骨盆、髋关节

经骶骨纵向固定融合治疗创伤性腰骶脱位；Chiari截骨术治疗成人髋发育不良的远期随访；强直性脊柱炎的人工全髋关节置换术(附18例／31髋中期随访分析)；髋臼骨折的实用分型与治疗选择；髋关节发育不良患者全髋关节置换术的髋臼中心化；股骨近端缩短及全髋置换术治疗陈旧股骨颈骨折伴严重髋关节脱位；全髋关节置换治疗陈旧性髋臼骨折合并髋关节脱位的临床观察；全髋关节置换治疗髋臼骨折；老年患者髋部骨折治疗方法的选择与预后探讨；强直髋的全髋关节置换术；金属钛网联合颗粒骨打压植骨治疗髋臼骨缺损。     

生物型和骨水泥型股骨假体全髋关节置换术治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折的临床效果对比

目的：对比老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折使用生物型股骨假体柄与骨水泥型股骨假体柄行全髋关节置换术治疗效果。方法对本组进行老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折100例（100髋）进行的全髋关节置换术根据手术方式分为A组（股骨假体柄骨水泥型全髋关节置换术,60髋）, B组（股骨假体柄生物型全髋关节置换术,40髋）。对比两组髋关节功能、关节活动度、髋关节影像学特点及术后疼痛情况。结果老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折行全髋关节置换术,采用生物型股骨假体柄与骨水泥型股骨假体柄的全髋关节置换术临床疗效对比差异显著（ P＜0.05）。结论对于老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折行全髋关节置换术,应用骨水泥型者股骨假体柄术后近期疗效明显优于生物型,但它有诱发深静脉血栓栓塞和骨水泥危象的风险。     

人工股骨头置换术与全髋关节置换术治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折的远期疗效观察

目的探讨人工股骨头置换术与全髋关节置换术治疗年龄70岁老年移位股骨颈骨折的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析自1995-02—2002-02诊治的252例老年(年龄70岁)移位股骨颈骨折,137例行骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术治疗(半髋组),115例行全髋关节置换术治疗(全髋组)。以术后12年为随访截点,观察并比较2组的远期疗效,疗效评定标准:①假体生存率;②假体脱位发生率;③髋关节翻修率;④改良髋关节功能Harris评分。结果术后12年随访时,半髋组32例(23.3%)存活,全髋组18例(15.4%)存活,2组假体生存率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。半髋组与全髋组在随访期间均未出现假体脱位及髋关节翻修情况,假体脱位发生率与髋关节翻修率均为0。术后12年随访时半髋组改良髋关节功能Harris评分为(70.3±16.3)分,全髋组为(69.3±20.0)分,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论人工股骨头置换术与全髋关节置换术治疗老年移位股骨颈骨折的远期疗效无明显差异,建议对年龄70岁、不合并髋关节骨性关节炎及类风湿性关节炎的患者行骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术治疗。     

生物型翻修加长柄在人工全髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的探讨生物型翻修加长柄治疗全髋关节置换术后股骨假体松动伴股骨骨缺损的早期疗效。方法对15例(15髋)全髋关节置换术后股骨假体松动伴股骨骨缺损采用生物型翻修加长柄治疗,对于骨缺损采用自体或同种异体颗粒骨植骨,自体大块髂骨结构性植骨,使用钢丝、钢缆固定。结果术后髋关节疼痛消失,关节功能改善。15例获随访6~22个月,平均18个月。末次随访时未发现假体周围骨折及假体远端出现新透亮带,Harris评分平均89.8分。结论人工全髋关节翻修术中使用生物型翻修加长柄治疗股骨假体松动伴股骨骨缺损早期疗效可靠,但远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

