N-糖基化IL-24的表达及体外诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的研究

目的构建IL-24基因的真核表达载体,在毕赤酵母GS115中高效表达,研究重组N-糖基化IL-24蛋白体外诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的活性。方法借助过渡质粒α/pUC18,将IL-24基因插入到质粒pPIC9K的BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ之间,构建重组质粒IL-24/pPIC9K,转化毕赤酵母GS115分泌表达,Tricine-SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定目的蛋白,ELISA检测蛋白表达量,糖苷酶PNGaseF分析IL-24糖基化形式和程度。MTT法和形态学分析重组IL-24诱导MCF-7乳腺癌细胞凋亡的活性。结果成功构建重组表达质粒IL-24/pPIC9K,IL-24在毕赤酵母最高表达量为(81.31±14.46)mg·L-1。约70%的IL-24发生了N-糖基化。重组IL-24诱导MCF-7乳腺癌细胞凋亡,对正常人肺成纤维细胞NHLF没有影响。N-糖基化IL-24对MCF-7抑制率约高于去糖基化IL-24。结论毕赤酵母分泌形式的表达和适度的糖基化修饰都有利于目的蛋白IL-24的生物学活性,为后续的研究提供基础。     

人内皮抑素在毕赤酵母中的组成型表达及其活性检测

为获得大量具有生物学活性的重组人内皮抑素(Endostatin),在毕赤酵母中进行组成型表达的研究。将由毕赤酵母偏爱密码子组成的Endostatin cDNA插入组成型载体pGAPZαA中,构建表达载体pGAPZαA-ENDO,并转化到毕赤酵母X-33中。重组菌株在甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAP)启动子的调控作用下,进行组成型表达Endostatin蛋白。重组人Endostatin产量达到102mg/L。Western blot显示:表达蛋白能与兔抗Endostatin的多克隆抗体特异性结合。纯化后的重组Endostatin具有抑制人血管内皮细胞系ECV-304细胞增殖的活性。利用毕赤酵母组成型表达系统能获得大量具有生物活性的Endostatin蛋白。     

重组水痘-带状疱疹病毒糖蛋白E病毒样颗粒在毕赤酵母中的表达与鉴定

目的  在毕赤酵母细胞中稳定表达经连接肽连接的HBsAg和水痘-带状疱疹病毒糖蛋白（glycoprotein,g）E的重组蛋白,并进行初步纯化及颗粒性验证。方法  构建HBsAg-gE的四拷贝重组表达质粒,经酶切线性化后电转化至毕赤酵母KM71细胞中,甲醇诱导表达。采用免疫印迹法和ELISA检测表达的重组蛋白,经蔗糖密度梯度离心和凝胶排阻层析初步纯化后进行透射电子显微镜观察。结果  HBsAg-gE四拷贝重组质粒经双酶切鉴定正确。表达的重组蛋白经免疫印迹法检测,可以与小鼠抗gE单克隆抗体及抗HBsAg多克隆抗体特异性结合,相对分子质量约90 000。经ELISA检测HBsAg呈阳性。蔗糖密度梯度离心后,重组蛋白聚集在40%至55%区带之间,在透射电子显微镜下观察到直径约20 nm左右的病毒样颗粒结构。结论  成功在毕赤酵母中表达了HBsAg-gE病毒样颗粒,为在酵母系统中表达水痘-带状疱疹重组疫苗奠定了基础。     

毕赤酵母表达重组hPK-5蛋白不均一性的鉴定

对毕赤酵母表达重组人纤溶酶原Kringle 5(hPK-5)蛋白的不均一性进行了鉴定.应用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)法及分子排阻高效液相色谱(SEC-HPLC)和反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)进行纯度分析.采用糖蛋白染色法鉴定是否为糖蛋白.以Edman降解法测定N端氰基酸,采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾四极杆飞行时间质谱(HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS)联用技术测定蛋白质精确分子质量.结果表明:SDS-PAGE测定为单一条带,纯度大于95%,SEC-HPLC测定为单一色谱峰,纯度大于95%,RP-HPLC测定为几个紧密相连的峰.糖蛋白染色为阴性.N端氨基酸测定结果表明含多个N端氨基酸.液质联用测定精确分子质量的结果表明hPK-5蛋白是相对分子质量分别为10 744.88,10 646.00,10 533.00和10 419.63的混合物.以上结果准确鉴定出毕赤酵母表达的该重组hPK-5蛋白是C端完整而N端依次缺失0～3个氨基酸的不均一蛋白.     

