肾透析用动静脉内瘘急性血栓置管溶栓的护理

目的总结8例血液透析用动静脉内瘘发生急性血栓,行置管溶栓治疗的护理配合。方法对患者进行局部置管碎栓后,再用尿激酶团注结合微泵持续溶栓。结果患者能积极配合置管溶栓,内瘘均能再通。结论本方法血栓发生时间短,操作简单、不良反应小、效果满意。     

血液透析动静脉内瘘急性血栓形成的溶栓治疗

目的　探讨经导管溶栓治疗血液透析动静脉内瘘急性血栓形成的价值。方法　对 32例慢性肾功能不全尿毒症期行血液透析患者的动静脉内瘘急性血栓形成进行经导管脉冲喷射药物机械溶栓法治疗。结果　经造影证实为急性血栓形成的 32例患者 ,治疗后即时开通率为 97% (31/ 32 ) :1例技术失败。溶栓治疗后造影 ,闭塞段均重新开放。术后随访发现 4例发生再次闭塞 ,其中 2例经再次同法治疗后恢复通畅 ,另 2例患者因发现有局限性血管狭窄而行经皮腔内血管成形术而恢复通畅。术后所有患者未出现肺栓塞及出血等并发症。结论　经导管脉冲喷射药物机械溶栓法是治疗动静脉内瘘急性血栓形成的安全、有效、微创的方法 ,具有较高的即时开通率。对伴有血管狭窄的患者 ,在经导管脉冲喷射药物机械溶栓法治疗的基础上 ,综合经皮血管成形及支架植入术可以提高远期开通率     

动静脉内瘘术前血管的保护

血液透析(简称血透)是尿毒症病人最重要的治疗手段之一,而动静脉内瘘(AVF)则是血透患者所必需建立的血管通路。1966 年Brescia首创了皮下动静脉内瘘进行血透,至今35年,AVF 已成为长期血透通路的基本模式。我科10年来为慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)患者建立AVF共476例,成功458例,失败18例。在临床实践中我们发现建立AVF 的成败很大程度上决定于术前血管的保护。现报告如下。1 资料与方法1.1 临床资料 全部病例均为确诊的CRF(慢性肾功能衰竭)患者,均需长期透析治疗。其中男性326     

血液透析不同部位动静脉内瘘的比较

血透通路是长期血液透析患者的生命线,直接关系到长期血液透析患者的透析质量和生存质量。目前国内外多采用上肢动脉内瘘术建立长期血透通路。其中通过钛轮钉吻合建立的动静脉内瘘(AVF)因其操作简便、安全、并发症少而为国内较多临床医生所采用,有逐渐代替传统的通过缝合建立动静脉内瘘的趋势。我科自1989年开始用钛轮钉吻合建立血管通路,根据血管条件的差异,选择不同的部位和     

袖套式动静脉内瘘及其应用

随着血液透析技术的成功开展,对血管通路的要求越来越高,制作方式的选择亦越来越多。实践证明:对维持性血透病人来说,在条件具备时制作内瘘无疑应当作首选。本文报告了我院12例血液透析病人应用袖套式动静脉内瘘的手术方法和临床体会。 资料与方法 我院自1992年6月至1993年1月随机行袖套式动静脉内瘘成形术12例,其中男性8例,女性4例,年龄24～74岁,平均45岁。全部内     

血液透析动静脉内瘘血管狭窄和闭塞的介入治疗

目的探讨经导管溶栓、经皮血管成形术(PTA)治疗血液透析动静脉内瘘狭窄和闭塞的可行性和有效性。方法对25例自体血管血液透析动静脉瘘道狭窄和闭塞患者行血管造影,18例血栓形成闭塞患者经导管尿激酶溶栓治疗,16例血管狭窄行PTA。结果 25例造影显示血栓闭塞18例,单纯性狭窄7例;经溶栓治疗开通16例,即时开通率88.9%(16/18)。溶栓开通16例中9例显示血管狭窄,该9例与单纯性狭窄7例共16例进行了PTA治疗,成功14例,失败2例,术后所有病例未发生肺梗塞、出血等并发症。溶栓完全开通或PTA成功后,即感血管震颤较前明显增强,次日透析时血流量达到250mL/min,可完全满足透析需要。结论经导管溶栓和PTA是治疗动静脉内瘘血栓形成和血管狭窄的安全、有效和微创的方法,经导管溶栓具有较高的开通率;对栓塞伴有血管狭窄的患者,在溶栓的基础上,结合PTA可提高远期开通率。     

