Fragmented Left Sided QRS in Absence of Bundle Branch Block: Sign of Left Ventricular Aneurysm

Background: A left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) occurs between 3.5% and 9.4% of all cases of acute myocardial infarction. A fragmented left sided QRS (RSR` pattern or its variant RSr`, rSR`, or rSr`) without evidence of bundle branch block (QRS duration ≤120 ms) on the ECG may be associated with a significant myocardial scar, which is the characteristic of a LVA. We, therefore, postulate that fragmented QRS (RSR` pattern or its variant) in the left sided leads (I, aVL, V₃ to V₆) may be a useful sign of LVA. Methods: ECGs of 110 consecutive patients with LVA documented by left ventricular angiography (30° right anterior oblique view) was compared with 220 patients without LVA (110 patients with and 110 patients without coronary artery disease (CAD)), who were evaluated for CAD by symptoms and signs. Results: The sensitivity of the fragmented QRS for identification of LVA was 50% (55 of 110 patients) and specificity was 94.6% (209 of 220). Within the study population, the positive predictive value of the fragmented QRS for LVA was 83.3% (55 of 66) and the negative predictive value was 79.2% (209 of 264). Based on the range of prevalence of LVA in postmyocardial infarction population (3.5–9.4%) and on observed sensitivity and specificity, the positive predictive value of fragmented QRS for LVA after infarction can be estimated at 29–53% and the negative predictive value can be estimated at 95–98%. Conclusion: The sensitivity of fragmented QRS in left precordial leads for LVA was only 50%, whereas the specificity was 94.5%. It has a relatively low to moderate positive predictive value and high negative predictive value.     

The Effects of Simvastatin on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Essential Hypertension

This study is to evaluate the effects of Simvastatin on left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular function in patients with essential hypertension. Untreated or noncompliance with drug treatment patients with simple essential hypertension were treated with a therapy on the basis of using Telmisartan to decrease blood pressure (BP). There were 237 patients who had essential hypertension combined with left ventricular hypertrophy as diagnosed by echocardiography, taken after their BPs were decreased to meet the values of the standard normal. Among them, there were only 41 out of the original 237 patients, 17.3%, who had simple essential hypertension combined with left ventricular hypertrophy without any other co-existing disease. They were the patients selected for this study. All patients were randomly, indiscriminately divided into two groups: one was the control group (Group T), treated with the Telmisartan-based monotherapy; the other was the target group (Group TS), treated with the Telmisartan-based plus simvastatin therapy. The changes of left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular function were rediagnosed by echocardiography after 1 year. The results we obtained from this study were as follows: (i) The average BPs at the beginning of the study, of simple essential hypertension combined with left ventricular hypertrophy, were high levels (systolic blood pressure (SBP) 189.21 ± 19.91 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure 101.40 ± 16.92 mm Hg). (ii) The Telmisartan-based plus simvastatin therapy was significantly effective in lowering the SBP (128.26 ± 9.33 mm Hg vs. 139.22 ± 16.34 mm Hg). (iii) After the 1-year treatment, the parameters of left ventricular hypertrophy in both groups were improved. Compared to group T, there were no differences in the characteristics of the subjects, including interventricular septum, left ventricular mass, left ventricular mass index, ejection fraction, left atrium inner diameter at baseline. The patients’ interventricular septum (Group TS 10.30 ± 1.80 mm vs. Group T 10.99 ± 1.68 mm, P < .05), LVM (Group TS 177.43 ± 65.40 g vs. Group T 181.28 ± 65.09 g, P < .05), and LVMI (Group TS 100.97 ± 37.33 g/m² vs. Group T 106.54 ± 27.95 g/m², P < .05), all dropped more prominently (P < .05) in group TS; the ejection fraction rose more remarkably in group TS (Group TS: 57.50 ± 16.41% to 65.43 ± 11.60%, P < .01 while showing no change in Group T); the left ventricular hypertrophy reversed more significantly and the left ventricular systolic function improved more. (iv) The left atrium inner diameter of Group TS decreased (P < .01), the ratio of E/A, which indicates the left ventricular diastolic function, continued to drop further, showing no change to the trend of left ventricular diastolic function declination. Patients who have hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy usually suffer other accompanying diseases at the same time. Telmisartan-based plus Simvastatin treatment can significantly reduce SBP, reverse left ventricular hypertrophy, improve the left ventricular systolic function, but it has no effect on reversing the left ventricular diastolic function. This experiment indicated that Simvastatin can reverse left ventricular hypertrophy and improve left systolic function.     