应用组配式S-ROM假体行初次全髋关节置换术治疗严重髋关节发育不良

[目的]探讨应用非骨水泥型组配式S-ROM假体行初次全髋关节置换术治疗严重髋关节发育不良的近期疗效。[方法]对18例(19髋)严重髋关节发育不良患者应用S-ROM假体行初次全髋关节置换术。其中男性6例,女性12例,平均年龄32岁。按Crowe分型,CroweⅢ型11例11髋,CroweⅣ型7例8髋。手术采用在真臼位置磨锉加深重建髋臼,股骨侧选用S-ROM组配式假体,复位困难者行转子下截骨。术前和术后随访时应用Harris髋关节评分(Harris hip score,HHS)和影像学检查对髋关节功能进行评估。[结果]术中1例股骨近端裂缝骨折,用双股钢丝环扎固定。术后有2例出现坐骨神经牵拉症状,术后3个月内完全恢复。所有患者均得到有效随访,有1例患者大转子上方发生异位骨化,但不影响关节活动度,未发现感染、骨质溶解、假体松动、脱位等并发症。平均随访2.8年(6个月~5年)。HHS评分由术前平均38.4分增加到末次随访时的85.2分。[结论]S-ROM假体是治疗严重髋关节发育不良的理想选择,近期效果良好。     

Ⅰ期全髋置换治疗严重髋关节骨性关节炎伴股骨近端骨折

目的:探讨Ⅰ期全髋置换治疗严重髋关节骨性关节炎伴股骨近端骨折的疗效及预后。方法:2014年7月至2017年10月,采用Ⅰ期全髋置换治疗8例严重的终末期髋关节疾病伴股骨近端骨折患者,男6例,女2例;年龄59～72岁,平均65岁;右侧股骨头坏死伴右侧股骨近端骨折4例,左侧股骨头坏死伴左侧股骨近端骨折3例,左侧髋臼发育不良伴左侧股骨近端骨折1例。患者受伤至手术时间平均7 d。8例患者均采用生物型加长柄人工髋关节假体。结果:8例Ⅰ期全髋置换患者术后均获得随访,随访时间12～48个月,平均31个月。随访期间假体无松动、下沉,Harris评分从术前平均33分(22～42分)提高到末次随访时平均87分(82～90分),其中优3例,良5例。术后3个月弃拐行走,术后3～6个月X线片显示骨折愈合良好,患者髋关节疼痛和功能明显改善,生活质量得到极大提高。结论:严重的髋关节骨性关节炎伴股骨近端骨折患者采取Ⅰ期全髋关节置换具有缩短治疗时间、减轻患者痛苦、减少住院费用、预后效果好等优点。     

人工全髋置换治疗老年股骨近端骨折

目的：分析和评价应用人工全髋置换术治疗老年股骨近端骨折的方法及疗效。方法：回顾应用人工全髋置换手术治疗老年股骨近端骨折22例，其中股骨颈骨折16例，股骨头、粗隆部骨折各3例。结果：22例平均随访时间14个月(9—66个月)，无1例感染，无关节严重疼痛、功能障碍及DVT发生，无术后关节早期脱位，无假体松动、断裂、下沉等并发症发生，无1例因手术并发症死亡。Harris评分平均由术前的28．2分恢复到术后的84．6分。结论：人工全髋置换术是一种治疗老年股骨近端骨折安全有效的方法，但应严格掌握其手术适应证。     

骨保留型股骨柄结合小切口治疗铰链型膝关节置换术后老年股骨颈骨折

目的研究Tri-Lock骨保留型股骨柄假体结合小切口治疗铰链型膝关节置换术后老年股骨颈骨折的可行性和疗效。方法自2011年2月至2014年7月解放军第180医院骨科采用Tri-Lock骨保留型股骨柄假体结合小切口治疗铰链型膝关节置换术后老年股骨颈骨折8例,采用Harris髋关节评分对髋关节功能进行评估。采用Gruen股骨分区法将股骨近端分为7个区,根据X线片进行记录及分析,判断是否存在骨溶解及假体松动。结果本组8例患者术后随访13~38个月,平均(25±3)个月。术后无感染、深静脉血栓、切口延迟愈合、假体脱位、假体周围骨折及大腿疼痛。术前髋关节功能评分(Harris评分)为3~12分,平均(8±3)分;差:8例。术后12个月Harris评分为85~99分,平均(91±5)分;优7例,良1例。手术前后Harris评分差异具有统计学意义(t=23.478,P0.01)。随访期间Gruen 1~7区均未出现骨溶解及假体松动。结论采用Tri-Lock骨保留型股骨柄假体结合小切口治疗铰链型膝关节置换术后老年股骨颈骨折能达到创伤小、早期行功能锻炼、髋关节功能恢复快的目的,并避免对膝关节假体、骨水泥及骨水泥帽造成干扰,适用于骨质疏松患者,能获得满意疗效。     

