敌鼠钠盐一次投毒毒杀黑线姬鼠的现场试验报告

本文报告了敌鼠钠盐一次性投毒毒杀黑线姬鼠现场试验结果。适口性观察:0.3%敌鼠钠盐优于5%磷化锌及0.3%敌鼠钠盐5%磷化锌混合毒饵。灭鼠率比较:0.3%敌鼠钠盐稻谷毒饵高于5%磷化锌稻谷毒饵;0.1%敌鼠钠盐大米毒饵高于3%磷化锌大米毒饵.用0.025%、0.05%、0.1%、0.2%四种不同浓度的敌鼠钠盐大米毒饵作灭鼠率比较均无显著性差异。故用0.025～0.05%敌鼠钠盐大米毒饵,沿着田埂沟边每5步投放1～2克,一次性投毒毒杀黑线姬鼠是一种省药、省工、省粮、效集好的方法。     

长期使用敌鼠钠盐地区杀灭黄胸鼠的效果评价

目的评价长期使用敌鼠钠盐的地区敌鼠钠盐对黄胸鼠的毒杀效果。方法现场使用不同浓度毒饵进行7d饱和投药。结果0.10%和0.16%稻谷毒饵的盗食率分别为35.99%和26.21%,灭效分别为79.44%和92.70%。0.10%小麦毒饵的盗食率和灭效分别为38.36%和85.92%。2种稻谷毒饵的盗食率差异有显著性(χ2=12.97,P<0.01),灭效差异无显著性(χ2=0.32,P>0.05)。相同浓度的敌鼠钠盐稻谷和小麦毒饵之间盗食率和灭效差异均无显著性(χ2=0.64,P>0.05;χ2=0.03,P>0.05)。结论该地使用敌鼠钠盐防制黄胸鼠仍有良好效果,不宜盲目提高药物的使用浓度,但灭鼠药物的轮换使用应予以重视。     

敌鼠钠盐穿衣毒饵灭鼠效果观察

为提高敌鼠钠盐的灭鼠效果,我们给毒饵“穿衣”,在胶南县胶南镇进行了现场灭鼠效果观察。现报告如下: 一、材料与方法: 1.毒饵配制:敌鼠钠盐(大连化工厂产)50g,玉米或小麦50kg,毒饵浓度为10/万,共配制250     

杀鼠迷现场灭鼠效果观察

我市从未使用过杀鼠迷灭鼠。为观察该药灭鼠效果 ,进行了现场试验。1　材料与方法　 7.5%杀鼠迷水剂 ,配制成0 .0 375%稻谷毒饵 ;80 %敌鼠钠盐 ,配制成 0 .2 %稻谷毒饵。选择历年鼠情严重的排粉厂及中兴副食仓库为试验区 ,投放杀鼠迷稻谷毒饵 ;另选 2个鼠害相当单位为对照区 ,投放敌鼠钠盐毒饵。试验区和对照区均采用饱和投药法 ,2堆 /15ｍ2 ,2 5ｇ/堆 ,于每日下午 6时投饵 ,翌晨查补毒饵 ,吃光加倍 ,连续投放5ｄ。试验前及投药后第 16ｄ采用粉迹法测定鼠密度 ,计算灭鼠率。2　结果　2 .1　灭鼠效果　试验区灭前鼠密度为 72 .64% ,灭后降至 …     

氯鼠酮农田灭鼠效果观察

为探讨氯鼠酮在我国北方农田的推广使用价值,我们于1989年9月进行了农田灭鼠试验.兹报告如下: 一、毒饵配制:氯鼠酮(纯度80%以上),无锡洛社卫生用品厂生产,分别配制成1/万,0.75/万、0.5/万小麦毒饵.敌鼠钠盐(纯度80%以上),大连实验化工厂生产,配制成5/万小麦毒饵。     

氯鼠酮的适口性和特殊环境灭鼠效果观察

为了解氯鼠酮的性能和灭鼠效果,我们在平凉市进行了适口性和特殊环境灭鼠效果现场观察。简报如下: 一、适口性现场实验: 1.毒饵及分组:自制0.5/万氯鼠酮玉米糁、白菜毒饵和5/万敌鼠钠盐玉米糁、白菜毒饵。两种药     

