重庆市妇女乳腺癌危险因素的病理对照研究

目的 研究女性乳腺癌的危险因素。方法 在重庆市进行了首次１：１流行病学病例对照研究。结果 多因素条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析显示了下列因素对乳腺癌的影响：女性初潮年龄（ＯＲ＝０．７９，９５％ＣＩ＝０．６７－０．９２），月经紊乱史（ＯＲ＝１．４７，９５％，ＣＩ＝１．０７－２．０２），高龄初产（ＯＲ＝１．５５，９５％ＣＩ＝１．２０－１．９８），乳腺良性疾病史（ＯＲ＝２．３３，９５％ＣＩ＝１．０２－５．     

女性乳腺癌危险因素的Logistic回归分析

女性乳腺癌危险因素研究资料采集于广州，韶关，肇庆等八个医院。按１∶２配对设计总共收集了１２５个病例一对照组作回顾性调查。经条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归．分析得：保护因子有喝茶习惯，ＯＲ＝０．３９１３；危险因子有精神创伤，ＯＲ＝３．４３３８，乳腺炎史，ＯＲ＝３．４０９９，被动吸烟，ＯＲ＝２．０７９６，平均摄油量，ＯＲ＝３．１７７３，流产，ＯＲ＝１．３５４４，癌症家族史，ＯＲ＝５．６７９７。     

RMI4评分、IOTA简易标准和GI-RADS分类用于鉴别卵巢良恶性肿块：一项对比分析

ｆＴｕｍｏｒＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓ,ＩＯＴＡ）简易标准及妇科影像报告与数据系统（ｇｙｎｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃｉｍａｇｉｎｇｒｅｐｏｒｔｉｎｇａｎｄｄａｔａｓｙｓｔｅｍ, ＧＩ ＲＡＤＳ）鉴别诊断卵巢良恶性肿瘤的价值。方法：回顾分析对比经术后病理或最终临床随访证实的 ２９９例卵巢肿 瘤患者的超声图像特征,分别用 ＲＭＩ４、ＩＯＴＡ简易标准和 ＧＩ ＲＡＤＳ预测其肿块的良恶性,比较 ３种方法鉴别诊断卵 巢肿瘤的效能。结果：２９９例卵巢肿块中,良性肿瘤 １９１例,恶性肿瘤 １０８例。ＩＯＴＡ简易标准的敏感度与准确度均高 于 ＧＩ ＲＡＤＳ,差异有统计学意义（χ２＝５．８６０,Ｐ＝０．０１５;χ２＝７．６５０,Ｐ＝０．００６）,特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值的 差异则无统计学意义（χ２＝２．２７６,Ｐ＝０．１３１;χ２ ＝２．５９９,Ｐ＝０．１０７;χ２ ＝５．４６５,Ｐ＝０．０１９）;ＩＯＴＡ简易标准的敏感 度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度均高于 ＲＭＩ４,差异有统计学意义（χ２ ＝２０．４１５,Ｐ＜０．０１７;χ２ ＝６．８４１,Ｐ＜ ０．０１７;χ２＝１６．８９７,Ｐ＜０．０１７;χ２＝２２．６４３,Ｐ＜０．０１７）,特异度的差异则无统计学意义（χ２ ＝４．７０２,Ｐ＝０．０３０）;ＧＩ ＲＡＤＳ的敏感度高于 ＲＭＩ４,差异有统计学意义（χ２＝５．９３９,Ｐ＝０．０１５）,特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度的 差异均无统计学意义（χ２＝０．５１７,Ｐ＝０．４７２;χ２ ＝１．２２０,Ｐ＝０．２６９;χ２ ＝４．３３６,Ｐ＝０．０３７;χ２ ＝５．０５０,Ｐ＝０．０２５）。 结论：ＩＯＴＡ简易标准、ＧＩ ＲＡＤＳ与 ＲＭＩ４对鉴别卵巢良恶性肿块均有重要临床价值,其中 ＩＯＴＡ简易标准诊断效能最优。     

磁县居民食管癌危险因素病例对照研究

目的：探索食管癌发病危险因素。方法：选择河北磁县３５０例食管癌患者为病例组，对照组选取其同性别、年龄上下不超过５岁的邻居，进行１：１病例对照研究，采用统一调查表，由专业人员入户进行回顾性调查，所获资料用ＥｐｉＩｎｆｏｘ软件录入微机统计处理。结果：从２０个因素中筛选出９个有显著意义的国素，酸菜（ＯＲ＝３．４０）、咸菜（ＯＲ＝２．５９）、烫烫食（ＯＲ＝３．１１）、禽蛋（ＯＲ＝４．２２）、精神因素（ＯＲ     