嵌压植骨在强直性脊柱炎全髋关节置换术治疗中的应用

[目的]探讨自体骨嵌压植骨在非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎合并髋关节病变中应用的临床效果。[方法]1996年3月-2003年3月，采用自体骨嵌压植骨非骨水泥型全髋关节置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎合并股骨侧严重骨质疏松的髋关节病变17例（24髋）。手术时平均年龄35．1岁（20．52岁）；采用Harris评分方法及X线片观察进行临床疗效评定。[结果]17例患者24髋获得了完整随访，随访时间3—10年，平均7．25年。Harris评分从术前平均34分提高到术后平均84．4分，术后优良率87．5％。X线片见股骨假体与股骨近段紧密压配；无假体感染及脱位。1髋出现5mm的假体下沉，发生于术后1年内，经过5年以上随访观察，假体未进一步下沉，并与骨质接触良好，目前无松动表现。[结论]骨质量对非骨水泥假体置换的疗效影响较大，采用自体骨嵌压植骨技术进行骨质重建，为强直性脊柱炎合并严重骨质疏松患者全髋关节置换术提供了一种很好的解决方法，临床效果满意。     

终末髋病伴陈旧性粗隆下骨折加长柄全髋置换术

[目的]介绍终末髋病伴陈旧性股骨粗隆下骨折加长生物柄全髋置换术的手术技术和临床效果。[方法] 2021年本科收治1例终末期股骨头坏死合并陈旧性股骨粗隆下骨折患者，采用远端固定型加长生物柄行人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）治疗。全麻后取后外侧入路，二次截骨法取出股骨头，先置换髋臼侧，再暴露股骨粗隆下骨折端，复位后采用钢板及钢丝临时固定骨折端，加长生物柄置入后取出钢板及远端钢丝，近端钢丝加压固定骨折。[结果]患者顺利接受手术，术后影像显示髋关节假体位置良好。术后1周即可扶助行器自行下地活动，左髋关节Harris评分77分，疗效满意。[结论]加长生物柄全髋关节置换术是治疗终末髋病伴陈旧性股骨粗隆下骨折的有效方法。     

The methods of shorting proximal femoral and total hip arthroplasty for Crowe IV dysplastic hip of adults

OBJECTIVES: To discuss the methods and outcome of shorting proximal femoral and total hip arthroplasy for Crowe IV dysplastic hip of adults. METHODS: From July 2000 to February 2006, 13 cases of osteoarthritis secondary to severe development dysplastic hip were treated by total hip replacement and the shorting proximal femoral. RESULTS: The duration of follow-up ranged from 4 months to 55 months. The average score increased from 36.9 to 84.1 points after the surgery according to Harris. All the patients could walk independently. Their paces were improved obviously and the function of their hips was satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment by total hip arthroplasy and the shorting of posterior femoral is effective and efficient for osteoarthritis secondary to Crowe IV development dysplastic hip in adults. The long-term followup is necessary for further study.     

股骨近端Z形短缩截骨全髋置换术治疗成人CroweⅣ型发育性髋关节脱位

目的 探讨股骨近端Z形短缩截骨全髋置换术治疗CroweⅣ型成人髋关节发育不良的手术方法和临床疗效.方法 2000年7月至2006年2月,对13例CroweⅣ型成人发育性髋关节脱位继发骨关节炎患者行全髋关节置换术,同时采用股骨近端Z形短缩截骨.回顾性分析13例患者的临床资料,其中左髋9例,右髋4例.术前Harris评分36.9分.结果 所有患者均获得随访,随访时间4～55个月,平均32个月.Harris评分术后增加至84.1分.患者均能自行下地行走,步态明显改善,髋关节功能良好.结论 股骨近端Z形短缩截骨及全髋关节置换术是治疗Crowe Ⅳ型成人髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎的有效方法,但手术难度大.其后期疗效有待进一步随访观察.     

