2010年上海市宝山区小学生屈光不正和视力损伤的患病率调查

背景 流行病学调查表明,青少年视力损伤是一个全球性的公共卫生问题,其首要原因是未矫正的屈光不正,因此一定规模的流行病学调查对儿童屈光不正的矫正具有重要意义.目前尚缺乏上海市大规模儿童视力损伤和屈光不正的流行病学调查资料. 目的 调查上海市6 ～12岁小学生视力损伤与屈光不正的患病情况.方法 采用横断面调查研究设计,于2010年5月至2011年4月分层随机整群抽取上海市宝山区6所学校的4 686名小学生进行研究,眼部检查包括视力、外眼、眼前节、屈光间质、眼底和眼压检查,并记录睫状肌麻痹后电脑验光的结果和眼位.结果 实际受检学生4 594人,应答率为98.0％,接受睫状肌麻痹后验光者3 975人,占84.8％.双眼裸眼视力≤0.5者占14.4％（662/4 594）,其中343人配戴眼镜,占51.8％.所有受检者中,任一眼裸眼视力≤0.5者1 031人,占22.4％.受检的视力损伤者中屈光不正占96.9％（999/1 031）,弱视占3.6％（37/1 031）.接受睫状肌麻痹后验光的小学生中,近视、远视和散光的患病率分别为31.1％、4.3％和33.0％.公办学校的小学生近视患病率高于外来务工随迁子女学校的学生,差异有统计学意义（x2=5.46,P=0.02）.Logistic回归分析显示,年龄和女生与近视的发生及发展明显有关（年龄：OR=1.60,95％ CI：1.53 ～ 1.68,P＜0.01;女生：OR=1.33,95％CI：1.16～1.54,P＜0.01）. 结论 中国上海市小学生视力损害的主要原因是近视,应注意筛查并提高小学生屈光不正的矫正覆盖率.     

散光眼与近视化关系的研究

目的：了解生长发育期眼的散光与正视化及近视发生发展的关系。方法：检查４ ～７ 岁和１０ ～１６岁两组对象的屈光情况,部分病例随访３ 年以上,睫状肌麻痹下验光,角膜曲率计测角膜散光。随访３ ～１２ 岁混合散光患儿２１ 眼。鸡４１ 只于出生次日行单眼角膜散光术,另眼对照,观察屈光及Ａ超和游标卡尺测球径。结果：散光发生率为７１．４％ 。４～７ 岁组中散光眼和无散光眼随访３ 年以上,平均远视屈光度分别降低＋ ０．９４±０．８６Ｄ和＋０ ．５８ ±０．４８Ｄ,差异明显（ｔ＝ ２．５７,Ｐ＜０．０１） 。１０ ～１６ 岁组中散光眼和无散光眼随访３ 年以上平均近视屈光度分别增加－１．２１±０ ．６３Ｄ和－ ０．６２５ ±０．２９Ｄ,差异显著（ｔ＝ ５．８５,Ｐ＜ ０．００１）。混合散光眼３ 年后多转变为复性近视散光。动物人工角膜散光可诱发低度近视屈光,与对照眼比较差异有极显著意义。鸡实验眼轴长多大于对照眼,组织病理学无明显改变。结论：散光在人及动物生长发育期可加速眼的正视化及诱发眼的近视化。     

立体视与屈光不正的关系

对１２４例矫正视力正常的屈光不正患者测量立体视锐度阈值（简称体视阈值），其中近视１００人（－０．７５～－１３．００Ｄ），远视２４人（＋０．８７～＋５．００Ｄ），二者平均体视阈值：裸眼分别为９７．７３＂和２１．３７＂；戴镜分别为８．２５＂和９．７４＂。二者的裸眼体视阈值均较正常人（５．１５＂）者高（Ｐ〈０．０１）；戴镜后视力正常，二者的体视阈值仍较正常人者高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。裸眼体视阈值较戴镜者高…     

准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术与激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗中低度近视的对比