超声观察高血压左室重构的临床意义

应用心脏超声按Ganau法对82例高血压患者的左室重构进行观察。结果显示:正常构形36例（占44％）;向心性重构6例（7％）;向心性肥厚11例（14％）和偏心性肥厚29例（35％）。     

高血压患者左室肥厚与冠脉狭窄程度的关系分析

目的　探讨高血压患者左心室肥厚 (LVH)与冠状动脉狭窄程度之间的相关关系。方法　顺序入选 10 4例住院高血压病患者 ,男 72例 ,女 32例 ,平均年龄 5 9 15± 7 6 8岁。 10 4例病人均进行冠状动脉造影 (CAG)检查 ,并常规进行空腹血糖 (GLU )、三酸甘油酯 (TG)、总胆固醇 (TC)、12导心电图 (ECG)以及超声心动图 (UCG)等检查 ,其中 5 9例病人做了活动平板运动试验 (TEST)。统计学处理采用Spearman等级相关和多元逐步回归法 ,分析LVH的程度与冠状动脉狭窄支数之间的相关关系。结果　Spearman法显示室间隔厚度 (IVST)、左室后壁厚度 (LVPWT)、左室质量指数 (LVMI)与CAG狭窄病变的支数间均有显著等级相关性 (r分别为 0 2 5 ,0 2 1和 0 2 4 ;P均 <0 0 1)。多元逐步回归分析显示 :TEST阳性、GLU、性别 (Sex)、TC、LVPWT以及LVMI与CAG呈显著相关性 (F分别为 7 4 1,8 16 ,7 36 ,6 5 5 ,5 5 5和 6 36 ;P分别为 0 0 0 2 1,0 0 0 2 8,0 0 2 77,0 0 4 0 3,0 0 0 5 7和0 0 0 98)。结论　提示高血压患者除Sex、TC、GLU、TEST结果阳性与冠脉狭窄病变间有显著相关性外 ,IVST、LVPWT以及LVMI与冠脉狭窄病变的支数间有明显的等级正相关 ,即左室壁越厚、LVMI越大者 ,冠脉狭窄累及的支数越多     

原发性高血压左心室肥厚与心律失常的关系

目的探讨原发性高血压(EH)病人左心室肥厚(LVH)与心律失常的关系.方法采用24 h动态心电图(DCG)、超声心动图(UCG)对156例EH病人进行检查并分组分析.结果LVH组室性心律失常和复杂室性心律失常的发生率显著高于非LVH组(P＜0.01);房性心律失常的发生率显著高于室性心律失常(P＜0.01).结论左心室肥厚是导致室性心律失常的危险因素之一.     

依那普利对高血压左室肥厚的逆转效应

本文对依那普利治疗原发性高血压时的左室肥厚逆转效应进行观察。根据心超LVMI分为肥厚组 (2 4例 )和非肥厚组 (13例 )。疗程 4周 ,剂量 10～ 40mg/d。结果显示左室肥厚的逆转效应在短期 (4周 )治疗后可出现 ,首先是IVST的下降。对左室无肥厚者起相反效应     

心电图QRS波振幅时间乘积诊断高血压左室肥厚的价值

心电图ＱＲＳ波振幅时间乘积诊断高血压左室肥厚的价值夏勇李东野曹延龄吴兰芬（徐州医学院附属医院心内科２２１００２）ＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｃａｒｄｉｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃＤｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓｏｆＬｅｆｔＶｅｎｔｒｉｃｕｌａｒＨｙｐｅｒｔｒｏｐｈｙｉｎＥｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌＨ...     

