠各时段的活动频率基本一致;3．青海田鼠在10;30－12：30和18：30两个时段活动频率最高。结论：青海田鼠夏秋季以白天活动为主,夜间活动强度低,昼夜呈双峰型活动类型;其活动强度的高低受环境因素的影响。     

试论田鼠起源和田鼠型鼠疫分布

田鼠是多种病毒性、细菌性、立克次氏体、螺旋体、寄生虫病等病原体的携带和传播者,经调查已证实导致我国田鼠型鼠疫流行的主要宿主是布氏田鼠(Microtus brandti)和青海田鼠(Microtus fuscus).     

贵池市升金湖东方田鼠调查

安徽省境内东方田鼠的调查，１９７４年以前，主要集中在贵池市东南湖。由于围垦，东南湖的生境改变，东方田鼠也随之消失，在此后的鼠类调查中，未再发现。１９９５年１１月在贵池市唐田乡的升金湖处再次发现东方田鼠的存在，证实了东方田鼠在我省境内并未绝迹。     

滇西地区大足鼠种群年龄的研究

大足鼠 (Ｒａｔｔｕｓｎｉｔｉｄｕｓｎｉｆｉｄｕｓ)是滇西农田主要害鼠 ,研究其年龄及不同时期各组年龄数量的比例 ,有助于了解种群变动规律 ,对鼠情预测预报及指导防制有一定意义。作者结合实际 ,用体重法对大足鼠的年龄进行了鉴定。1　材料与方法(1)材料　采用鼠夹法 ,按月在自然条件相似的大理及鹤庆农田共捕鼠 5 30只 (孕鼠除外 ) ,所获标本称重、外形测量、解剖。(2 )以体重的变化为主要指标 ,参考繁殖特征划分年龄组。以体重 2ｇ为单位分成若干小组作次数分配 ,划分出不同组间的界限范围 ,进行数理统计学处理。2　年龄组划分按大足…     

SPF级和野生布氏田鼠血液学指标的比较

目的:了解不同微生物控制程度(屏障环境和普通环境)对布氏田鼠血液学指标的影响。比较SPF级布氏田鼠(specific pathogen-free,SPF)和野生布氏田鼠血液学指标的差异。方法:选取4月龄SPF级布氏田鼠和野生布氏田鼠各16只,雌雄各半,测定12项血液学指标。结果:实验室开放环境饲养的野生布氏田鼠血红蛋白指标低于SPF级布氏田鼠,红细胞分布宽度和血小板数高于SPF级布氏田鼠。部分血液学指标在不同性别之间差异较大。结论:普通开放条件下饲养的野外捕获的布氏田鼠与SPF级布氏田鼠的部分血液学指标存在显著差异,说明微生物控制能影响动物的血液指标。     

布氏田鼠活动距离的研究

1985年5～10月,在内蒙古干草原上,采用标志流放法,研究了布氏田鼠的活动距离。共标志2786只,捕捉3608次。结果发现,25m以内为该鼠经常的活动距离,但有年龄、性别和季节上的差异。     

小毛足鼠种群年龄鉴定和组成的研究

目的：研究鄂尔多斯沙地草场小毛足鼠种群的年龄鉴定及组成。方法：1991－1995年每年4－10月在沙地草场6种生境内,利用直线夹日法调查,捕获鼠按常规称重、测量、解剖、称其胴体重,利用胴体重将5年的标本按年度、雌雄分别作次数分配,鉴定种群年龄。结果：划分成4个年龄组,胴体重分别为幼年组≤7.0g,亚成年组7.1-9.0g,成年一组9.1-12.0g,成年二组≥12.0g。小毛足鼠种群年龄组成的年度和季节变化明显。结论：利用胴体重鉴定小毛足鼠年龄的方法比较准确,且简单方便,便于在现场操作和应用。     

Molecular cloning and assessment of the immunocontraceptive potential of the zona pellucida subunit 3 from Brandt's vole (Microtus brandti)

A full-length cDNA encoding Brandt's vole (Microtus brandti) zona pellucida glycoprotein subunit 3 (vZP3) was isolated using rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR). The cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1254 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 418 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of vZP3 revealed high overall homology with hamster (82.1%), mouse (81.3%) and rat (80.6%). A synthetic vZP3 peptide corresponding to amino acid residues 328-343 was conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH-vZP3(328-343)) and used to immunise female Brandt's voles in order to test the efficacy of this peptide as a contraceptive antigen. High IgG antibody levels to the vZP3(328-343) peptide were present in the sera of female voles immunised with KLH-vZP3(328-343) and these also cross-reacted to the zona pellucida in ovaries of Brandt's vole. The fertility of the KLH-vZP3(328-343) -immunised voles was reduced by 50% compared with controls without evidence of significant ovarian pathology.     