目的对准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（ｐｈｏｔｏｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｋｅｒａｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ，ＰＲＫ）和准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（ｌａｓｅｒａｓｓｉｓｔｅｄｉｎｓｉｔｕｋｅｒａｔｏｍｉｌｌｅｕｓｉｓ，ＬＡＳＩＫ）治疗中、低度近视的疗效进行前瞻性对比研究。材料和方法术前屈光度为－１．２５～－６．００Ｄ的近视５６９只眼，其中１３７只眼接受ＬＡＳＩＫ手术，４３２只眼接受ＰＲＫ手术，随访６－１６个月（平均８．９±２．６个月）。在术后１周、１个月、３个月、６个月和１２个月复查。结果ＬＡＳＩＫ组术后屈光状态较ＰＲＫ稳定，回退幅度较ＰＲＫ小，术后６个月时，ＬＡＳＩＫ组和ＰＲＫ组分别有９４％和８７％屈光度在±１．００Ｄ内（ｐ＜０．０５），分别有８４％和７１％屈光度在±０．５０Ｄ以内（ｐ＜０．０１）。ＬＡＳＩＫ组术后视力恢复较ＰＲＫ快，术后１周的平均裸眼视力超过１．０，术后６个月时，ＬＡＳＩＫ和ＰＲＫ组中裸眼视力０．５或以上者分别占１００％和９４％（ｐ＜０．０１），裸眼视力１．０以上者分别占８６％和７２％（ｐ＜０．０１）。结论ＬＡＳＩＫ不仅适合治疗高度近视，也适合治疗中、低度近视。对于中、低度近视，ＬＡＳＩＫ的疗效优于ＰＲＫ。     

儿童瞬目症100例临床分析

门诊工作中,常遇到儿童无意识频繁瞬目为主要症状病例,为查其病因,本文对１００例频繁瞬目儿童视力、结膜、角膜及屈光状态进行初步观察,现总结如下。１资料与方法 本文１００例均为近１年来门诊患儿,均为家人发现近期无意识频繁瞬目而就诊。男８０例女２０例,就诊年龄５～１２岁,平均８．５岁。对患儿进行视力、眼位、结膜、角膜并１％阿托品散瞳验光检查,结膜及角膜进行荧光素染色裂隙灯显微镜检查。２结果２．１　视力　裸眼视力：≥１．０,７５例１５０只眼（占７５％）,０．３～０．５者２４只眼,０．６～０．９者２６只眼…     

放射状角膜切开术后屈光不正的早期改变

59例118只眼行放射状角膜切开术后屈光不正的早期改变进行分析。全部病例术前由专一验光师用睫状肌麻痹剂扩瞳检影验光，并根据其屈光不正情况将其分成轻、中、重度近视及复性近视散光4组。在术后第2周、3个月及9个月时分别再用同一方法验光。发现轻、中度近视组术后裸眼视力均明显提高，近视度明显减少，其屈光度变化在0．25～1．75D之间且保持较稳定状态；高度近视组在1．50～6．25D之间；复性近视散光组在0．50～2．50DCA之间；后两组且不稳定。     

儿童人工晶体植入手术的探讨

报告５３例６０眼２～１２岁儿童白内障摘出，人工晶体（ＩＯＬ）植入的手术结果。先天性白内障２３例２９眼，外伤性白内障３０例３１眼。Ⅰ期植入４２例４７眼，Ⅱ期植入１１例１３眼。术中前房发生纤维素性渗出反应占２１．７％，术后前房发生从絮状到膜性程度不等的纤维素性渗出占５３．３％。外伤性白内障较先天性白内障的反应重（Ｐ＜０．０５）。术后虹膜后粘连占３３．３％，瞳孔发生明显变形占１８．３％，瞳孔上移占１３．６％，瞳孔膜形成占６．７％，后囊膜混浊占３３．９％，人工晶体瞳孔夹持占６．７％，１例发生眼球萎缩。术后矫正视力≥０．５者占２５％，视力在０．１～０．４者占４５％，视力＜０．１者占１８．３％。伴有眼球震颤和斜视的患者术后视力在０．１～０．３以下。影响术后视力恢复的因素有：发生白内障的年龄，视觉刺激阻断持续时间，外伤性视网膜震荡，渗出性视网膜病变和角膜白斑等。我们认为，儿童ＩＯＬ植入尚需慎重。儿童ＩＯＬ植入的安全年龄，如何减轻术中和术后炎症反应和术后远期对眼球发育的影响均有待于今后进一步探讨。     