人胰岛素生长因子-1基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

研究人胰岛素生长因子-1(Insulin-like growth factor-1,IGF-1)在巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)GS115中的表达.用聚合酶链反应法(PCR)和基因重组技术构建重组人胰岛素生长因子毕赤酵母表达载体并在毕赤酵母中进行表达.SDS-PAGE分析和质谱测定产物分子量7.6kD和理论值相同.人胰岛素生长因子在毕赤酵母的分泌表达为今后的研究打下基础.     

巴斯德毕赤酵母真核蛋白表达系统的研究进展

自 1 98 1年 hitzeman等 [1 ] 首次在酿酒酵母中表达了人重组干扰素基因后 ,相继又有多种外源基因表达成功。但是常规的酿酒酵母表达系统由于发酵密度不高 ,蛋白分泌能力较差 ,糖基化修饰过度可能会引起副反应等 ,近年来已被新的酵母宿主细胞所取代 ,如巴斯德毕赤酵母、乳酸克鲁维亚酵母、粟酒裂殖糖酵母、烷烃利用型耶鲁酵母、西方许旺氏酵母和多形汉逊酵母等 ,合称非常规酵母表达系统。它们往往具有营养要求简单、生长旺盛、生物量大、温度适应范围广 (2 5℃～ 4 6℃ )、蛋白质分泌能力强等特点 ,正好补充了酿酒酵母的不足。其中的巴斯德…     

改变毕赤酵母信号肽对人三叶因子3表达的影响

为了表达具有天然N-末端的人三叶因子3，构建了含两种信号肽序列的毕赤酵母表达载体，其中一种表达载体在分泌信号肽序列α-factor后保留STE13信号肽切割序列，另一种表达载体去除了该序列，将2种表达载体分别转化到毕赤酵母GS115中进行表达，经甲醇诱导后目的蛋白分泌到发酵液上清中，SDS-PAGE和Western印迹证明2种重组蛋白均以二体的形式分泌表达，分子质量约为13ku，都能被TFF3抗体所识别，N-端氨基酸测序证明其中一个重要组蛋白具有天然人TFF3的N端，质谱检测分子质量与天然蛋白一致；另一重组蛋白N-端则带有2个未切割完全的信号肽序列GluAla，质谱检测该蛋白中还含有部分切割完全的蛋白。     

糖蛋白药物糖基化及其表达系统的研究进展

大约有四分之一的新药是蛋白类药物,其中糖蛋白药物占了绝大部分。本文从药物代谢动力学、组织靶向和调节生物活性等三个方面综述了糖基化对最佳治疗效果的影响,并且评估了CHO和酵母表达系统以求达到最佳糖基化。哺乳动物细胞培养是现今糖蛋白的生产系统,它存在以下几个缺点：成本高,周期长,糖基化作用受限。鉴于此,现在也已经开发了酵母表达系统来替代哺乳动物细胞培养,它具有表达能力高,发酵易于控制,可以进行氮糖基化的优点,尤其是P．pastoris工程酵母必将有更加广阔的应用前景。     

重组毕赤酵母生产干扰素α-2b的研究

目的为探求生产干扰素-α2b的方法。方法采用重组毕赤酵母发酵,纯化生产干扰素-α2b。结果重组毕赤酵母生产干扰素α-2b,产量高达70mg/L(发酵液),目标蛋白干扰素α-2b不需要复性,在纯化过程中,不需要价格昂贵的单抗柱,即可从发酵液中提取获得纯度达96%以上的目标蛋白,蛋白质比活性大于1.0×109IU/mg。结论PichiaPastoris高效酵母分泌表达系统取代大肠杆菌表达系统生产干扰素-α2b。结论采用重组毕赤酵母生产干扰素-α2b,能提高蛋白质比活性,简化生产工艺,降低生产成本。     

甲基营养型酵母表达系统的研究进展

选择一种适于生产特定蛋白的表达系统包括周密计划,并考虑下列因素,如表达蛋白的特性、生产足量蛋白所需时间、处理大规模发酵和下游加工过程的能力。本文概述的甲基营养型酵母的特性和优点表明,多形汉逊酵母和巴氏毕赤酵母代表了重组制品的有效表达系统,在许多情况下,这两种酵母可能是表达重组产物的最佳选择。目前,有关管理当局正考虑批准用此法生产的一些重组制品     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.