超声引导穿刺在动静脉内瘘溶栓治疗中的应用价值分析

血液透析治疗对延长尿毒症患者生存期具有重要的意义,为降低血液透析对患者机体造成的刺激,动静脉内瘘是血液透析患者首选的血管通路,动静脉内瘘畅通对保证血液透析治疗的正常进行具有重要的意义[1]。行动静脉造瘘术患者由于机体纤溶系统稳定性被破坏,动静脉内瘘易出现阻塞,急性动静脉内瘘血栓形成患者需对其实施溶栓治疗。本次研究为论证超声引导穿刺在动静脉内瘘溶栓治疗中的应用价值,选择2016年6月至2019年6月焦作市第二人民医院收治的69例动静脉内瘘阻塞患者进行对照研究,现报告如下。     

人工血管动静脉内瘘后期闭塞的介入治疗

目的：通过分析人工血管动静脉内瘘（AVG）闭塞介入治疗的临床效果,探讨其应用价值。方法：对22例AVG后期闭塞患者行人工血管U形襻的动静脉侧侧襻相向穿刺,采用经皮血管球囊成形术（PTA）和（或）支架置入,配合经鞘抽栓、经椎管溶栓等介入治疗。结果：本组22例PTA后,19例狭窄率<30%,提示成功;3例狭窄率仍>30%,植入GORE公司Viabahn覆膜支架后狭窄解除。术后当日即可正常使用人工血管行血透治疗。所有患者均未出现肺动脉栓塞和出血等并发症。随访6个月,21例血透通路保持通畅,1例于术后36 d复发血栓性闭塞,再次介入治疗后一直通畅。结论：AVG闭塞的介入治疗因简单安全、成功率高、并发症少、可重复性强、创伤小及住院时间短等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

血管插入式动静脉内瘘术施行体会

慢性长期血透病人,建立和保护好一条理想长久的血管通路对患者的生存至关重要。Breein等于1966年首创动静脉内瘘术（称经典内瘘）存在吻合口径不易掌握、需要显微外科技术、手术难度大等问题。作者自2003年3月以来,采用血管插入式的动静脉内瘘术建立永久性血管通道,认为该法有术式简单、易掌握、创伤小、并发症少等优点。     

血液透析动静脉内瘘狭窄及血栓形成原因分析与护理对策

动静脉内瘘是慢性肾衰竭透析患者赖以生存的血管通路，而血管狭窄及血栓形成是血液透析患者通路最常见的并发症。我们对我院11例反复发生血管狭窄及血栓形成的血液透析患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，现将血液透析患者动静脉内瘘狭窄及血栓形成的原因及其护理对策探讨如下。     

急性脑血栓的动脉内溶栓治疗

急性缺血性脑卒中主要由脑血管血栓形成所致,占急性脑血管病的50%～60%,是中枢神经系统最常见的致死和致残性疾病.缺血“半暗带”理论的提出,为脑梗死溶栓治疗提供了理论依据.随着医学影像学的发展及神经介入技术的进步,动脉内溶栓技术已经成为急性颅内动脉血栓形成的主要治疗方法之一,现介绍如下.     

Local thrombolysis and thromboaspiration in the treatment of acutely thrombosed arteriovenous hemodialysis fistulas

Sixty-four thrombosed hemodialysis fistulas in 55 patients were treated by local low-dose infusion of urokinase, percutaneous angioplasty, and thromboaspiration. Lysis was initially successful in 38 cases (59%) without any negative side effects. At 1 year, 59% of these fistulas were still functional. When the procedures failed, surgery saved the vascular access in 17 cases. Local fibrinolysis combined with thromboaspiration and angioplasty provides a clinically useful means of access preservation.     

Embolization of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with Onyx-18

Background and purpose

The use of Onyx in the treatment of AVMs has been reported in the literature, but experience in the treatment of DAVF is lacking. We report the clinical outcome obtained in the treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) using a new liquid embolic agent, Onyx-18.

Methods

The present series included 21 patients; 9 had DAVFs draining directly into the cortical veins, 6 had DAVFs draining directly into the dural sinus, 4 had DAVFs draining through the ophthalmic veins and 2 had DAVFs involving the dural sinus with leptomeningeal retrograde venous drainage Clinical data were extracted from hospital files and all patients were followed.

Results

In 14 patients (70%) there was complete angiographic elimination of the shunts and resolution of the symptoms. The remaining 7(30%) patients was not cured with residual shunts. Adverse events occurred in 6(30%) of 21 patients with 1 DAVF located at the transverse sigmoid sinus, 2 at tentorium, and 3 at the cavernous sinus. Cranial deficits occurred in 3(15%) patients, brain infarction in 1(5%) patient and microcatheter gluing in 1(3.2%) patient. At final follow up, 20 patients were asymptomatic with 1 showed clinical improvement.

Conclusion

Definitive cure may be attained effectively with Onyx in dural arteriovenous fistulas and adjunctive to surgery and radiotherapy. Location of the DAVFs affected the outcome of transarterial embolization.     