山东省冠县4～18岁学生屈光不正横断面研究

目的 调查山东省冠县4～18岁在校（园）学生屈光不正患病状况.方法 横断面调查研究.通过随机整群抽样从冠县幼儿园、小学、初中和高中随机抽取学生进行屈光不正现况调查.所有学生接受裸眼视力、矫正视力、散瞳验光、眼内压、眼前节、眼后节等检查.屈光不正与性别、年龄的关系采用二元Logistic回归模型进行分析.结果 共3 112例4～18岁在校（园）学生接受检查,其中完成散瞳验光检查3 111例,完成视力检查3 094例.近视患病率为31.3％ （95％CI：29.7％～33.0％）,年龄较大[OR：1.49 （95％CI：1.45～1.54）,P＜0.01]、女性[OR：1.31 （95％CI：1.09～1.57）,P＜0.01]和城镇学生[OR：2.54（95％CI：2.11～3.07）,P＜0.01]的近视患病率较高.高度近视总体患病率为1.4％ （95％CI：1.0％～1.8％）,散光的总体患病率为32.4％（95％CI：30.8％～34.0％）,屈光参差的总体患病率为6.2％（95％CI：5.4％～7.1％）,高度近视、散光和屈光参差患病率均呈现随年龄增长而上升的趋势（P＜0.01）,其中散光和屈光参差的患病率与居住地有关（P＜0.01）,但均与性别无关（P＞0.05）;远视患病率为8.2％（95％CI：7.2％～9.2％）,并随年龄增加而下降[OR：0.72（95％CI：0.68～0.76）;P＜0.01].较好眼裸眼视力≤20/40和≤20/200者分别有675例（21.8％）和85例（2.7％）.单眼或双眼裸眼视力≤20/40的880人中,837人（95.1％）是由于屈光不正导致的.结论 山东省冠县4～18岁在校（园）学生的视力损害主要由以近视为主的屈光不正导致,且呈现出随随年龄增加而上升的趋势.     

Tecnis ZMB00多焦点人工晶状体的临床应用疗效分析

目的　探讨ＴｅｃｎｉｓＺＭＢ００多焦点人工晶状体的临床应用效果。方法　对２０１２年３月至２０１３年７月行白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入的老年性白内障患者进行回顾性研究,其中多焦点组植入ＴｅｃｎｉｓＺＭＢ００非球面多焦点人工晶状体,共２８例（３５眼）;单焦点组植入ＴｅｃｎｉｓＺＡ９００３非球面单焦点人工晶状体,共３０例（３５眼）,对比２组患者术后１周、１个月、３个月裸眼远、近视力,矫正远、近视力及脱镜率。结果　术后２组患者裸眼远视力分别为０．３１±０．２３、０．２４±０．１９,差异无统计学意义（ｔ＝１．３８８,Ｐ＝０.１７０）;最佳矫正远视力分别为０．２２±０．１６、０．２０±０．１２,差异无统计学意义（ｔ＝０．５９２,Ｐ＝０．５５６）;最佳矫正近视力分别为０.４６±０.２３、０．５２±０．２３,差异无统计学意义（ｔ＝１．０９１,Ｐ＝０．２７９）。与单焦点组比较,多焦点组裸眼近视力、最佳矫正远视力下的近视力有明显优势,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０１）。多焦点组术后脱镜率８２．８％（２９／３５）,明显高于单焦点组５.７％（２／３５）,差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论　ＴｅｃｎｉｓＺＭＢ００多焦点人工晶状体可以提供良好的近视力,提高脱镜率,从而改善患者术后的生活质量。     

