肠炎沙门氏菌在鸭群中经口服感染和空气传播的研究

目的　了解肠炎沙门氏菌在鸭群中的传播情况。某番鸭及樱桃谷鸭养殖场的鸭群发生一种高发病率、高死亡率的传染病。分别从病死鸭内脏分离到 2株细菌 ,经分离鉴定为肠炎沙门氏杆菌。方法　研究经饲料、饮水口服和空气传播引起感染的情况。结果　肠炎沙门氏菌在鸭群中可经饲料、饮水由消化道或经空气传播从呼吸道进入而引起发病。结论　分离菌具有较强的致病性 ,要从饲料、饮水和空气传播等方面防止肠炎沙门氏菌引起鸭群感染发病     

《Emerging Infectious Diseases》2000年第5期有关人兽共患病论文摘译 家禽鸡沙门氏菌竞争性排斥肠炎沙门氏菌

20世纪晚期,肠炎沙门氏菌已成为一种与蛋相关的主要致病菌。来自英格兰、威尔士及美国的流行病学数据表明肠炎沙门氏菌因家禽鸡沙门氏菌的消灭而充斥于生态小环境中,导致了人类感染流行的增加。通过对德国流行病学监测的回顾性分析验证了这种假设,证明了肠炎沙门氏菌病例数与家禽鸡沙门氏菌的流行呈负相关。基于流行病学与种群生物学建立的数学模型表明20世纪早期由于家禽群集鸡沙门氏菌竞争性排斥肠炎沙门氏菌《Emerging Infectious Diseases》2000年第5期有关人兽共患病论文摘译 家禽鸡沙门氏菌竞争性排斥肠炎沙门氏菌@WolfgangRabsch…     

山夫登堡沙门氏菌致老年患者腹泻1例

<正>在世界范围内尤其是发展中国家,由沙门菌属引起的食源性疾病最常发生[1]。在我国引起食物中毒的沙门菌属主要是鼠伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌,山夫登堡沙门氏菌引起的感染较少且呈散发状态,报道多为婴幼儿感染,老年患者感染鲜有报道。湖北省宜昌市夷陵医院在1例老年腹泻患者粪便标本中分离出1株山夫登堡沙门氏菌。现报道如下。1病例介绍患者,女,85岁,半个月前老伴去世,7月30日晚餐进食肉丸子后于夜间开始排黄色稀水样大便,     

深圳市腹泻患者沙门菌感染状况和耐药性分析

目的 分析2014-2017年深圳地区腹泻患者沙门菌的感染特征和耐药性情况,为沙门菌感染的防控提供科学依据。方法 从深圳市3家哨点医院腹泻门诊收集患者粪便标本,进行沙门菌的分离鉴定、血清分型及药敏试验;对7家医院上送的住院病人分离的沙门菌进行血清分型和药敏试验。结果 4 847份门诊患者的粪便标本中,分离出192株沙门菌,检出率为4.0%。5-10月是沙门菌检出的高峰, 5岁以下儿童和6-17岁是感染的主要人群,检出率分别为6.2%和5.3%。192株沙门菌中鉴定出18种血清型,其中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌变种和肠炎沙门氏菌是最常见的3种血清型,另有19株未能分型。77株住院病人分离的沙门菌中鉴定出20种血清型,其中肠炎沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌变种、甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌占比分别为33.8%、13.0%和11.7%,另有3株未能分型。45株沙门菌对氨苄西林、环丙沙星和左旋氧氟沙星的耐药最为严重,自2015年开始出现对喹诺酮类药物的耐药和多重耐药菌株,10株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中多重耐药率为50.0%。结论 深圳市腹泻患者的沙门菌感染以17岁以下儿童为主,5-10月份为感染的高峰期,沙门菌的血清型分散,其中肠炎沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌变种是主要的血清型,多重耐药自2015年开始日趋严重,临床上应合理规范用药并且加强耐药监测。     