Reconstructive treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas of the transverse and sigmoid sinus: transvenous angioplasty and stent deployment

Various techniques for the endovascular treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) of the transverse and sigmoid sinus have recently evolved. Transvenous coil occlusion of the involved segment and transarterial embolization of the feeding arteries with liquid agents are the commonest treatments utilized. However, with respect to venous hypertension as the probable pathogenic cause of this disorder, a nonocclusive or remodeling technique might be preferable. We will present a series involving four patients, treated with transvenous angioplasty and stent deployment as a definitive treatment of dAVFs of the transverse and sigmoid sinus. This method was used as a primary treatment or as an adjunct to previous noncurative transarterial n-butyl cyanoacrylate and particle embolization. In three of the four cases, complete occlusion of the fistula was achieved with confirmation of occlusion seen on follow-up angiographical studies. In one case a negligible and nonsymptomatic remnant of the fistula fed by the tentorial artery was left untreated. From our experience, we conclude that transvenous stent deployment is an alternative to traditional concepts. Additionally, the pathological theory of dAVFs in this region located in venous pouches of the sinus wall is supported by the fact that they can be occluded by mechanical compression during angioplasty and subsequently maintained by a stent.     

枪弹伤导致双下肢多发动静脉瘘一例

病史摘要患者男,39岁,2个月前右大腿中部、左小腿上部被散弹枪击伤,在当地医院行伤口局部清创、左小腿筋膜室切开减压,伤愈后出院。因双下肢仍明显肿胀,并伴活动后胸闷、心慌等症状而入院。入院查体:心率110次/min,右大腿中部、左小腿内外侧有多处陈旧切口瘢痕,双小腿明显肿胀,肤色暗红,伴皮温增高,双足背和胫后动脉搏动均明显减     

Basal cerebral venous drainage from cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas

Introduction  This study aimed to define the patterns of basal cerebral venous drainage (BCVD) from cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSDAVFs). Materials and methods  Forty sets of selective angiographic data from 36 patients with spontaneous CSDAVFs (age range, 53–79 years) were retrospectively analyzed for their drainage patterns. Three types of BCVD were observed, i.e., superolateral type, BCVD via the deep middle cerebral vein or uncal vein; posterolateral type, BCVD via the superior petrosal sinus and petrosal vein; and posteromedial type, BCVD via the bridging vein and the anterior pontomesencephalic vein. MR images and/or 3D-DSA images were also reviewed when available. Results  BCVD from CSDAVF was found in 12 patients (30%), and the other drainage routes included the superior ophthalmic vein in 25 (63%), the inferior petrosal sinus in 17 (43%), the superficial middle cerebral vein in 17 (43%), intercavernous sinus in 15 (38%), the superior petrosal sinus in seven (18%), and pterygoid plexus in two (5%), respectively. In 12 patients with BCVD, superolateral type was found in four (33%), posterolateral type in five (42%), and posteromedial type in seven (58%). Four cases of posteromedial type were associated with other types of BCVD. Conclusion  CSDAVFs are often associated with BCVD via three different pathways. The posteromedial type via the bridging vein is the most frequent type of BCVD.     

Percutaneous transvenous embolisation through the occluded sinus for transverse-sigmoid dural arteriovenous fistulas with sinus occlusion

We report six cases of transverse-sigmoid dural arteriovenous fistulae (TS DAVF) treated with percutaneous transvenous embolisation through the occluded sinus. All patients had sinus occlusive lesions: an isolated sinus in five cases and a distal occlusion of the affected sinus in one. Leptomeningeal retrograde venous drainage via the vein of Labbé or the sylvian vein was observed in all patients with an isolated sinus. In five patients a microcatheter was easily passed through the occluded sinus. In four of them, a complete angiographic cure was achieved by packing the sinus with coils. However, in one, sinus packing was ineffective and surgical excision of the affected sinus was necessary. The microcatheter could not be passed through the occluded sinus in one case, and direct packing of the isolated sinus was later required. In all cases, complete cure was achieved without complications. This safe, not very invasive and highly effective treatment for TS DAVF with sinus occlusion is thus worth trying when the occluded segment is relatively short. Received: 11 August 2000 Accepted: 21 August 2000     

介入腔内溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的评价介入腔内溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效及随访结果。方法36例急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者,于DSA下,溶栓导管直接插入静脉血栓,微泵持续注入尿激酶溶栓。治疗过程中及结束时,以静脉通畅度评分和静脉通畅改善率,及健患肢周径差指标评价疗效,并于出院半年后随访。结果36例患者溶栓后静脉造影复查显示,静脉通畅度显著改善(P<0.01),静脉通畅改善率49.4%±14.6%;健患肢大、小腿平均周径差有显著差异(P<0.01);治疗过程中未出现严重并发症。27例患者取得随访,随访时间6～18(10.5±6.1)个月。静脉造影或Duplex检查,静脉通畅度显著改善(P<0.01),静脉通畅改善率为60.6%±14.0%。22例深静脉瓣膜得以保存,深静脉瓣膜保存率达81.5%。结论介入腔内溶栓治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成疗效好而且安全。