传统综合训练与智能化多维视觉训练对屈光不正性弱视的疗效对比及其影响因素研究

目的　研究传统综合训练与智能化多维视觉训练治疗屈光不正性儿童弱视的疗效差异以及相关影响因素。方法　选取２０１０年７月至２０１２年９月在我院眼科治疗的弱视儿童患者２００例,根据治疗方法的不同分为观察组（智能化多维视觉训练组,１００例）和对照组（传统综合训练治疗组,１００例）,分别给予智能化多维视觉训练和传统综合训练治疗,比较两组患儿的疗效及相关影响因素。结果　观察组治愈７０例,进步２７例,无效３例;对照组治愈３５例,进步４５例,无效２０例;观察组患儿的疗效显著优于对照组,差异有显著统计学意义（χ２＝２８．７３,Ｐ＜０．０１）。在远视患儿中,观察组的疗效显著优于对照组,差异有显著统计学意义（χ２＝１１．４３,Ｐ＜０．０１）,而２组近视和散光患儿疗效差异均无统计学意义（χ２＝０．１５９、０．５８３,均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。在３－６岁（χ２＝１０．３０,Ｐ＜０．０１）、＞６－９岁（χ２＝６．６６５,Ｐ＝０．０３６）两个年龄段,观察组患儿的疗效优于对照组,而２组＞９－１５岁患儿疗效差异并无统计学意义（χ２＝１．８９５,Ｐ＞０．０５）。在不同治疗时间内,观察组患儿治愈率显著高于对照组,差异有显著统计学意义（χ２＝２０．１４,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论　智能化多维训练相对于传统综合疗法,治疗屈光不正性弱视患儿疗效更佳,且患儿屈光不正类型、发病年龄及治疗时间明显影响疗效。     

江苏省阜宁县农村50岁及以上人群未矫正屈光不正流行病学调查

目的 分析江苏省阜宁县农村50岁及以上人群中未矫正屈光不正的患病率情况.方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法,在江苏省盐城阜宁县对50岁及以上农村人群进行视力和眼部检查.未矫正屈光不正的定义参照较好眼日常生活视力＜20/40,屈光矫正后视力提高≥2行的标准.定量资料采用均数±标准差表示,组间比较采用t检验;计数资料采用率或构成比表示,组间比较采用x2检验.应用logistic回归分析了解受检者不同年龄、性别等因素对未矫正屈光不正患病率的影响.结果 阜宁应调查6145人,实际接受调查5947人,受检率为96.8％.未矫正屈光不正2388人,患病率为40.2％.单纯近视、单纯远视、单纯散光和远视合并散光的未矫正屈光不正患病率分别为84.4％、84.2％、64.1％和100.0％.高龄(OR=1.07,P＜0.001)、女性(OR=1.38,P＜0.001)人群未矫正屈光不正患病率高,受教育程度方面则是初中、高中及以上人群较文盲人群未矫正屈光不正患病率低(OR =0.74,P=0.003;OR=0.55,P＜0.001).结论 江苏省阜宁县农村50岁及以上人群中,未矫正屈光不正患病率较高,是影响老年人视力的主要原因之一.     

Refractive error in children in an urban population in New Delhi

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of refractive error and related visual impairment in school-aged children in an urban population in New Delhi, India. METHODS: Random selection of geographically defined clusters was used to identify a sample of children 5 to 15 years of age. From December 2000 through March 2001, children in 22 selected clusters were enumerated through a door-to-door survey and examined at a local facility. The examination included visual acuity measurements, ocular motility evaluation, retinoscopy and autorefraction under cycloplegia, and examination of the anterior segment, media, and fundus. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refractive error of at least -0.50 D and hyperopia as +2.00 D or more. Children with reduced vision and a sample of those with normal vision underwent independent replicate examinations for quality assurance in four of the clusters. RESULTS: A total of 7008 children from 3426 households were enumerated, and 6447 (92.0%) examined. The prevalence of uncorrected, baseline (presenting), and best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or worse in the better eye was 6.4%, 4.9%, and 0.81%, respectively. Refractive error was the cause in 81.7% of eyes with vision impairment, amblyopia in 4.4%, retinal disorders in 4.7%, other causes in 3.3%, and unexplained causes in the remaining 5.9%. There was an age-related shift in refractive error from hyperopia in young children (15.6% in 5-year-olds) toward myopia in older children (10.8% in 15-year-olds). Overall, hyperopia was present in 7.7% of children and myopia in 7.4%. Hyperopia was associated with female gender. Myopia was more common in children of fathers with higher levels of education. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced vision because of uncorrected refractive error is a major public health problem in urban school-aged children in India. Cost-effective strategies are needed to eliminate this easily treated cause of vision impairment.     