不同年龄段女性的生理和疾病与性激素水平变化的关系

目的探讨不同年龄段女性人群性激素水平的变化与女性生理特点的关系,以及与女性疾病之间的关系。方法 189例成人根据年龄进行分组,血清性激素采用化学发光法测定。统计采用SPSS16.0进行统计学处理,计量资料均用(x-±s)表示。结果随着年龄的增加,E2水平持续下降,40～54岁组和55～65岁组的FSH和LH水平均显著高于25～39岁组(P<0.01),且55～65岁组比40～54岁组更为显著升高,两者相比差异有统计学意义(FSHP<0.01,LHP<0.05);40～54岁组与各组妇女血清FSH均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),LH在40～54岁组与55～65岁组中均显著增高(P<0.01),在围绝经期各组中FSH/LH比值均大于1.0,E和P在40～54岁和55～65岁组中均有不同程度的降低,其中55～65岁(绝经组)降低显著(P<0.01),40～54岁组和55～65岁组妇女PRL和T与25～39岁组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 3组不同年龄段女性,其性激素水平的变化是不相同的,对机体生理变化产生不同影响,也引起不同的疾病状况。在临床上,检测性激素的水平变化,对不同年龄组的疾病诊断具有重要意义。     

1～36个月小于胎龄儿血清脂联素水平及其与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的 探讨1～36个月小于胎龄(SGA)儿血清脂联素水平及其与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系.方法 选择在本院产科分娩或新生儿科住院,出生日期为2001年12月至2004年12月(收集样本时年龄为1～36个月)并被确诊为SGA的新生儿纳入SGA组(n=71).选择同期在本院儿童保健门诊接受体检的适于胎龄(AGA)儿,出生日期与SGA组一致,纳入AGA组(n=31).观察两组个体1～36个月时体格生长情况,检测其空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)和血清脂联素水平,计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(Hcoma-IR)和稳态模型胰岛素敏感指数(Homa-IAI).两组均排除先天性疾病、遗传代谢病、脑瘫、新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病及结核、肝炎、肾病综合征等慢性疾病患儿(本研究遵循的程序符合本院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,分组征得受试对象监护人的知情同意,并与其签署临床研究知情同意书).结果 ①SGA组71例受试者中,25例因各种原因予以排除,最终符合纳入和排除标准的SGA组受试者为46例.②SGA组与AGA组受试者性别、年龄比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.377,P>0.05;x2=0.064,P>0.05).另外,两组受试者生后喂养方式及纳入时合并相关内科疾病等比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).③SGA组与AGA组生长发育指标比较,除体重指数(BMI),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,体重、体重Z积分、身高、身高Z积分、胸围等,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).④SGA组和AGA组儿童的FPG,FINS,Homa-IR和Homa-IAI比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).⑤血清脂联素与BMI呈负相关(r=-0.304,P<0.05),与年龄、性别、FPG及FINS水平无相关性(P>0.05).⑥SGA组与AGA组的血清脂联素水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),SGA组血清脂联素水平低于AGA组.⑦血清脂联素与体重、体重Z积分、身高、身高Z积分、BMI、年龄、FPG和FINS的多元线性回归分析显示,与BMI具相关性(P<0.05),是血清脂联素的影响因素,复相关系数R=0.336,确定系数R2=0.113.结论 SGA儿在1～36个月尚未出现IR,但血清脂联素水平降低,表明其出现IR的危险性高于AGA儿.     

2006-2019年中山市丙型病毒性肝炎报告发病率的年龄-时期-队列分析

目的  掌握广东省中山市丙型病毒性肝炎(简称丙肝)报告发病率在年龄、时期和出生队列三个纬度的变化趋势。方法  采用广义相加模型分析年龄、时期及出生队列对2006-2019年中山市丙肝报告病例的影响。结果  2006-2019年中山市丙肝年均报告发病率为28.49/10万。0~＜10岁组的年龄效应值呈下降趋势,10岁以后随年龄增长而升高。男性高危出生队列在1970-1990年,女性在1960-1990年。2000年后男性出生队列效应RR值逐渐升高,女性逐年下降。结论  中山市丙肝报告发病率较高,需做好高危出生队列人群的健康教育,尤其是加强2000年以后出生男性的行为干预,降低疾病传播风险。     

Has Age at Menarche Changed? Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004

PurposeTo examine self-reported age at menarche in U.S. adults and the associations between age at menarche and race/ethnicity.MethodsData from 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 6788 females 20 years and over were analyzed. Self-reported age at first menses (in years) by birth year groups is reported overall and for Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic whites, and non-Hispanic blacks.ResultsMean age at menarche in the United States declined over time from 13.3 years (95% CI: 13.2–13.5) in the oldest age group, those born prior to 1920, to 12.4 years (95% C.I. 12.2–12.5 years) in the youngest group, born between 1980 and 1984. Declines in age at menarche were observed for all race/ethnicity groups. Non-Hispanic black females had the largest decline in mean age at menarche from 13.6 years (95% CI: 13.1–14.1) in women born prior to 1920, to 12.2 years (95% CI: 11.8–12.6) in the 1980–84 birth cohort. Mean age at menarche among non-Hispanic white females declined from 13.3 years (13.1–13.6) in the pre-1920 birth cohort to 12.5 years (12.3–12.8) in the 1980–84 birth cohort.ConclusionsSignificant declines in the mean age of menarche for U.S. females occurred overall and for all race/ethnic groups examined. Mean age of menarche declined by .9 year overall in women born before 1920 compared to women born in 1980–84; the declines in the mean age at menarche ranged from .7 to 1.4 years depending on the race/ethnicity group.     

