髋臼及骨盆骨折患者术前深静脉血栓形成的影响因素

目的探讨影响髋臼及骨盆骨折患者术前深静脉血栓(DVT)形成的危险因素。方法回顾性分析287例髋臼及骨盆骨折患者临床资料及术前DVT检查结果,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析进行术前DVT危险因素分析。结果 287例手术患者术前37例检出DVT,发生率为12.89%。DVT组年龄40岁以上各组比例明显高于非血栓患者(P<0.05),术前卧床时间30d以上比例最高(P<0.05),合并高凝状态疾病组、合并其他创伤组、高能创伤组、吸烟组比例明显高于非血栓患者(P<0.05),D-D二聚体<500μg/L、术前抗凝预防措施组比例明显低于非血栓患者(P<0.05)。年龄、合并高凝状态、合并其他创伤、D-D二聚体水平是术前DVT形成的独立危险因素(P<0.05),术前抗凝预防措施是保护因素(P<0.05)。结论髋臼及骨盆骨折患者术前存在较高DVT形成风险,并与年龄增长、D-D二聚体水平升高、高凝状态及合并其他创伤密切相关,应加强重点人群的预防和筛查,术前低分子肝素抗凝预防治疗能有效降低DVT发生,但应结合出血风险,制定合理预防干预方法。     

食管癌术后患者血栓并发症发生的危险因素及预防性护理

目的探讨食管癌术后血栓相关并发症发生的危险因素及护理预防措施。方法回顾分析我院2011年2月至2014年3月于我院进行食管癌根治术120例患者为研究组A,根据患者术后是否出现下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)分为血栓组(30例)、非血栓组(90例),比较两组年龄、性别、术式选择、实验室指标、合并症、AJCC肿瘤分期、术后抗凝措施、实验室凝血指标等资料的差异,并进行多因素Logistic回顾分析影响患者术后血栓并发症发生的独立危险因素,根据危险因素拟定护理计划。结果研究组A单因素分析,基线资料比较中,血栓组平均年龄明显高于非血栓组,且心血管疾病、肝功能异常、骨折、糖尿病、手术方式、术后预防血栓及治疗依从性所占比例明显高于非血栓组(P 0. 05);血栓组D-D、Fbg水平明显高于非血栓组(P 0. 05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、肝功能异常、D-D是独立危险因素,术后预防血栓、治疗依从性优良等因素是保护因素。结论年龄、肝功能异常、D-D是影响食管癌术后静脉血栓的独立危险因素,术后预防血栓、治疗依从性是保护因素,临床护理中可根据上述危险因素拟定相应护理计划,降低DVT的发生率。     

抗凝时间对老年髋部骨折患者围术期深静脉血栓发生率的影响

目的 探讨抗凝时间对老年髋部骨折患者围术期深静脉血栓(DVT)发生率的影响。方法 以120例髋部骨折患者为对象,据开始抗凝时间分为A组(n=40,受伤后入院开始抗凝时间在24 h内)、B组(n=40,抗凝时间在伤后至入院24～48 h)、C组(n=40,抗凝时间在伤后至入院48 h或术前12 h)。对比三组DVT发生率,并分析影响DVT发生的危险因素。结果 A组DVT发生率低于B组、C组(P<0.05);B组DVT发生率与C组比较无差异(P>0.05)。单因素分析显示DVT组与非DVT组性别、骨折类型、高血压、糖尿病、血红蛋白(Hb)比较无差异(P> 0.05);两组年龄、手术方式、D二聚体(D-D)水平比较差异显著(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=1.365)、D-D(OR=1.256)与髋部骨折患者围术期DVT的发生关系密切(P<0.05)。结论 抗凝时机越早髋部骨折的发生率越低,年龄及D-D与髋部骨折患者围术期并发DVT关系密切。     