深圳市小学初中学生视力发育及屈光状态流行病学调查

目的：了解深圳市小学初中学生视力及屈光状态,为近视防控提供科学±据。
　　方法：整群抽取深圳市5所小学学生(6737名)和3所中学初中学生(1925名)进行问卷调查,同时进行视力、眼前节、眼底、眼位和屈光状态检查。运用卡方检验分析视力不良的危险因素,并对不同性别和年级的近视率进行比较。
　　结果：深圳市5~16岁学生视力不良检出率67.0%,其中女性、高度近视家族史,连续看近时间过长和户外活动时间过短为学生视力不良的危险因素。8662例学生中正视眼、远视眼、散光眼和近视的检出率分别为15.1%、11.3%、11.0%、62.6%。随着年级增长,正视、远视、散光的检出率逐渐减小,近视检出率逐渐增多。其中小学6年级到初中一年级的近视增长无统计学意义,其余每相邻两个年级近视增长均有统计学意义(χ2=7.338~45.018, P<0.05);男生近视检出率为61.0%,女生的近视检出率为65.5%,且两者有统计学意义(χ2=17.180,P<0.05)。
　　结论：深圳市5~16岁学生视力不良检出率高,近视是主要原因。近视患病率随着年级逐渐上升,且发展越来越快,呈低龄化发展趋势。做好近视防治工作,对控制中小学生视力不良有重要意义。     

Refractive Error Study in Children: results from Mechi Zone, Nepal

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of refractive error and vision impairment in school age children in the terai area of the Mechi zone in Eastern Nepal. METHODS: Random selection of village-based clusters was used to identify a sample of children 5 to 15 years of age. Children in the 25 selected clusters were enumerated through a door-to-door household survey and invited to village sites for examination. Visual acuity measurements, cycloplegic retinoscopy, cycloplegic autorefraction, ocular motility evaluation, and anterior segment, media, and fundus examinations were done from May 1998 through July 1998. Independent replicate examinations for quality assurance monitoring took place in all children with reduced vision and in a sample of those with normal vision in seven villages. RESULTS: A total of 5,526 children from 3,724 households were enumerated, and 5,067 children (91.7%) were examined. The prevalence of uncorrected, presenting, and best visual acuity 0.5 (20/40) or worse in at least one eye was 2.9%, 2.8%, and 1.4%, respectively; 0.4% had best visual acuity 0.5 or worse in both eyes. Refractive error was the cause in 56% of the 200 eyes with reduced uncorrected vision, amblyopia in 9%, other causes in 19%, with unexplained causes in the remaining 16%. Myopia -0.5 diopter or less in either eye or hyperopia 2 diopters or greater was observed in less than 3% of children. Hyperopia risk was associated with female gender and myopia risk with older age. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of reduced vision is very low in school-age children in Nepal, most of it because of correctable refractive error. Further studies are needed to determine whether the prevalence of myopia will be higher for more recent birth cohorts.     

Uncorrected refractive error in Singapore teenagers

AIM: To study the prevalence rate of uncorrected refractive error and associated risk factors among Singapore schoolchildren aged 12-16 years (grade 7). METHODS: A cross sectional study of 628 participants (participation rate 99.8%) was conducted in two schools. An interviewer led questionnaire asking about sociodemographic variables and risk factors was administered. Refractive errors were measured using a table mounted autorefractor. Participants with habitual visual acuity (VA) of 0.2 logMAR or worse underwent subjective refraction. Uncorrected refractive error was defined as improvement of at least 0.2 logMAR in best corrected visual acuity after subjective refraction. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of uncorrected refractive error was 22.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 19.0% to 25.5%). The multivariate adjusted odds ratio of uncorrected refractive error in students with the lowest academic ability was 2.24 (95% CI 1.34 to 3.73). Increasing time interval since the last visit to an eye care provider increased the risk of uncorrected refractive error (trend p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Uncorrected refractive error was a significant problem among Singapore students aged 12-16 years (grade 7). Uncorrected refractive error was more common among students with low academic ability or those who had not visited an eye care provider for a long time.     