杀鼠迷、敌鼠钠盐、溴敌隆一次性投饵杀灭家栖鼠效果评价

[目的]评价第一代抗凝血剂0.075%杀鼠迷、0.1%敌鼠钠盐及0.13%敌鼠钠盐母粉、第二代抗凝血剂0.005%溴敌隆毒饵灭鼠的效果。[方法]在济南市城乡结合部地区选取环境相似的两个农村,对杀鼠迷、敌鼠钠盐,溴敌隆和以敌鼠钠母粉配成的毒饵应用一次性投饵技术实施灭鼠;灭效考核用36格法、S-100格法。[结果]于投饵后第10天测定杀鼠迷、敌鼠钠盐、溴敌隆毒饵的灭鼠率分别为82.69%、82.32%、84.87%。杀鼠迷与溴敌隆（u=1.16,P〉0.05）、杀鼠迷与敌鼠钠盐（u=0.21,P〉0.05）、溴敌隆与敌鼠钠盐（u=1.36,P〉0.05）;用敌鼠钠母粉配成毒饵2次现场灭鼠效果分别为91.03%和87.40%,与敌鼠钠盐原粉（灭效89.55%）比较,差异均无统计学意义（u=0.87,1.08,P〉0.05）。[结论]第一代与第二代抗凝血杀鼠剂对家栖鼠都有良好的杀灭效果。     

提高敌鼠钠盐浓度一次性灭鼠效果观察

敌鼠钠盐的常规使用浓度为 2 .5～ 5 /万 ,需投毒饵 3～5ｄ ,3ｄ后开始死鼠 ,5～ 8ｄ为死鼠高峰 ,14ｄ后仍有死鼠现象 ,灭鼠时间拉得太长 ,不利于大面积开展工作。为解决这一矛盾 ,经多次试验 ,适当提高其浓度 ,在无二次中毒现象的情况下 ,我们采用 15 /万浓度 ,一次性投毒饵 ,收效很好。1　药原及方法　敌鼠钠盐系大连实验化工厂产品 ,本次使用 15 /万浓度 ,一次性投放毒饵。方法 :首先在中和镇境内试点 ,按照“四统一”(统一组织、统一时间、统一断鼠粮、统一投毒饵 ) ,“五不漏”(不漏单位、不漏村或居委会、不漏组、不漏户、不漏公共场…     

敌鼠钠盐大面积灭鼠效果观察

目的　观察敌鼠钠盐大面积灭鼠效果。方法　采用 5 /万敌鼠钠盐玉米糁毒饵 ,实施城区大面积灭鼠。结果　通过 49d的冬季灭鼠活动 ,城区鼠密度由原来的 16.0 %下降至 2 .6% ;室内鼠迹阳性率由灭前的 2 8.0 %下降至4.1% ,防鼠设施不合格率由原来的 3 2 .3 %下降到 5 .8%。结论　郑州市用敌鼠钠盐灭鼠虽已有 2 0余年 ,但尚无抗药性鼠类种群出现 ,今后开展全市性的灭鼠活动 ,仍可继续利用敌鼠钠盐。     

杀它仗毒杀家鼠试验研究

本文报告实验室选择性适口性试验结果,证实褐家鼠对杀它仗颗粒毒饵的接受性很好,摄食系数为1.17,试鼠死亡率为95%,试鼠均为出血而死,死亡期在给药后2～3天。在两个鼠密度高的现场灭鼠试验中,分别间隔限量投放0.05%杀它仗毒饵及饱和投放0.2%敌鼠钠盐毒饵,都取得一致的灭鼠效果;杀它仗试验区户均耗饵量48.7g,敌鼠钠盐试验区户均385.0g,前者可节省87%诱饵粮,且灭鼠效果、毒饵的接受程度和节省劳力等亦优于第一代抗凝血剂,值得推广应用。     

溴敌隆用于食品行业的灭鼠试验

用溴敌隆进行了食品行业灭鼠试验,0.005%溴敌隆对食堂、食品加工房、食品库、副食售卖店、饲养场平均灭鼠率分别为95.69%、95.58%、95.15%、100%、93.24%,其中饼干(糕点)加工房灭鼠率98.79%,明显高于肉食加工房90.36%(x~2=8.71 P<0.01);烟酒库灭鼠率100%高于果品库88.23%,差异有极显著性意义(μ=21.47 P<0.01)。溴敌隆与敌鼠钠盐毒饵杀灭褐家鼠分别为96.09%、83.33%,差异有显著性意义(x~2=3.92 P<0.05);杀灭小家鼠为94.50%,87.56%,差异无显著性(x~2=1.2 P>0.05);杀灭黄胸鼠为92.23%,81.81%有显著性差异(x~2=4.81 P<0.05)。溴敌隆死鼠高峰在投毒后第3～5天。从解剖55只死鼠均可见典型的抗凝血杀鼠剂病变,经8个月的动态观察,以食品加工房回升率最快(10.46%),副食售卖店回升率最慢(1.91%)。作者认为溴敌隆药源充足,毒鼠力强,安全可靠,适用于城乡大面积灭鼠。     