贲门腺癌切除患者预后的多因素COX模型分析：附736例报告

通过计算机ＣＯＸ多因素分析模型，利用累积生存率，对７３６例经手术切除，术后生存≥３个月的贲门腺癌资料进行预后研究。分析结果表明，在选取的３０个因素中，对预后影响最大的因素依次为：肿瘤最大直径２（ＯＲ＝１．９０）、手术性质（ＯＲ＝１．７２）、肿瘤浸润深度（ＯＲ＝１．６５）、贲门旁淋巴结转移（ＯＲ＝１．４２）、肿瘤最大直径１（ＯＲ＝１．４２）。性别和术前放射治疗对预后影响不大（Ｐ＞０．２）。本组资料３、５、１０年生存率分别为３２．２％、２０．２％和１２．２％。     

Ia期卵巢癌及对侧卵巢癌前病变的探讨

对Ｉａ期卵巢癌的对侧卵巢进行病理学检查并与非卵巢癌病例作对照。患者卵巢内包涵囊肿数及其浆液性分化频度明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１，后者ＯＲ＝１０．０，９５％可信区间＝１．２～７８．１）。研究组卵巢包涵囊肿随年龄而增多。认为卵巢内包涵囊肿可能在卵巢癌的发生中发挥重要作用。     

核仁形成区相关嗜银蛋白与上皮细胞增殖

应用放射自显影和银染技术检测Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠食管和小肠上皮细胞增殖状态结果表明：食管底层细胞３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ标记率０．２１，ＡｇＮＯＲｓ数目１．７７，高于浅层细胞的０．０５和１．４０（Ｐ＜０．００５）。肠腺上皮细胞３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ标记率为０．７５，ＡｇＮＯＲｓ数目２．７７，高于绒毛上皮细胞的０．５０和２．０５（Ｐ＜０．００１）。３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ标记率和ＡｇＮＯＲｓ数目在底层细胞（ｒ＝０．８６）、浅层细胞（ｒ＝０．８８）、肠腺细胞（ｒ＝０．９１）和绒毛细胞（ｒ＝０．６７）均呈直线密切正相关。提示：上皮细胞中ＡｇＮＯＲｓ数目与ＤＮＡ合成同步增长；ＡｇＮＯＲＳ数目准确标示了不同增殖状态细胞群体，是反映细胞增殖水平的敏感指标。     

GSTM1多态性及Bleomycin综合敏感性与大肠癌的易感性研究

本文旨在研究广东人中ＧＳＴＭ１的遗传多态性与大肠癌的关系，同时选用能间接反映ＤＮＡ修复能力的Ｂｌｅｏｍｙｃｉｎ诱变剂敏感性试验，进行大肠癌的病例—对照研究。用ＰＣＲ方法检测ＧＳＴＭ１－的基因型，病例组为３６．８％（Ｎ＝１９）、对照组为２６．１％（Ｎ＝２３），差异无显著意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ｂｌｅｏｍｙｃｉｎ诱导的染色体平均断裂数（ｂｒｅａｋｓ／ｃｅｌ），病例组为０．７５±０．２９，对照组为０．４２±０．２４，差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５，且ｂ／ｃ＞０．８，在病例组的比例（６８％）高于对照组３倍，ＯＲ比为８．６７，ｂ／ｃ＞１．０，在病例组的比例（４７％）高于对照组４倍，ＯＲ比为６．６０。     

丙型肝炎病毒感染与原发性肝癌关系的病例─对照研究

本研究的全部病例与对照均在既往的一项定群研究成员中产生。成员均为男性，在进入定群观察时已２０周岁以上。定群观察开始时对每人采集了一份血清标本，贮存于－２０℃低温冰箱中。其后，陆续发生的原发性肝癌死者，即作为本研究的病例，共７８名。再为每名病例在定群成员存活者中选取匹配对照。匹配数额为１：４以下，不等额。以ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测病例及匹配对照的贮存血清标本的丙肝病毒抗体（抗－ＨＣＶ）。采用不等额匹配的病例对照研究的统计方法进行统计处理。结果显示，病例抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为３３．３％（２６／７８），匹配对照为１５．３％（４０／２６２）。Ｘ２＝１１．８６，Ｐ＜０．０１，ＯＲＭＨ＝３．０ＰＡＲ％＝２３．４０％。此结果表明，丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）感染是广西原发性肝癌病因学上的重要因素之一。由于检测的血清标本采集于多年之前，原发性肝癌陆续发生于后，本研究结果应无一般病例─对照研究常遇到的时序问题。     

