Foot malignancies: a multidisciplinary approach

Malignant osseous and soft tissue tumors of the foot are rare and should be considered in patients who have foot-related symptoms. Most sarcomas affect patients who are older than 55 years; however, many young patients who are otherwise healthy, may present with malignant foot and ankle lesions. In addition to benign and malignant neoplasms, pseudotumorous conditions mimic neoplastic lesions and should be differentiated before any treatment is undertaken. Invasiveness is a characteristic of sarcomas. The foot is a terminal anatomic structure, with closed and tight compartments and well-vascularized tissues, that predispose it to hematogenous and lymphatic metastases. Patients who have a malignant foot tumor should be referred to an orthopedic oncologist for further evaluation and treatment. The goals of treatment include local tumor control, restoration of function and stability during standing and walking, long-term survival, and improved quality of life. In most cases, wide surgical margins require a ray, Syme, midtarsal, or below-the-knee amputation. Recent advances in chemotherapy and radiotherapy have allowed limb salvage procedures with wide tumor resections. Because overall survival is greatly improved in these patients, the reconstruction of skeletal defects needs to be more functional and durable. After tumor resection, reconstruction of the skeletal and soft tissue defects is possible by using bone allografts or vascularized autografts, arthrodesis, and free vascularized musculocutaneous flaps.     

The serratus anterior free flap in limb reconstruction. About 30 cases

Between 2001 and 2003, 30 serratus anterior free flaps have been realized in our unit for reconstruction of lower limb. The flaps were indicated for repair of traumatic soft tissue defect in 19 cases, for chronic wound in six cases, for purpura fulminans in two cases, for pressure sore in one case and after tumor resection in 1 case. There were 29 patients: 25 males and four females. They ranged in age from 5 to 64 years. The size of the soft tissue defects ranged between 15 and 180 cm(2). Four different types of serratus anterior flaps were used: 20 muscle flaps ; four myocutaneous flaps ; five costo-osteomuscular flap ; one costo-osteomyocutaneous flap . In all cases we used osteo flap (8 th rib) in order to restore bone defect, which ranged from 9 to 15 cm. Necrosis occurred in two flaps because of venous thrombosis. The functional outcome was good for all patients and the aesthetic sequelae at the donor site were considered as minor. The serratus anterior flap can be used in many different ways: different kinds of flaps (osteo-cutaneous-muscle); very variable size of flap (15 to 180 cm(2) in our series) , different length of pedicle possible. Because of his versatility and his absence of major functional or aesthetic sequelae the serratus anterior free flap has become day by day our favourite option in limb reconstruction.     

Foot and ankle reconstruction: An experience on the use of 14 different flaps in 226 cases

The aim of this report was to present our experience on the use of different flaps for soft tissue reconstruction of the foot and ankle. From 2007 to 2012, the soft tissue defects of traumatic injuries of the foot and ankle were reconstructed using 14 different flaps in 226 cases (162 male and 64 female). There were 62 pedicled flaps and 164 free flaps used in reconstruction. The pedicled flaps included sural flap, saphenous flap, dorsal pedal neurocutaneous flap, pedicled peroneal artery perforator flap, pedicled tibial artery perforator flap, and medial plantar flap. The free flaps were latissimus musculocutaneous flap, anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap, groin flap, lateral arm flap, anterolateral thigh perforator flap, peroneal artery perforator flap, thoracdorsal artery perforator flap, medial arm perforator flap. The sensory nerve coaptation was not performed for all of flaps. One hundred and ninety‐four cases were combined with open fractures. One hundred and sixty‐two cases had tendon. Among 164 free flaps, 8 flaps were completely lost, in which the defects were managed by the secondary procedures. Among the 57 flaps for plantar foot coverage (25 pedicled flaps and 32 free flaps), ulcers were developed in 5 pedicled flaps and 6 free flaps after weight bearing, and infection was found in 14 flaps. The donor site complications were seen in 3 cases with the free anterolateral thigh perforator flap transfer. All of limbs were preserved and the patients regained walking and daily activities. All of patients except for one regained protective sensation from 3 to 12 months postoperatively. Our experience showed that the sural flap and saphenous flap could be good options for the coverage of the defects at malleolus, dorsal hindfoot and midfoot. Plantar foot, forefoot and large size defects could be reconstructed with free anterolateral thigh perforator flap. For the infected wounds with dead spce, the free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap remained to be the optimal choice. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 33:600–604, 2013.     