Dissipation of fuphenthiourea residues in rice and field ecosystem after seed soaking application

An analytical method with SPE or matrix solid-phase dispersion clean-up procedure on PSA followed by HPLC-DAD was established for determination of fuphenthiourea residues in rice, water and soil. At three concentration levels (0.05, 0.5 and 5 mg kg⁻¹), recoveries were in the range of 61.2-82.7%, with a RSD less than 13%. The LOQ of this method was 0.005, 0.02 and 0.01 mg kg⁻¹ for the water, soil and rice samples, respectively. Fuphenthiourea was applied in supervised ?eld trials at GAP conditions during rice seeding. It was found that under field conditions, the dissipation half-lives of fuphenthiourea were 0.8 d in the water and 24.8 d in the soil. At harvest, no detectable residues (<LOD) were found in the various samples.     

抗凝血杀鼠剂双甲敌鼠胺盐的药效试验观察

笔者应用双甲敌鼠胺盐（杀鼠新），以灌胃法进行小白鼠急性口服毒力测定，雄鼠ＬＤ５０为５８．８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ．。雌鼠为４８．３７ｍｇ／ｋｇ。以玉米糁做诱饵，小白鼠对０．０５％和０．００５％杀鼠新诱饵的适口性均良好；与无毒饵比较。０．０５％毒饵的摄食系数为０．７４，０．００５％毒饵为０．８４；０．０５％杀鼠新毒饵相同浓度敌鼠钠相比，摄食系数是１．０４。选用０．０５％杀鼠新玉米糁毒饵，在浓阳市郊某牛奶场进行     

溴敌隆毒杀黄胸鼠效果观察

目的 观察溴敌隆对黄胸鼠的毒杀效果。方法 实验室用不同诱饵进行有选择性试验和无选择性试验，根据试验结果进行现场毒效试验。结果 有选择性试验，试鼠对0．005％小麦、大米、稻谷和成品颗粒毒饵的摄食系数分别为0．88、0．73、1．11和0．13，对0．01％小麦毒饵的摄食系数为0．81。无选择性试验，0．005％小麦、大米和稻谷毒饵1—4次给药，毒杀率均低于30％，0．005％成品颗粒毒饵2次给药，毒杀率为80％，0．01％小麦毒饵2—3次给药，毒杀率分别为60％和75％。现场试验，0．015％小麦毒饵3d饱和投饵，灭效为93．02％。结论 溴敌隆自配的新鲜毒饵适口性好，但0．005％-0．01％毒饵的毒杀率均较低，药物的质量应予重视。     

阿斯匹林与抗凝血灭鼠剂混配增效作用的试验研究——Ⅰ.混配毒饵的灭鼠效果试验

本文报道了阿斯匹林与抗凝血灭鼠剂混配毒饵的实验室灭效观察结果,证实两药按一定剂量混合使用能提高灭鼠效果,加快鼠的死亡,缩短致死时间,减少抗凝血剂的用量。     

臭鼩鼱的选食性试验和药饵毒效观察

作者等在实验室和现场对臭鼩鼱的选食性及溴敌隆毒饵的灭效进行了观察。结果表明,其对猪肉 米饭与牛肉 米饭有同样的适口性,花生油作为引诱剂可明显提高饵料的摄食量。实验室以0.005%溴敌隆猪肉米饭毒饵连续喂饲臭鼩鼱2天,其毒杀率为100%;现场连续投毒6天,其灭效达96.56%,而对鼠类的灭效仅为20.53%。     

Laboratory trials of three anticoagulant rodenticides for use against the Indian field mouse, Mus booduga Gray.