淮安市食管癌病例—对照研究（I）：烟,酒因素的作用

目的 研究淮安市烟,酒因素对食管癌的作用,方法 用１：１全人群病例－对照研究的方法调查淮安市５４９对食管癌病例和对照。结果 在调整了年龄,文化程度,腌制品,水果等因素后,发现吸烟是淮安市食管癌的危险因素,与不吸烟人群相比,男性现仍吸烟者ＯＲ为２．５（９５％ＣＩ：１．６－３．８）男性曾经吸烟者ＯＲ为１．９（９５％ＣＩ：０．９～４．０）,男性患食管癌的危险随着吸烟量的增多,吸烟年限的延长而增加,且有显     

Green Tea Drinking Habits and Esophageal Cancer in Southern China: A Case- Control Study

Aim: To investigate effects of green tea drinking and its temperature on esophageal cancer development.Methods: A 1:2 matched hospital-based case-control study including 150 cases and 300 controls was conducted insouthern area of China from June 2004 to May 2010. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect informationon possible risk factors of esophageal cancer, and to assess the tea drinking habit and temperature. Conditionallogistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: We find a significant protective effect of high consumption of green tea on esophageal cancer with lowtemperature tea (OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.29-0.97). However, drinking tea at a temperature of 70-79℃ and above 80℃was related to greatly elevated risk of esophageal cancer with ORs of 2.21 (1.57-5.53) and 4.74 (2.67-10.51). Anagreement was found between reported tea temperature and measured temperature (correlation coefficient =0.62).Further analysis indicated hot tea temperature to be associated with heavy risk of esophageal cancer in formerand current smokers and current drinkers (former and current smokers: OR=8.91(1.91-16.77) and 7.33(2.23-12.46), respectively; former and current drinkers: OR=7.58(0.83-9.53) and 6.93(2.01-10.65)). Conclusion: Inthe South China context, drinking tea at high temperature significantly increases risk of esophageal cancer,especially in drinkers and smokers.     

江苏省肿瘤低发区主要恶性肿瘤危险因素配对病例对照研究

[目的]探讨江苏省恶性肿瘤低发地区主要肿瘤有关危险因素。[方法]在江苏省恶性肿瘤低发的赣榆地区进行了以人群为基础的肿瘤1：1配对病例对照研究,应用条件Logisfic回归对相关因素进行单因素和多因素分析。[结果]食管癌和胃癌的共同危险因素为进食快（OR食管=1.95，OR胃=1.46）、热烫饮食（OR食管=2.72，OR胃=2.21）、癌症家族史（OR食管=2.02，OR胃=2.29）；对于肺癌而言，吸烟越早（OR=3.63）、烟龄越长（OR=4.13）、吸进部位越深（OR=2.79）均能增加患病概率；饮茶是食管癌（OR=0.73）、胃癌（OR=0.37）、肺癌（OR=0.60）和肝癌（OR=0.27）的共同保护因素。而生吃大蒜对食管癌（OR=0.68）和胃癌（OR=0.64）的保护作用比较确切。[结论]本次研究所发现的有关结果可以为江苏省肿瘤低发及高发地区的防治工作提供参考。     

中国女性乳腺癌危险因素的Meta分析

[目的]评价中国女性乳腺癌部分危险因素的作用,探讨乳腺癌的病因。[方法]运用Meta分析方法对我国1996～2006年间公开发表的有关乳腺癌危险因素病例对照研究的12篇文献资料进行定量综合分析。[结果]各因素合并OR值分别为：初潮年龄OR=1．5401（95％CI：1．3437～1．7654）;哺乳OR=0．6837（95％CI：0．4779—0．9782）;口服避孕药OR=1．3278（95％CI：1．0627—1．6589）;良性乳腺疾病史OR=2．6180（95％CI：2．0275—3．3804）;吸烟OR=1．8576（95％CI：1．5394—2．2415）;饮酒OR=0．8137（95％CI：0．6196～1．0686）;饮茶OR=0．8625（95％CI：0．7646～0．9728）。[结论]初潮年龄、口服避孕药、良性乳腺疾病史及吸烟是乳腺癌发生的危险因素,哺乳及饮茶则是乳腺癌的保护因素。     