Free fillet flap application to cover forequarter or traumatic amputation of an upper extremity: A case report

Reusing tissue of amputated or unsalvageable limbs to reconstruct soft tissue defects is one aspect of the “spare parts concept.” Using a free fillet flap in such situations enables the successful formation of a proximal stump with the length needed to cover a large defect from forequarter amputation without risking additional donor‐site morbidity. The use of free fillet flaps for reconstruction after forequarter and traumatic upper extremity amputations is illustrated here in a case report. A 41‐year old patient required a forequarter amputation to resect a desmoid tumor, resulting in an extensive soft‐tissue defect of the upper extremity. A free fillet flap of the amputated arm and an additional local epaulette flap were used to reconstruct the defect. At 9 months after the procedure, a satisfactory result with a very well healed flap was attained. Free fillet flaps can be used successfully for reconstruction of large upper extremity defects, without risking additional donor‐site morbidity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:700–704, 2016.     

Reconstructive indications of simultaneous double free flaps in the head and neck: A case series and literature review

Extensive and complex defects of the head and neck involving multiple anatomical and functional subunits are a reconstructive challenge. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the reconstructive indications of the use of simultaneous double free flaps in head and neck oncological surgery. This is a retrospective review of 21 consecutive cases of head and neck malignancies treated surgically with resection and reconstruction with simultaneous use of double free flaps. Nineteen of 21 patients had T4 primary tumor stage. Eleven patients had prior history of radiotherapy or chemo‐radiotherapy. Forty‐two free flaps were used in these patients. The predominant combination was that of free fibula osteo‐cutaneous flap with free anterolateral thigh (ALT) fascio‐cutaneous flap. The indications of the simultaneous use of double free flaps can be broadly classified as: (a) large oro‐mandibular bone and soft tissue defects (n = 13), (b) large oro‐mandibular soft tissue defects (n = 4), (c) complex skull‐base defects (n = 2), and (d) dynamic total tongue reconstruction (n = 2). Flap survival rate was 95%. Median follow‐up period was 11 months. Twelve patients were alive and free of disease at the end of the follow‐up. Eighteen of 19 patients with oro‐mandibular and glossectomy defects were able to resume an oral diet within two months while one patient remained gastrostomy dependant till his death due to disease not related to cancer. This patient had a combination of free fibula flap with free ALT flap, for an extensive oro‐mandibular defect. The associated large defect involving the tongue accounted for the swallowing difficulty. Simultaneous use of double free flap aided the reconstruction in certain large complex defects after head and neck oncologic resections. Such combination permits better complex multiaxial subunit reconstruction. An algorithm for choice of flap combination for the appropriate indications is proposed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.     

颈部带蒂组织瓣修复口腔颌面部肿瘤切除术后软组织缺损

目的介绍4种颈部带蒂组织瓣修复口腔颌面部肿瘤切除术后软组织缺损的方法。方法1982年1月~2003年12月,172例口腔颌面部肿瘤,其中口腔黏膜鳞癌165例,唾液腺癌7例。I期21例,Ⅱ期116例,Ⅲ期35例。病变主要部位:舌59例、颊黏膜55例、下颌牙龈26例、口底25例、腮腺4例及口咽区3例。肿瘤切除术与颈淋巴结清扫术后,应用颈阔肌皮瓣修复45例,胸锁乳突肌皮瓣修复59例,舌骨下肌皮瓣修复60例,颏下岛状瓣修复8例;切取肌皮瓣皮岛范围2.5 cm×5.0 cm~5.0 cm×8.0 cm。结果术后153例皮瓣全部成活,其中舌骨下肌皮瓣55例,颈阔肌皮瓣40例,胸锁乳突肌皮瓣52例,颏下岛状瓣6例;完全坏死11例,部分(皮岛1/4~1/2)坏死8例。4种皮瓣成功率分别为91.67%、88.89%、88.14%和75%。101例获随访3~11年,平均5.7年,原位复发18例,颈部复发4例,远处转移2例;3年生存84例,占83.17%。结论颈部带蒂组织瓣适用于修复口腔颌面部肿瘤切除后中小型软组织缺损。     