山东省动物源沙门氏菌MLST和血清分型与分布研究

目的比较动物源沙门氏菌多位点序列分型(MLST)与血清分型的差别,获得动物源沙门氏菌在山东省的分布规律。方法从山东部分地区分离78株鸡源沙门氏菌、56株鸭源沙门氏菌和20株猪源的沙门氏菌,PCR扩增七段沙门氏菌内部保守的片段序列进行多位点序列分型,同时用玻片凝集法分析其血清型。结果血清分析结果表明,鸡源沙门氏菌检出6种血清型,其中肠炎沙门氏菌占88.5%、印第安纳沙门氏菌占5.1%、汤卜逊沙门氏菌占2.6%、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌占1.3%、山夫登堡沙门氏菌占1.3%、阿格玛沙门氏菌占1.3%;鸭源沙门氏菌检出2种血清型,其中肠炎沙门氏菌占67.9%、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌占32.1%;猪源沙门氏菌检出3种血清型,其中鼠伤寒沙门氏菌占65%、德贝儿沙门氏菌占20%、肠炎沙门氏菌占15%。通过MLST分型,鸡源检出7种ST型:ST11、ST19、ST26、ST128、ST14、ST17和New1;鸭源检出3种ST型:ST11、ST19和New2;猪源检出3种:ST34、ST40和ST3007。结论整体来看,分离菌的血清型和ST型数量比较接近,二者分型能力相近。     

鸡源性肠炎沙门氏菌的鉴定

摘要：目的 本次试验主要是运用多种方法鉴定临床分离的一株沙门氏菌。方法 这次试验从细菌培养特性、生化特性方面来鉴定临床分离菌属于那类细菌;测定临床分离菌的血清型根据血清型试验结果进一步确定临床分离菌的类型;测定临床分离菌的16s rRNA 从分子生物学角度鉴定细菌;应用多位点序列分型（MLST）对该株细菌进行分型。结果 从临床分离的沙门氏菌与肠炎沙门氏菌的微生物学和生物化学特征相符合,血清学试验结果确定其血清型为O3,19(+);O9(+);Hg,p(+);Hg(+);Hm(+),16s RNA基因测序结果显示该株细菌与鸡肠炎沙门氏菌P125109同源性达100%,多位点序列分型结果显示该株细菌基因型为ST11。结论 该株细菌为肠炎沙门氏菌血清型为O3,19(+);O9(+);Hg,p(+);Hg(+);Hm(+),基因型为ST11。     

肠炎沙门氏菌感染引起的结节性红斑

在意大利比萨地区沙门氏菌属是引起儿童细菌性肠炎并导致住院的主要原因。在过去3年中入比萨学院儿科诊所的257例儿童中的50例是沙门氏菌属感染,其中37例(74％)经粪便培养分离出肠炎沙门氏菌,10     

头孢噻肟钠治疗小儿鼠伤寒沙门氏菌肠炎60例

头孢噻肟钠治疗小儿鼠伤寒沙门氏菌肠炎６０例陵县人民医院（２５３５００）王玉华，纪丽华我们用头孢噻肟钠治疗经大便培养确诊为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的难治性小儿肠炎６０例，效果良好。治疗方法：本组６０例均为系统抗生素治疗３～２０天仍高热不退、腹泻不止者。入院后...     

鸡源性肠炎沙门氏菌的流行病学调查

目的与方法通过对一株分离自患病蛋鸡的沙门氏菌进行了生化鉴定、血清学鉴定、分子生物学检测和攻毒试验,确定了我国鸡群中存在肠炎沙门氏菌的感染;通过血清学试验,对我国部分鸡群进行了血清流行病学调查。结果结果表明,从临床分离的沙门氏菌与肠炎沙门氏菌的微生物学和生物化学特征相符合,通过血清型鉴定、PCR检测、DNA测序和分析证明分离的肠炎沙门氏菌株与标准株肠炎沙门氏菌相符合;首次全国范围血清流行病学调查,从全国采集603份蛋鸡血清中发现9份阳性样本,利用肠炎沙门氏菌阳性血清检测从当地禽肉、蛋样本中分离的8株可疑沙门氏菌,未检测到肠炎沙门氏菌。结论本研究结果显示,我国部分地区蛋鸡群中存在肠炎沙门氏菌的感染,但是鸡群感染率不高。     

某医院婴儿室暴发鼠伤寒沙门氏菌病的调查

<正> 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(简称鼠伤寒菌)是人畜共患的致病菌。近年来,鼠伤寒菌医院内感染,已成为一项严重的院内感染问题。1988年4～5月,我区某医院妇产科婴儿室突然发生一批原因不明的腹泻病儿,经流行病学调查和病原学检查证实,确认此次婴儿腹泻系一次经水传播的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌病暴发流行。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.