凝血功能指标与创伤性骨折患者术后深静脉血栓形成的关系

目的探讨凝血功能指标与创伤性骨折患者术后深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的关系。方法以100例创伤性骨折患者为对象,检测患者凝血指标,并分析其与患者发生DVT的关系。结果100例创伤性骨折患者术后22例(22.00%)患者发生DVT。DVT组与非DVT组凝血时间(CT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(a PTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)水平比较无差异(P>0.05);DVT组D二聚体(D-D)、凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物(TAT)、血小板计数(PLT)水平高于非DVT组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示TAT(OR=24.872)、D-D(OR=142.152)是创伤性骨折患者术后发生DVT的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论创伤性骨折患者术后并发DVT患者D-D、PLT、TAT水平呈现高表达,其中D-D、TAT为术后DVT发生的独立危险因素。     

血栓弹力图参数联合D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原对老年髋部骨折患者深静脉血栓形成的预测研究

目的 分析血栓弹力图参数联合血浆D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)对老年髋部骨折患者深静脉血栓(DVT)形成的预测价值。方法 选取2021年1月至12月四川大学华西医院创伤医学中心收治的老年髋部骨折患者的临床资料285例进行回顾性分析,根据是否发生DVT分为DVT组72例和无DVT组213例,比较两组患者术后血栓弹力图参数和术前、术后1 d,术后3d血浆FIB、D-D水平;采用Logistic回归模型分析影响老年髋部骨折患者术后DVT发生的危险因素;绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),以曲线下面积(AUC)评价上述指标单独及联合预测老年髋部骨折患者并发DVT的效能。结果 老年髋部骨折DVT发生率为25.26%;术后1 d血浆D-D、术后3 d D-D、FIB及血栓弹力图参数DVT组均高于无DVT组,差异有统计学意义((印)P(正)<0.05);年龄、体质指数、术后1 d D-D、术后3 d FIB、术后3 d D-D、血栓弹力图参数为影响老年髋部骨折患者术后DVT发生的独立危险因素((印)P(正)<0.05);术后血栓弹力图参数和血浆D-D、FIB联合预测DVT的敏感...     

子宫肌瘤术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的危险因素及预防对策

目的探讨子宫肌瘤术后下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的危险因素及预防对策。方法以60例子宫肌瘤患者为对象,记录患者术后下肢DVT发生率,分析其发生下肢DVT的危险因素。结果60例接受手术治疗的子宫肌瘤患者术后6例(10.00%)发生下肢DVT。其中左下肢3例,右下肢4例,双下肢10例。DVT组与非DVT组在年龄、术前合并症、麻醉方式、术后抗凝、术后卧床时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间(aPTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)方面比较差异显著(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示年龄(OR=1.089)、术前合并症(OR=1.623)、术后卧床时间(OR=1.464)、麻醉方式(OR=2.903)未影响子宫肌瘤患者术后发生下肢DVT的独立危险因素。结论子宫肌瘤患者术后下肢DVT发生率较高,年龄、术前合并症、术后卧床时间、麻醉方式为患者术后下肢DVT发生的危险因素,临床应针对以上因素积极预防。     

下肢创伤骨折患者健侧肢体深静脉血栓发生特点及危险因素分析

目的:探究下肢创伤骨折患者健侧肢体深静脉血栓(DVT)发生特点及其危险因素。方法:回顾性分析511例接受手术治疗的下肢创伤性骨折患者临床资料。统计分析患者年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、骨折部位、合并症、创伤至手术时间、手术至出院时间、ASA分级、补液量、D-二聚体(D-D)水平、DVT发生时间、位置及首发症状等资料。分析影响健侧DVT发生的危险因素。结果:511例患者健侧DVT发生率为4.89%,主要发生于创伤3 d后(24.00%)和术后3 d(48.00%)内,以远端血栓为主(80.00%),疼痛或伴发热和肿胀发硬为其首发临床症状。患者年龄、骨折部位、创伤至手术时间、术后1 d D-D水平均是影响健侧下肢DVT形成的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:下肢创伤骨折患者住院期间健侧肢体具有较高DVT发生风险,疼痛或伴发热和肿胀发硬为其首发临床症状,年龄、骨折部位、创伤至手术时间、术后1 d D-D水平均是影响健侧下肢DVT形成的独立危险因素,临床需加强对该类患者的围术期管理,预防DVT发生。     