股前外侧游离穿支皮瓣修复头面部和四肢肿瘤切除后软组织缺损

目的探讨应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣,修复头面部和四肢肿瘤切除术后的方法及其效果。方法2004年4月-2006年4月,收治头面部及四肢肿瘤切除术后造成的软组织缺损,采用股前外侧穿支皮瓣游离移植共16例,男13例,女3例;年龄26-72岁。头面部肿瘤9例,其中头顶部基底细胞癌1例,面部鳞状细胞癌4例（包括肿瘤复发1例）,腮腺癌4例;软组织缺损范围8cm×6cm-20cm×13cm,病程6-24个月。四肢肉瘤7例,其中上肢2例,下肢4例,小腿复发1例;软组织缺损范围10cm×7cm-21cm×12cm,病程2-18个月。结果16例应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复,15例皮瓣全部成活,1例皮瓣远端约2.5cm宽范围缺血坏死;14例创口期愈合;2例创口期愈合,其中1例经切除坏死组织,直接缝合后期愈合,另1例创口有3cm裂口,经换药后期愈合。术后随访1-18个月,肿瘤无复发,供受区外观良好,平整,无明显瘢痕及功能影响;受区修复效果满意。结论股前外侧穿支皮瓣游离移植,修复效果好,对供区损伤小,是一种较理想的修复头面和四肢肿瘤切除术后软组织缺损的方法。     

Utilizing a crossover reverse sural artery flap for soft tissue reconstruction of the plantar forefoot after a severe degloving injury

Extensive soft tissue defects involving the weight-bearing areas of the plantar aspect of the foot often require coverage with flaps. The options often include free flaps, free muscle flaps with split-thickness skin grafting, or local flaps. When presented with high-energy-induced soft tissue injuries of the foot, choices become narrow, secondary to the associated zone of injury. Free flaps require a viable recipient vessel suitable for microvascular anastomosis. Split-thickness skin grafts applied to the plantar aspect of the foot are prone to persistent breakdown. Local flaps if available are useful for coverage of plantar soft tissue defects. However, when local flaps of the affected limb are compromised or extension is not sufficient for coverage, crossover leg and foot flaps become invaluable. The reported cases of crossover sural artery flaps are sparse. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the few reported cases of crossover leg and sural artery flaps were described to provide soft tissue coverage over the heel and leg. The authors report a case of a crossover reverse sural artery flap for soft tissue coverage to the plantar aspect of the forefoot after a high-energy-induced degloving injury.     

Distally-based sural neurocutaneous flap for repair of a defect in the ankle tissue

The Achilles tendon and the bones around the foot and ankle are often exposed after trauma and infection because of the thinness of the soft tissue. Many surgeons consider the distally-based neurocutaneous flap as the first choice for reconstructing soft tissue defects around the ankle, as it provides robust axial perfusion for flaps and is easier to transpose than random pattern local flaps or free flaps. We report here a series of 23 cases of reconstruction of the foot and ankle using a distally-based sural neurocutaneous flap. This flap, which measured from 5 × 4 cm(2) to 15 × 10 cm(2), was transferred to cover defects in the soft tissues of the foot and ankle. The short saphenous veins were ligated in 12 cases and retained in the remaining 11 cases. All flaps survived, but two cases with retained short saphenous veins developed venous congestion, including one that progressed to distal necrosis. In conclusion, the distally-based sural neurocutaneous vascular flap provides a valuable tool for the repair of defects in tissues around the ankle.     