Refractive Error Study in Children: results from La Florida, Chile

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of refractive errors and vision impairment in school-age children in a suburban area (La Florida) of Santiago, Chile. METHODS: Random selection of geographically defined clusters was used to identify a representative sample of children 5 to 15 years of age. Children in the 26 selected clusters were enumerated through a door-to-door survey and invited to report to a community health clinic for examination. Visual acuity measurements, cycloplegic retinoscopy, cycloplegic autorefraction, ocular motility evaluation, and examination of the external eye, anterior segment, media, and fundus were done from April through August 1998. Independent replicate examinations of all children with reduced vision and a sample of those with normal vision were done for quality assurance monitoring in six clusters. RESULTS: A total of 6,998 children from 3,830 households were enumerated, and 5,303 children (75.8%) were examined. The prevalence of uncorrected, presenting, and best visual acuity 0.50 (20/40) or worse in at least one eye was 15.8%, 14.7%, and 7.4%, respectively; 3.3% had best visual acuity 0.50 or worse in both eyes. Refractive error was the cause in 56.3% of the 1,285 eyes with reduced vision, amblyopia in 6.5%, other causes in 4.3%, with unexplained causes in the remaining 32.9%. Myopia -0.50 diopter or less in either eye was present in 3.4% of 5-year-old children, increasing to 19.4% in males and 14.7% in females by age 15. Over this same age range, hyperopia 2.00 diopters or greater decreased from 22.7% to 7.1% in males and from 26.3% to 8.9% in females. Females had a significantly higher risk of hyperopia than males. CONCLUSIONS: Refractive error, associated primarily with myopia, is a major cause of reduced vision in school-age children in La Florida. More than 7% of children could benefit from the provision of proper spectacles. Efforts are needed to make existing programs that provide free spectacles for school children more effective. Further studies are needed to determine whether the upward trend in myopia continues far beyond 15 years of age.     

Prevalence of refractive errors among schoolchildren in Shiraz,Iran

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in Shiraz schoolchildren by age and gender. Methods: For this cross‐sectional study, random cluster sampling was carried out from students of the 2008–2009 academic year. After the initial interview, ophthalmic examinations including tests of visual acuity, non‐cycloplegic and cycloplegic refraction and binocular vision were performed. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent ≤?0.50 dioptre (D), hyperopia as ≥+2.0 D, and astigmatism as a cylinder refraction ≥0.75 D. All values for school grade and gender were directly standardized based on the total student population in the 2008–2009 school year. Results: A total of 2130 students were sampled, of which 1872 participated in the study (response rate = 87.88%). The prevalence of uncorrected, best‐corrected, presenting and spectacle corrected visual acuity of 6/12 or worse in the better eye was 6.46%, 0%, 1.49% and 0.9%, respectively. The prevalence rates of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism were 4.35% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.89–5.82%), 5.04% (95% CI: 3.50–6.58%), and 11.27% (95% CI: 9.81–12.74%), respectively. Anisometropia was detected in 2.58% of schoolchildren. The prevalence of hyperopia significantly decreased with age (P = 0.021). Conclusions: Compared with other reported rates, the prevalence of myopia in the schoolchildren of Shiraz is similar to that in most places excluding East Asian countries, and that of hyperopia is in the mid range.     

Myopia prevalence in a population-based childhood visual impairment study in North India - CHVI-2

Purpose:The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of myopia at the community level.Methods:A population-based, cross-sectional study was planned in 40 clusters among children identified with subnormal vision in the urban community of Delhi. House-to-house visits were conducted for visual acuity screening of 20,000 children aged 0–15 years using age appropriate visual acuity charts. All the children with visual acuity of < 6/12 in any eye in the age group between 3 and 15 years and inability to follow light in age group 0–3 years were referred for detailed ophthalmic examination.Results:A total of 13,572 (64.7%) children belonged to the age group of 6–15 years. Of these, a total of 507 (3.7%) were found to be having myopia (spherical equivalent of -0.50 DS or worse in one or both eyes) with positive association with higher age groups.Conclusion:The estimated prevalence of myopia is 3.7%; the proportion of uncorrected myopia was 45%, which reflects that refractive error services need to be improved further.