高血压左室肥厚患者冠状动脉血流储备研究

用电子计算机分析造影剂前缘移动平均速度和冠脉内径测定冠脉血流,发现高血压伴左室肥厚组（14例）静息时左前降支血流量和右冠脉血流速度、血流量高于血压正常对照组（26例）。注射罂粟碱后,高血压组两支血管的血流速度和血流量与对照组相似,但血流储备明显减低。因此,高血压左室肥厚患者的冠脉血流储备减低,可能与这些患者静息时冠脉血流增高有关。     

Effects of Perindopril on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Performance in Patients with Essential Hypertension

研究培哚普利对25例原发性高血压左室肥厚（LVH）的逆转效应及心功能的影响。疗程8周,剂量4～8mg,每日1次口服。结果显示,培哚普利降压疗效显著,LVH的逆转效应在短期（4周）治疗即可出现,8周后更为明显,左室重量指数（LV-MI）从143.2±21.3降至126.6±15.3g/m~2（P<0.001）,LV-MI降低主要由于空间隔及左室后壁厚度的减小所致,左室舒张末期内径无变化。左室收缩功能无变化,舒张功能（E/A）显著改善,E/A的增加百分率与LVMI的降低百分率呈正相关。研究表明,培哚普利每日1次口服短期可引起LVH的逆转伴有左室舒张功能的改善。     

单纯收缩期高血压患者左心室肥厚与室性心律失常的关系

目的探讨单纯收缩期高血压的病人左室肥厚与心律失常的关系。方法采用２４ｈ动态心电图和彩色多普勒超声观察患者左室肥厚及心律失常的发生情况，并观察单纯收缩期高血压与舒张期高血压左室结构改变。结果左室肥厚组室性心律失常发生率明显高于非左室肥厚组（Ｐ＞０．０１），单纯收缩期高血压组左室肥厚高于舒张期高血压组。结论左室肥厚可使室性心律失常发生率增加，收缩压增高较舒张压增高更易导致左室肥厚。     

原发性高血压患者左心室功能障碍与血清脑利钠肽水平的研究

目的　探讨原发性高血压 (EH)患者左心室功能障碍 (LVD)与血清脑利钠肽 (BNP)水平的关系。方法用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)方法检测 65例EH患者的血清BNP 3 2浓度 ,分为 4组 ,第 1组 :左心室功能正常且无左心室肥厚 (LVH) 18例 ;第 2组 :左心室功能正常但有LVH 16例 ;第 3组 :有LVD但无LVH 15例 ;第 4组 :即有LVH也有LVD 16例 ;并与健康成人3 0例作为正常对照组。结果　 (1) 1～ 4组、对照组的BNP水平分别为 (112 .8± 3 6 5)ng/L、(114 8± 41 2 )ng/L、(82 5 6±3 16 8)ng/L、(83 9 6± 3 4 2 4)ng/L和 (10 9 3± 3 7 6)ng/L。 3组和 4组的BNP水平分别显著高于 1组、2组与对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ;1组和 2组与对照组、1组与 2组、3组与 4组比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5)。 (2 )LVD患者中BNP水平在心功能不同分级之间有显著差异 ,与NYHA分级呈正相关 (r=0 73 5,P <0 0 1)。 (3 )血清BNP水平与EH患者年龄、性别、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、左室重量指数之间无明显相关。结论　高血压病合并左心室功能障碍的病人血清BNP水平显著升高而且与心功能分级呈正相关 ,而与左心室肥厚无关     

厄贝沙坦与非洛地平联用对高血压病左室肥厚的逆转作用

目的探讨厄贝沙坦、非洛地平联合用药对原发性高血压(EH)病人左室肥厚(LVH)的逆转作用.方法 EH伴LVH病人180例随机分为对照组(非洛地平每天10 mg,90例)和治疗组(厄贝沙坦每天75 mg加非洛地平每天5 mg,90例),治疗两周时若血压≥160/90 mmHg,则厄贝沙坦和非洛地平分别增加1倍,总疗程共6个月.治疗前后观察心率变化、24 h动态血压监测和彩色超声多普勒检测左室相关指标,计算左室重量指数(LVMI).结果两组治疗后均能显著降低LVMI(P＜0.01),且治疗组较对照组更为显著(P＜0.01);两组治疗前心率、24 h平均收缩压、平均舒张压比较无统计学意义(P＞0.05),治疗后24 h平均收缩压、平均舒张压较治疗前显著降低(P＜0.01),但治疗后两组间无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论厄贝沙坦与非洛地平联用逆转EH病人LVH效果较单用非洛地平疗效更为显著.     