游离股前外侧皮瓣修复口腔软组织缺损

目的 探讨分析3种游离股前外侧皮瓣在口腔软组织缺损修复中的临床特点与治疗效果。方法 2008年12月至2010年12月收治67例口腔肿瘤患者,切除肿瘤的同时,应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复缺损处,包括舌、颊、牙龈、口底,通常将皮瓣的旋股外侧动脉降支与受区的颌外动脉或甲状腺上动脉吻合,伴行静脉与受区的面总静脉或颈外静脉吻合。根据游离股前外侧皮瓣的厚度将其分成3种类型：股前外侧肌皮瓣、股前外侧脂肪筋膜皮瓣和薄型股前外侧皮瓣。结果 67例中股前外侧肌皮瓣为35例,股前外侧脂肪筋膜皮瓣17例,薄型股前外侧皮瓣15例。66例皮瓣存活,成功率为98.5％,其中1例糖尿病患者皮瓣发生小部分坏死,经清创换药后痊愈;1例皮瓣完全坏死。67例皮瓣中41例吻合2条静脉,26例吻合1条静脉。8例出现血管危象：6例为静脉血栓（5例抢救成功、1例皮瓣完全坏死）,1例为术区血肿,1例为穿支血管扭转,经过相应处理,血管危象均得到缓解。术后随访2～ 24个月,平均8.7个月,受区组织缺损修复效果满意,供区创面愈合良好。结论 游离股前外侧皮瓣的受区功能良好,供区并发症少,是一种修复口腔软组织缺损的较为理想的方法。     

股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 探讨游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法对18例足踝部皮肤软组织缺损患者进行皮瓣移植,缺损面积9 cm×6 cm～26 cm×15 cm.受区彻底清创,切取股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复创面.结果 18例均获得随访,时间6～12个月.皮瓣全部成活（其中2例皮瓣术后发生血管危象,经手术探查处理后成活）,皮瓣色泽、弹性、厚度均为优良,供区及受区外观均满意.结论 股前外侧穿支皮瓣供区隐蔽,用于足踝部皮肤软组织缺损修复,临床效果良好.     

Dorsalis pedis arterialized venous flap for hand and foot reconstruction

Objective:To report the results of repair of skin defects in the extremities with arterialized venous flap harvested from the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the foot.Methods:Six cases of skin and soft...     

Microvascular reconstructions of full-thickness oncological chest wall defects

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the suitability of microvascular flaps for the reconstruction of extensive full-thickness defects of the chest wall. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Chest wall defects are conventionally reconstructed with pedicular musculocutaneous flaps or the omentum. Sometimes, however, these flaps have already been used, are not reliable due to previous operations or radiotherapy, or are of inadequate size. In such cases, microvascular flaps offer the only option for reconstruction. METHODS: From 1988 to 2001, 26 patients with full-thickness resections of the chest wall underwent reconstruction with microvascular flaps. There were 8 soft tissue sarcomas, 8 recurrent breast cancers, 5 chondrosarcomas, 2 desmoid tumors, 1 large cell pulmonary cancer metastasis, 1 renal cancer metastasis, and 1 bronchopleural fistula. The surgery comprised 5 extended forequarter amputations, 5 lateral resections, 8 thoracoabdominal resections, and 8 sternal resections. The mean diameter of a resection was 28 cm. The soft tissue defect was reconstructed with 16 tensor fasciae latae, 5 tensor fascia latae combined with rectus femoris, and 3 transversus rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps. In 2 patients with a forequarter amputation, the remnant forearm was used as the osteomusculocutaneous free flap. RESULTS: There were no flap losses or perioperative mortality. Four patients needed tracheostomy owing to prolonged respiratory difficulties. The mean survival time for patients with sarcomas was 39 months and for those with recurrent breast cancer 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive chest wall resections are possible with acceptable results. In patients with breast cancer, the surgery may offer valuable palliation and in those with sarcomas it can be curative.     

足骨及软组织损伤缺损的组合组织修复临床研究

目的 研究解决足部创伤及疾病造成的足骨及软组织缺损的修复重建方法，减少和减轻足残疾和功能不良率，最大限度的恢复足功能和外型。方法 对于足背、前足、足跟、踝下等部位单纯软组织缺损，可采用局部转移或旋转皮支皮瓣、筋膜皮瓣，游离皮瓣，游离全厚植皮等方法修复；足底负重区采用预制皮瓣方法解决；前足、足跟及其它跗骨复合组织缺损采用带血管髂骨加皮瓣组合移植重建；内外踝缺损应予以重建。结果 247例患者经1．5～5年随访，按美国AOFAS踝一足评分标准：优84例，良107例，可42例，差14例。结论 髂骨用于重建再造跖骨缺损尤其是多跖骨缺损、跟骨缺损，稳定且触地面积大、承压小；内外踝可取带筋膜的髂骨和腓骨头重建骨及韧带缺损；组合带血管骨与皮瓣修复缺损，可恢复足的解剖和生理功能。     