The efficacy of three anticoagulant rodenticides for use against the Indian field mouse, Mus booduga, was evaluated in the laboratory. The poisons, namely warfarin, bromadiolone and brodifacoum, were all found to be toxic enough at the concentrations normally used against other commensal and field rodents. With brodifacoum (0.001 25%), bromadiolone (0.005%) and warfarin (0.025%), 83% of the animals died respectively after 1, 1 and 6 days'' feeding. It is suggested that brodifacoum and bromadiolone might be more economical than warfarin for use in practical rodent control.     

Supplementation of diets with the black rice pigment fraction attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation in apolipoprotein e deficient mice

Apolipoprotein (apo)E-deficient mice were used to study the antiatherogenic effect of black rice pigment fraction (BRF) and the possible mechanisms by which it inhibits atherogenesis. The apoE-deficient mice (n = 45) were randomly divided into three groups and received AIN-93G diet (positive group), AIN-93G with 5 g of black rice pigment fraction/100 g (BRF group) and AIN-93G with 5 g of white rice outer layer fraction/100 g (WRF group) for 16 wk. C57BL/6J mice (n = 15) received AIN-93G and were used as a control group. Blood samples were collected for measurement of lipid concentration, antioxidized LDL antibody and nitric oxide concentration. Livers were extracted for determination of cholesterol concentrations, and aortas were used to determine cholesterol concentrations and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein and mRNA expression. Hearts were used to assess atherosclerotic plaque formation. The apoE-deficient mice fed the black rice pigment fraction diet had 48% (P < 0.01) less atherosclerotic lesion area compared with apoE-deficient mice fed only the AIN-93G diet and 46% (P < 0.01) less lesion area compared with mice fed the white rice outer layer fraction diet. This observation corresponded with significantly (P < 0.05) lower total serum cholesterol, lower liver and aorta cholesterol (P < 0.01) and higher HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05) concentrations and lower (P < 0.05) antioxidized LDL antibody titer in apoE-deficient mice fed the black rice pigment fraction diet compared with positive and WRF groups. Notwithstanding this, mice fed the black rice pigment fraction diet also had lower CD4(+) T lymphocyte expression (P < 0.05) and weaker inducible nitric oxide synthase expression (P < 0.05) compared with mice fed the AIN-93G diet and the white rice outer layer fraction diet, respectively. We concluded that the inhibition of atherosclerotic lesions of the black rice pigment fraction is attributed to the improvement in cholesterol accumulation and reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation.     

Field trials of difenacoum against warfarin-resistant infestations of Rattus norvegicus.

The anticoagulant difenacoum was tested at two concentrations, 0-005 and 0-01%, in bait against warfarin-resistant rat infestations in farm buildings. Twelve out of the 14 treatments in which the lower concentration of the anticoagulant was used resulted in complete control. One of the remaining two treatments was probably also completely successful, but in the other a few rats, that were not eating the poisoned baits, were still active after 30 days of baiting. All six treatments done using the stronger concentration of poison were completely effective. Since it took as long to control infestations with 0.01% as with 0.005% difenacoum in treatments carried out under similar conditions, the lower concentration is recommended for use against warfarin-resistant rats.     

Dietary taurine content and feline reproduction and outcome

The reproductive performance and the outcome of the kittens was determined for female cats fed 0, 0.01, 0.02 or 0.05% taurine. Reproductive performance and outcome in the 0.02% group was substantially better than in the 0 and 0.01% groups but not as good as in the 0.05% group. Kittens in the 0.05% group had higher body weights and brain weights at birth and at 8 wk after birth than did kittens in the other groups. The concentration of taurine in milk was much higher in females fed 0.05% taurine (approximately 1.9 mmol/L) compared with females fed 0.02% taurine (approximately 0.55 mmol/L) or females fed 0 or 0.01% taurine (approximately 0.2 mmol/L). The concentration of taurine in tissues and fluids of adult females, newborn kittens and 8-wk-old kittens in the 0.05% group was significantly higher than in all other groups. In general, the concentration of taurine in tissues and fluids of the 0.02% group were not significantly different than in the 0 or 0.01% groups, with the exception of 8-wk-old kittens, in which several values, including retina and five brain regions, were significantly higher than in the 0 and 0.01% groups. These results indicate that the postnatal supply of taurine in the mother's milk had a greater impact than the intrauterine environment on the taurine concentration of the offspring in the 0.02% group; this amount of dietary taurine is still insufficient for a normal reproductive performance and resulted in significantly smaller taurine concentrations in adults and offspring.