高血压左室肥厚诊断的探讨

随机选择104例高血压患者（血压≥160／95mmHg）进行心电图（ECG）和超声心动图（UCG）检查。结果UCG左心室肥厚（LVH）检出率为76％，ECGLVH检出率为24％，ECGLVH患者的左心室重量指数（LVMI）显著增大，伴左心宝功能不全者的LVMI也明显增大，多元相关分析示LVMI与舒张末期左心室内径、室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度呈显著正相关（P＜0．001）。     

高血压左心室肥厚与脉压关系的临床观察

目的　探讨高血压病 (essentialhypertension ,EH)左心室肥厚 (leftventricularhypertrophy ,LVH)与脉压 (pulsepressure,PP)和大动脉内径变化的关系。方法　应用诊所血压测量和超声心动图检查 ,测量并计算 92例高血压患者脉压 ,左室重量指数及大动脉内径。分左室肥厚组和无左室肥厚组 ,分别进行统计学比较。结果　脉压和主动脉根部内径在高血压左室肥厚组和无左室肥厚组之间均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,左室重量指数与脉压 (r =0 3,P <0 0 1)和主动脉根部内径 (r =0 5 ,P <0 0 1)之间存在一定的正相关。结论　脉压和大动脉内径增大 ,提示大动脉顺应性下降 ,在高血压左室肥厚中起重要作用     

糖代谢紊乱对高血压左室肥厚的影响

目的测定高血压患者的糖代谢紊乱情况。方法采用多普勒超声心动图方法测量一组高血压伴与不伴糖尿病患者的左心室重量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）。结果高血压合并糖尿病组的ＬＶ－ＭＩ比单纯高血压组明显增加；空腹血糖与ＬＶＭＩ呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．８１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论提示糖代谢紊乱可能加重或促进高血压病患者的左心室肥厚     

Reduced Bone Mineral Density in Hypertensive Patients Is Associated with Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction,Not Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction are commonly observed in hypertensive patients, and have been demonstrated to be risk factors of chronic heart failure due to LV diastolic dysfunction. Recently, reduced bone mineral density has been found in hypertensive patients compared with healthy controls. However, relationships between bone mineral density and LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction have not been fully assessed. We examined relationships between bone mineral density and both LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in 38 hypertensive patients (23 males, 15 females; mean age 71 ± 8 y) who had been treated with antihypertensive drugs for at least 1 year. The bone mineral density of the calcaneus was measured with a quantitative ultrasound measurement device (A-1000 EXPRESS/InSight, GE Healthcare, Horten, Norway), and the stiffness index was determined as a parameter of bone mineral density. Echocardiography was performed to measure the left ventricular mass index as a parameter of LV hypertrophy. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was also assessed by early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e′), and the ratio of early transmitral flow velocity (E) to e′ (E/e′). The bone mineral density did not correlate with left ventricular mass index, but did correlate with e′ (r = 0.453, P < .01) and E/e′ (r = ?0.359, P < .05). Thus, reduced bone mineral density in hypertensive patients is not associated with LV hypertrophy but with LV diastolic dysfunction. Hypertensive patients with reduced bone mineral density may have a high risk of chronic heart failure due to LV diastolic dysfunction as well as bone fractures due to osteoporosis.     

中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值与原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚的相关性分析

目的 探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚(LVH)之间的关系。方法：入选我院心脏科门诊新发未经治疗的原发性高血压患者480例作为研究对象,所有患者均行超声心动图检查并计算左室心肌质量指数(LVMI)。 定义LVH为：女性患者 LVMI≥110 g/m2,男性患者 LVMI≥135 g/m2,根据LVMI将入选者分为高血压合并左心室肥厚组(LVH组,n= 198)与高血压无左心室肥厚组(non-LVH组,,n=282)。同时均检测生化指标及血常规指标。应用SPSS软件分析NLR与高血压患者LVH的相关性。结果 1、与高血压无LVH组比较,高血压合并LVH 组NLR水平明显升高, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2、相关性分析显示,NLR水平与LVMI呈正性相关(r =0.411,P＜0.05) 。3、Logistic回归分析显示,在校正了收缩压、空腹血糖、血尿酸及血肌酐等因素后,NLR仍是高血压合并左心室肥厚的独立危险因素(OR=2.350, 95%CI: 1.720～3.210, P＜0.05)。结论 高血压伴左心室肥厚患者NLR水平与无左心室肥厚的高血压患者比较明显升高;NLR升高可能是原发性高血压患者并发左心室肥厚的独立危险因素。