足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的显微外科修复选择

目的 探讨应用带蒂皮瓣及游离皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的方法和临床疗效.方法 2008年3月至2010年3月共收治28例足踝部软组织缺损患者,男21例,女7例;年龄6～62岁,平均34.0岁.致伤原因:交通伤13例,机器压砸伤11例,坠落伤2例,慢性溃疡1例,烫伤1例.皮肤缺损面积4.0 cm×7.0 cm～11.0 cm×44.0 cm.术前根据患者足踝部软组织缺损及其他组织损伤情况,急诊或择期选择带蒂皮瓣或游离皮瓣移植修复足缺损,其中应用股前外侧皮瓣10例,腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣8例,内踝上穿支皮瓣4例,跗外侧皮瓣3例,足底内侧皮瓣2例,背阔肌皮瓣1例.术后对皮瓣的存活情况和愈合质量进行随访. 结果 28例患者术后获4～24个月(平均14个月)随访.2例术后出现皮瓣远端坏死,2例皮瓣边缘部分坏死,经换药、抗感染和植皮术后创面愈合;其余移植的皮瓣均成活,创面一期修复,皮瓣外形良好,质地、弹性好,足踝部功能恢复,行走正常. 结论 足踝部软组织缺损修复应根据损伤部位、面积及程度来决定选用邻近带蒂组织或游离组织移植修复.足跟及踝部缺损可选用腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣、足底内侧皮瓣、内踝上皮瓣和跗外侧皮瓣等;大面积或广泛剥脱伤需选用游离皮瓣,如股前外侧皮瓣或背阔肌皮瓣;前足小范围缺损,应用跗外侧皮瓣进行修复有其优势.     

软组织重建在骨与软组织肿瘤外科治疗中的应用

目的回顾不同部位骨与软组织肿瘤切除术后软组织重建方法及临床疗效,探讨合理的软组织重建策略。方法 2003年6月-2010年12月,收治因骨或软组织肿瘤进行外科切除并接受皮瓣、肌瓣或肌皮瓣修复重建患者90例。其中男59例,女31例;年龄9～85岁,中位年龄37.2岁。骨原发或转移性肿瘤52例,软组织原发肿瘤38例。75例为肿瘤切除后一期软组织重建;7例因伤口不愈合行清创后软组织重建;8例因伤口感染行清创、负压封闭引流,二期软组织重建。皮瓣类型:腓肠肌肌瓣40例,背阔肌肌(皮)瓣6例,腹直肌肌(皮)瓣4例,臀大肌肌皮瓣、胸大肌肌瓣、交腹皮瓣各1例,局部转移皮瓣27例,带血管蒂皮瓣5例,单纯游离植皮5例。皮瓣范围为6.5 cm×4.5 cm～21.0 cm×9.0 cm。结果术后87例皮瓣成活;Ⅰ期愈合81例;Ⅱ期愈合6例,其中2例皮瓣部分坏死,经换药后成活,3例皮瓣延迟愈合,1例伤口轻度感染,经保守治疗后愈合。软组织重建失败3例,均为皮瓣坏死合并感染,经清创二次皮瓣转移后愈合。供区创面均Ⅰ期愈合,移植皮片完全成活。73例获随访,随访时间10～102个月,平均36.1个月。6例患者于术后2～27个月,平均8.2个月出现局部复发并接受二次手术切除。13例于术后6～34个月,平均19.2个月死于原发病。结论骨与软组织肿瘤切除后常造成较大的软组织缺损,选择适当的肌(皮)瓣进行软组织重建可以达到理想的伤口闭合,减少术后伤口并发症,有利于术后功能恢复。     

Osteo-fasciocutaneous parascapular flap transfer for reconstruction of the first ray of the foot