Three part posterior fracture dislocation of the hip without fracture of the femoral head: review of literature and a case report

This case report describes a rare posterior dislocation of the hip with fractures of the ipsilateral femoral neck and greater trochanter, without fracture of the femoral head, in a young adult male following a railway accident. This patient was managed within 6h of injury by open reconstruction. This unusual injury has not been reported previously. Cases of posterior fracture dislocation of the hip with a fracture of the femoral neck without fracture of the femoral head were reviewed from the literature. Mechanism of injury, controversies regarding operative procedures and appropriate surgical approach are discussed. The authors also believe that this injury pattern merits inclusion in the existing classification system of fracture dislocation of hip for management and prediction of outcome.     

微创小切口髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床研究

目的探讨侧前方入路微创小切口髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的可行性。方法2003年2月至2007年3月，采用前外侧小切口对59例59髋行髋关节置换术，其中48为新鲜骨折，11例为陈旧骨折。49例患者行全髋关节置换术，10例患者行单纯股骨头置换术。患者取平卧位，患侧半边臀部略悬空于手术床边，使臀大肌及臀部软组织自然下垂，患侧下肢内收10°，使大粗隆突出部份充分暴露；股骨颈及大粗隆暴露后，先截骨清除股骨颈残端，再前脱位取出股骨头；术毕伤口不放引流，弹力绷带臀部以下均匀包扎。结果手术切口长度7—9cm，平均8cm；手术时间50～70min，平均62min；出血量150～420ml，平均300ml；无严重并发症，3～11d部分负重行走。全部患者获得6—49个月的随访。Harris评分优52例，良6例，中1例，优良率达98％。结论侧前方微创小切口全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折可行，具有创伤小、出血少、安全、并发症少、恢复快等优点。     

Posterior dislocation of the hip joint with fracture of both the femoral head and neck

Fracture of both the femoral head and neck associated with posterior hip dislocation is a rare injury. This report describes a rare case of fracture-dislocation of the hip joint with a separated femoral head with a residual fragment in the acetabulum, and a subcapital fracture. We performed open reduction with internal fixation immediately after the injury. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head was detected one year after the surgery, however this patient had no symptoms related to the hip joint.     

人工髋关节置换术后翻修病例分析

目的分析人工髋关节置换术后翻修的原因,评价全髋翻修术的临床效果。方法本组33例34髋。初次关节置换类型:全髋置换21例,双杯髋关节置换1例,人工股骨头置换11例。翻修原因:无菌性松动23例24髋,髋臼位置不良1例1髋,股骨头置换后髋臼磨损5例5髋,感染4例4髋。翻修距初次手术时间:1年以内5髋,1～2年1髋,5～10年18髋,10～13年10髋。翻修假体类型:非骨水泥型假体20髋,混合型假体7髋,骨水泥型假体7髋。结果平均随访3.5年。1例术后半年发生股骨柄松动进行再翻修,其余病例假体保留,优良率为82.4%。结论翻修的最常见原因为无菌性松动,人工股骨头置换时髋臼磨损也是翻修原因之一,对较年轻的股骨颈骨折患者,如行假体置换,最好采用全髋关节置换。翻修术采用非骨水泥型假体较好。     

Dislocation of total hip replacement in patients with fractures of the femoral neck: A prospective cohort study of 713 consecutive hips

Background Total hip replacement is increasingly used in active, relatively healthy elderly patients with fractures of the femoral neck. Dislocation of the prosthesis is a severe complication, and there is still controversy regarding the optimal surgical approach and its influence on stability. We analyzed factors influencing the stability of the total hip replacement, paying special attention to the surgical approach.Patients and methods We included 713 consecutive hips in a series of 698 patients (573 females) who had undergone a primary total hip replacement (n = 311) for a non-pathological, displaced femoral neck fracture (Garden III or IV) or a secondary total hip replacement (n = 402) due to a fracture-healing complication after a femoral neck fracture. We used Cox regression to evaluate factors associated with prosthetic dislocation after the operation. Age, sex, indication for surgery, the surgeon’s experience, femoral head size, and surgical approach were tested as independent factors in the model.Results The overall dislocation rate was 6%. The anterolateral surgical approach was associated with a lower risk of dislocation than the posterolateral approach with or without posterior repair (2%, 12%, and 14%, respectively (p < 0.001)). The posterolateral approach was the only factor associated with a significantly increased risk of dislocation, with a hazards ratio (HR) of 6 (2–14) for the posterolateral approach with posterior repair and of 6 (2–16) without posterior repair.Interpretation In order to minimize the risk of dislocation, we recommend the use of the anterolateral approach for total hip replacement in patients with femoral neck fractures.     