Preterm Birth and Birthweight‐for‐Gestational Age among Immigrant Women in Denmark 1978–2007: A Nationwide Registry Study

Background: We sought to examine whether age at immigration and length of residence were associated with preterm and small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) delivery among immigrant women in Denmark. Methods: We included all live singleton deliveries from Danish‐born women (1 626 880) and women from the five largest immigrant groups (68 936) from 1978 to 2007. Data from the Danish Medical Birth Registry were linked to: parental country of origin, length of residence and age at immigration. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate absolute and relative differences with Danish‐born women as the reference group. Results: All immigrant groups had an increased risk of SGA delivery with the highest risk among Lebanese‐, Somali‐ and Pakistani‐born women: risk differences (RDs) and 95% confidence intervals [CI] per 1000 deliveries of 50.2 [95% CI 43.7, 56.7], 70.1 [95% CI 62.2, 77.9] and 85.7 [95% CI 78.5, 92.9]. Turkish‐ and Pakistani‐born women had increased RDs of 1.8 [95% CI 0.5, 3.1] and 2.2 [95% CI 0.1, 4.2] for very preterm and RDs of 3.5 [95% CI 0.9, 6.1] and 10.2 [95% CI 5.9, 14.5] for moderate preterm delivery. Lebanese‐born women had a decreased risk of very preterm delivery, RD of ?1.9 [95% CI ?3.5, ?0.3] and Somali‐born women a lower risk of moderate preterm delivery, RD of ?7.8 [?12.0, ?3.6]. No differences were seen for the remaining groups. The association with length of residence for most immigrant groups was U‐shaped, with highest risks among recent and long‐term residents. Conclusion: Immigration was more strongly related to SGA than to preterm delivery. Observed differences in birth outcomes varied by age at immigration and length of residency in Denmark.     

不同性别、年龄的中小学生头发微量元素分析

目的探讨人发中微量元素含量与年龄、性别的关系。方法用原子吸收分光光度法测定了四川省南部县丘垭乡中小学校166名学生头发中铜、锌、铁、锰含量,并进行性别、年龄的对比分析。结果中小学生头发中铜、锌含量无明显的性别差异,发锰含量女生高于男生,其中7～9岁、13～17岁组有明显差异;发铁含量10～12岁与18～21岁组男生明显高于女生;发中微量元素含量存在明显的年龄差异,其中发锌含量随年龄的增长而增加,发铁和发锰含量随年龄的增长而降低,各年龄组间均有非常显著性差异。结论发中微量元素含量存在年龄和性别的差异,尤以年龄差异更显著。此变化特征对今后的微量元素与健康的研究具有重要的参考价值与指导意义。     

Quality of motor performance in preterm and full-term 3-year-old children

BACKGROUND: A combined assessment of motor performance and behaviour (CAMPB) was introduced previously for use in a longitudinal study of children who needed neonatal intensive care (NIC) and were born very preterm (n = 68), moderately preterm (n = 81) and full-term (n = 77) and in a reference group of neonatally healthy full-term children (n = 72). Aim To follow up the quality of motor performance at 3 years of age in the above groups of children. METHOD: A detailed assessment of motor performance and an assessment of co-ordination were performed according to the CAMPB protocol. The results were compared between the different groups of children, and the relation between the two ways of assessing quality of motor performance was examined. RESULTS: The detailed assessment showed that the very preterm children had a significantly higher total score of deviations than any of the other gestational age groups of children. Also, some types of deviations were much more frequently observed in the very preterm children than in the other three groups. Some types of deviations were more often seen in children with pronounced incoordination than in children with no incoordination. The results from the two ways of assessing motor performance were strongly correlated. CONCLUSION: At 3 years of age, NIC children born very preterm have a lower quality of motor performance than NIC children born at a higher gestational age and healthy children born at term. The two ways of assessing quality of motor performance proved useful in identifying children with deviations indicating minor motor impairments.     

A Pint for A Pound? Minimum Drinking Age Laws and Birth Outcomes

Minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) laws are known to reduce alcohol consumption among young adults. One additional benefit of higher MLDAs may be that they improve health outcomes among infants born to young mothers. We estimate the impact of MLDAs on infant health in the USA by comparing birth outcomes among 14–20 year old mothers who were exposed to different MLDAs because of when and where they gave birth. Infants born to mothers who were between the ages of 21 and 24 years are included as a control group. We find that low MLDAs are associated with very small birth weight reductions, but have a little relationship with other traditional measures of infant health. We find compelling evidence, however, that a low MLDA increases the probability of a female birth, which suggests that restricting alcohol access to young mothers may reduce fetal deaths. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.