重症脑梗死患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的危险因素及预防

目的探讨重症脑梗死患者下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的危险因素及预防措施。方法以120例重症脑梗死患者为对象,采用Logistic回归分析影响患者发生DVT的因素并针对性给予预防。结果 DVT组与非DVT组在卧床时间、NIHSS评分、机械通气时间、静脉穿刺、抗凝药物、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、PT、Fbg及D-D方面比较存在差异(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示卧床时间(OR=2.405)、机械通气时间(OR=3.865)、静脉穿刺(OR=2.132)、抗凝药物(OR=2.244)、HDL-C(OR=0.673)及D-D(OR=3.525)与重症脑梗患者发生DVT密切相关。IPC组、LMWH组、联合组DVT发生率低于常规组(χ~2=4.356,P=0.037;χ~2=4.356,P=0.037;χ~2=10.417,P=0.001)。结论卧床时间、机械通气时间、静脉穿刺、抗凝药物、HDL-C及D-D与重症脑梗患者发生DVT密切相关,在患者入院时对患者进行危险因素评估,给予针对性的预防,可降低DVT的发生。     

血常规、凝血指标对神经外科手术患者术后深静脉血栓形成的预测效能

目的探讨血常规、凝血指标对神经外科手术患者术后深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的预测效能。方法以150例神经外科手术患者为对象,根据DVT发生情况将患者分为DVT组和非DVT组。检测患者血常规及凝血指标,并分析其与患者DVT的关系。结果DVT组红细胞计数、血红蛋白、活化部分凝血酶原时间(a PTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(PT)水平低于非DVT组(P<0.05),中性粒细胞计数、D二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)高于非DVT组(P<0.05);两组白细胞计数、血小板计数比较未见差异(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示中性粒细胞计数(OR=3.401,95%CI:1.372~13.420,P<0.001)、D-D(OR=2.530,95%CI:1.103~7.943,P=0.026)为神经外科手术患者术后发生DVT的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。中性粒细胞计数预测神经外科手术患者术后发生DVT的AUC、敏感度、特异性、最佳截断点分别为0.859、76.67%、88.33%、6.53109/L。D-D预测神经外科手术患者术后发生DVT的AUC、敏感度、特异性、最佳截断点分别为0.925、90.00%、85.00%、5.02 mg/L。结论神经外科患者术后DVT的发生与中性粒细胞计数及D-D密切相关,二者预测患者发生DVT的效能较高。     

老年髋部骨折患者下肢深静脉血栓形成危险因素分析及其转归

目的 观察老年髋部骨折后下肢深静脉血栓发生的特点,分析血栓发生的危险因素。 方法 2012年10月-2016年4月在义乌市中心医院骨科治疗的老年髋部骨折患者共60例。其中,股骨颈骨折28例,转子间骨折32例。患者在术前及术后3 d和7 d分别行双下肢静脉彩色多普勒超声血流显像(CDFI)检查,观察下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)形成情况,以年龄、性别、骨折类型、入院至手术时间和骨折至手术时间为变量进行患者术前DVT危险因素分析,以年龄、性别、骨折类型、入院至手术时间、骨折至手术时间、麻醉方法、麻醉时间、手术方法和手术时间为变量进行术后DVT危险因素分析。 结果 60例老年髋部骨折患者中,出现下肢DVT 21例(35.0%)。其中9例(15.0%)为术前血栓,12例(20.0%)为术后血栓。86.7%的DVT发生于骨折侧。转子间骨折发生术后DVT的风险是股骨颈骨折的5.977倍(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,骨折类型是老年髋部骨折后下肢深静脉血栓发生的独立危险因素(OR=5.977,P<0.05)。 结论 老年髋部骨折患者围手术期患肢DVT发生率高于健侧;转子间骨折为术后DVT的危险因素;术前即有较高的DVT发生率,因此入院后应尽早行CDFI检查以便及时发现和处理DVT。      

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.