河南省林州市食管鳞癌及癌前病变的影响因素研究

[目的]探讨河南省林州市食管鳞癌及癌前病变的影响因素。[方法]按照性别、年龄进行1∶1∶1匹配的原则,选取2019年5~10月在林州市食管癌医院就诊的新发食管鳞癌患者、新发中重度食管鳞状上皮异型增生患者和正常对照匹配成33个区组作为研究对象。对入组的研究对象进行问卷调查,收集其人口学、生活方式等信息,采用多元有序Logistic回归对食管鳞癌及癌前病变的影响因素进行统计学分析。[结果]单因素分析结果显示,教育程度,饮用水来源,吸烟,饮酒,饮茶,食用西兰花、大蒜、酸菜、烟熏制品,劳动强度,消化道疾病史,食管癌家族史与食管鳞癌及癌前病变发生有关(P<0.05)。多元有序Logistic回归结果显示,教育程度(小学:OR=2.128,95%CI:1.116~3.187;中学及以上:OR=1.960,95%CI:1.080~2.759),饮用浅层地下水、井水(OR=3.595,95%CI:1.051~7.130),现在吸烟(OR=2.027,95%CI:1.435~5.193),经常食用酸菜(OR=2.520,95%CI:1.030~4.498),经常食用烟熏制品(OR=1.312,95%CI:1.089~1.739),有消化道疾病史(OR=2.277,95%CI:1.038~2.828)是食管鳞癌及癌前病变的独立危险因素,而经常食用西兰花(OR=0.520,95%CI:0.031~0.855)是独立保护因素。[结论]在林州市,生活方式、饮食习惯和消化道病史均可影响食管鳞癌及癌前病变的发生,有其地域特点,应针对相关影响因素采取相应的预防措施。     

检测鼻咽癌IgG/EA抗体的临床意义

目的：探讨检测血清中IgG/EA在鼻咽癌中的应用价值。方法：应用间接免疫酶法测定苍梧县健康人和鼻咽癌病人IgG/EA抗体。结果：3895健康人抗体阳性率为2．1％，GMT为1：6．4；118例初诊鼻咽癌病人抗体阳性率为90．75，GMT为1：36．8，差异显著（P＜0．05），18例经治疗无瘤生存病人抗体阳性率27．8％，GMT1：4．8。结论：IgG/EA抗体检测可作为鼻咽癌诊断和预后判断的辅助指标。     

泰兴市全人群食管癌病例对照研究

目的：探讨泰兴市食管癌的病因。方法：选择５９１例食管癌新发病例按年龄,性别２和居住地区进行人群为基础１：１配对的病例对照研究。结果：经济状况差、不良嗜好（吸烟、饮酒、口味嗜咸）、不良饮食生活习惯（三餐不按时、喜爱吃烫食物和进食速度快）以及不良精神因素（）受过强烈精神刺激、长期忧郁、长期处于精神压抑状态）和食管病变以及家族食管癌史会增加泰兴市居民患食管癌的危险性。结论应针对上述危险因素采取预防措施。     

大丰市居民饮绿茶对胃癌发病影响的病例对照研究

[目的]研究饮绿茶对胃癌发病的影响。[方法]选择江苏省大丰市的胃癌641例及对照1847例进行病例对照研究,探讨饮绿茶对胃癌的作用,对饮绿茶与胃癌的其他可能危险因素间的相互关系进行研究。[结果]饮用绿茶可降低饮用者胃癌危险,其OR为0.45（95%CI：0.35～0.58）。调整可能的混杂因素后OR为0.42（95%CI：0.32～0.55）,并且随饮绿茶年限增长、浓度增高和饮用量的增加,保护作用增强,呈明显的剂量—效应关系。饮绿茶与胃癌其它危险因素有一定的交互作用。[结论]饮绿茶对胃癌可能具有一定的保护作用。     

Population-based Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer in Five High-risk Areas in China