BACKGROUND: Severe bone and soft tissue defects of the first metatarsal bone after trauma, tumor resection or osteomyelitis are challenging to treat. Partial amputation of the foot may be the consequence. However, due to its significance for gait, salvage of the first ray should be considered, whenever possible. One option for bone and soft tissue reconstruction, therefore, might be an osteo-fasciocutaneous parascapular flap transfer. METHODS: Five patients with bone and soft tissue defects of the first ray of the foot but intact MTP joint were treated with osteo- fasciocutaneous parascapular flap transfer, two after tumor resection, and three after severe bone and soft tissue trauma. Patients were followed for 12-36 months clinically and radiologically. RESULTS: All flaps survived. One revision was necessary because of venous thrombosis, which was treated successfully by thrombectomy and patch plastic. All osteosyntheses united and the scapular bone transplant adapted nicely to the new loading conditions. All patients were content with the result and would agree to have the operation again. Two patients were able to stand tiptoe and go jogging, one patient still had limitations of ADLs due to the concomitant injuries. CONCLUSION: The osteo- fasciocutaneous flap proved to be very versatile and safe for foot reconstruction due to its favorable vascular anatomy. In all patients (partial), amputation of the foot could be avoided.     

Use of nasolabial flap for mouth floor reconstruction

SUBJECT: Oral cavity cancers represent 30% of the cephalic extremity tumors. Their resection requires in the majority of the cases a reconstruction by soft tissue. The reconstruction must be simple by bringing some reliable, hairless, thin, resistant tissue to radiation therapy, with a limited morbidity and an acceptable scar ransom. PURPOSE: The purpose of our study is to define the place and the limits of nasolabial flap in the reconstruction of the anterior floor of the mouth after tumoral resection compared to the other surgical and microsurgical techniques. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively studied patients with oral cancerous lesions of the anterior floor of the mouth reconstructed by nasolabial flap between 1997 and 2002. The patients benefited from a surgical resection of the tumor by respecting the safety margins, with an immediate reconstruction allowing the restoring of the oral functions. We tried to describe the limits of this flap and discussed its modalities of vascularization. RESULTS: Fifty-three flap procedures were performed on 47 patients; forty-one have received a unilateral and 6 a bilateral nasolabial flap. The majority of tumors were squamous cell carcinomas (50 cases). The average age of patients were 64.8 years (45-78 years) with 40 men (75%) and 13 women (25%). A radical neck lymph nodes dissection with facial artery ligation was realized for 21 patients (15 ipsilateral and 3 bilateral) without affecting the outcome. As complications, we noted one complete necrosis and two partial necrosis of the flap, two postoperative wound complications with dehiscence as well as a massive local recurrence of initial tumor in one patient. CONCLUSION: The nasolabial flap represents a simple functional and morphological option to other pedicled or microsurgically anastomosed flaps for the reconstruction of intermediate-sized mouth floor defects.     

游离股前外侧皮瓣治疗小儿足踝部严重软组织损伤

目的 探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣修复小儿足踝部严重软组织缺损的临床经验.方法 1997年2月至2012年1月对16例小儿足踝部严重软组织缺损应用吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣修复,并对手术方式、手术时机及疗效进行分析.结果 16例患儿移植皮瓣顺利成活12例,术后于24～48 h内发生动脉性血管危象4例,经取栓切取对侧大隐静脉移植后2例成活,但仍有2例出现皮瓣坏死.结论 游离股前外侧皮瓣移植是修复小儿足踝部严重软组织缺损的一种良好的选择,熟悉小儿游离皮瓣移植的特点,可获得满意的治疗效果.     

多种背阔肌瓣游离移植修复下肢缺损

目的 寻找应用背阔肌瓣游离移植修复下肢缺损的方法.方法 1996年2月-2008年2月,笔者单位应用游离背阔肌瓣修复下肢皮肤及组织缺损患者42例,其中膝部4例,小腿22例,足、踝部15例,膝下至足背严重撕脱1例.清创后采用背阔肌肌皮瓣、背阔肌肌瓣植皮、保留肌袖的背阔肌穿支皮瓣、分叶背阔肌组织瓣修复创面.组织瓣切取范围18 cm×8 cm～40 cm × 18cm.结果 除3例患者术后发生血管危象,2例供区植皮和1例肌瓣植皮部分坏死外,其余患者创面均一次性愈合.随访3～24个月,6例患者皮瓣外形臃肿,影响穿鞋,再次行皮瓣修薄术;3例肌瓣植皮区有轻度瘢痕挛缩.结论 个性化设计不同形式的背阔肌瓣,可满足下肢皮肤软组织缺损的修复.