Friendly骨水泥股骨假体在老年股骨颈骨折假体置换术中的应用

目的探讨使用Friendly骨水泥股骨假体在老年股骨颈骨折假体置换中的应用。方法2002年6月～2004年6月我科因股骨颈骨折使用Friendly股骨假体行髋关节假体置换的老年患者(68～85岁)共31例,股骨假体固定采用第四代骨水泥技术,分析其临床效果。结果术后随访3个月,根据髋关节X线片,评价骨水泥质量A级29例、B级2例、无C、D级。所有患者均无髋关节脱位发生。所有患侧髋关节Trende-lenburg试验均为阴性。双下肢长度差异为(3.4±1.8)mm。术后3个月髋关节Harris评分为85±10。结论Friendly骨水泥股骨假体通过其在假体设计和假体固定上的改进可以比较好地解决老年人股骨颈骨折假体置换中所遇到的软组织平衡困难和假体固定困难等问题。     

Traumatic posterior fracture-dislocation of the hip with fracture of the femoral head or neck, or both

To determine the prognosis and best treatment for patients who have a posterior dislocation of the hip associated with a fracture of the femoral head or neck (Grade IV, according to the classification of Stewart and Milford), we surveyed the records of 201 patients who had been treated for 203 posterior dislocations from 1958 to 1985 and selected the cases of 19 patients (19 posterior fracture-dislocations of the hip) for further review. Each of the injuries had resulted from a motor-vehicle accident. Thirteen patients had had a posterior dislocation with an associated fracture of the femoral head located either caudad or cephalad to the fovea centralis (Pipkin Type-I or Type-II injury), one had had a posterior dislocation with associated fractures of the femoral head and neck (Pipkin Type III), two had had a posterior dislocation with associated fractures of the femoral head and the acetabular rim (Pipkin Type IV), and three had had a fracture-dislocation that we could not categorize according to the Pipkin classification. Twelve patients had been treated by closed reduction for a Type-I or Type-II injury; one, by open reduction after an unsuccessful closed reduction for a Type-I injury; one, by primary total hip replacement for a Type-III injury; and three, by open reduction with screw fixation of the acetabular fracture and removal of the fragment of the head for two Type-IV injuries and one unclassified injury. An additional two patients had had both a fracture of the femoral neck and a dislocation; one hip was treated primarily with a Moore prosthesis and the other was left unreduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Unusual combination of femoral head dislocation associated acetabular fracture with multipart femoral fractures: Case report

IntroductionTraumatic hip dislocation associated with femur intertrocanteric fracture is a rare and severe injury and it frequently occurs following a high energy trauma, Associated acetabular fractures with this injury are even more rare and potentially cause devastating consequences including avascular necrosis of the femoral head and subsequent early secondary osteoarthritis of the hip joint.Presentation of caseIn this case report, we present a 20 year old polytraumatized patient with traumatic hip dislocation associated with ipsilateral acetabulum fracture and simultaneous fractures of the ipsilateral femur.DiscussionTraumatic hip dislocation associated with femur intertrochanteric fracture is a rare and severe injury and it frequently occurs following a high energy trauma. In polytraumatized patients, musculoskeletal injuries are the most common lesions requiring surgical intervention frequently presenting challenging scenarios in terms of functional outcome and quality of life. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a serious and unpredictable complication that may occur after displaced femoral neck fracture and traumatic hip dislocation due to the disturbed blood supply of the femoral head.ConclusionA staged treatment strategy may be useful managing an unstable polytraumatized patient or a patient who requires prolonged transfer to receive definitive care.