Objective: To study major etiological factors for esophageal cancer in upper gastrointestinal cancer high riskareas in China. Methods: Five areas with high incidences of esophageal and gastric cancer with good qualitycancer registration data were selected for the study: Cixian, Shexian from Hebei Province, Linxian from HenanProvince, Feicheng from Shandong Province and Zhuanghe from Liaoning Province. A total of 250 cases wererandomly recruited from the cancer registration database diagnosed as arising in the lower esophageal segmentsince January 1, 2009. Three controls were identified and matched with each case as having similar characteristics,such as gender, sex and residency. Questionnaires were applied by face to face interview with trained staff, anddata entry was conducted using EPIDATA software. Conditional logistic models were employed for univariateand multivariate analyses to evaluate odd ratios and 95% confident intervals, with SPSS 13.0 statistic software.Results: In single variable analysis, gastrointestinal history, GERD, smoking, passive smoking, alcohol drinking,hot food, pickled food, overnight vegetable, dried food, no breakfast, false dining posture were found to be riskfactors of esophageal cancer. Eating more fresh vegetables and high BMI were protective factors. Gastrointestinalhistory (OR=12.658), not taking regular meals (3.465), overnight vegetables (OR=3.296), GERD (OR=3.044),hot food (OR=2.510), passive smoking (OR=2.423), pickled food (OR=2.273), alcohol drinking (OR=2.074),seldom eating breakfast(OR=1.987), and false dining posture (OR=1.977) increased the risk of esophageal canceron multivariate logistic analysis, and fresh vegetables (OR=0.279) and BMI≥25 (OR=0.528) continued to beprotective. Conclusions: Esophageal cancer could be caused by genetics acting in synergy with environmentalfactors. Health education for the general population in high risk areas should be strengthened, with interventionprograms of nutrition and lifestyle focusing on effective prevention and control for upper gastrointestinal cancer.     

Green tea drinking,high tea temperature and esophageal cancer in high‐ and low‐risk areas of Jiangsu Province,China: A population‐based case–control study

Epidemiological studies suggested drinking green tea is inversely associated with esophageal cancer but results remain inconclusive. Moreover, inconsistent observations found high temperature drinks are associated with esophageal cancer. A population‐based case–control study was conducted in a high‐risk area (Dafeng) and a low‐risk area (Ganyu) of esophageal cancer in Jiangsu province China from 2003 to 2007. It aimed to explore green tea drinking and tea temperature with the risk of esophageal cancer, and to compare the difference between different risk regions. Using identical protocols, 1,520 cases and 3,879 healthy controls were recruited as study subjects in 2 regions. Detailed information was collected to assess green tea drinking habits. Unconditional logistic regression was used to obtain OR and 95% CI. Results showed that ever drinking green tea elevated OR in both counties (Dafeng OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.9–1.5; Ganyu: OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4–2.4). Drinking tea at high temperature was found to increase cancer risk in both areas (Dafeng: OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2–2.9; Ganyu OR = 3.1 95% CI = 2.2–4.3). However, after further adjustment for tea temperature, ever drinking tea was not related to cancer in either county (Dafeng: OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 0.7–1.3; Ganyu: OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.9–1.7). For dose‐response relationships, we observed positive relationship with monthly consumption of tea (p for trend = 0.067) and tea concentration (p for trend = 0.006) after further adjustment for tea temperature. In conclusion, green tea drinking was not inversely associated with esophageal cancer in this study. However, drinking tea at high temperatures significantly increased esophageal cancer risk. There was no obvious difference of green tea drinking between low‐ and high‐risk areas. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

肥城市农村居民食管癌及癌前病变危险因素多元有序Logistic回归分析

目的食管癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,山东省肥城市是我国食管癌高发地区之一。探讨山东省肥城市农村居民食管癌及癌前病变发生的危险因素,为当地食管癌的防治工作提供依据。方法以2013年在"国家食管癌早诊早治示范基地(山东省肥城市)"参与上消化道癌症筛查,并进入食管癌筛查与随访社区人群队列的40~69岁农村居民为研究对象,内镜下碘染色及病理活检结果作为诊断依据,依据诊断标准将其分为不同病变等级,进行问卷调查,并采用多元有序Logistic回归分析食管癌及癌前病变的危险因素。结果共纳入食管正常人1910名、轻度增生511例、中度增生130例、重度增生及以上100例。多元有序Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(OR=1.09,95%CI:1.08~1.11)、饮酒(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.13~1.86)、饮茶(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.15~1.68)、燃煤取暖(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.10~1.85)及肿瘤家族史(OR=1.35,95%CI:1.11~1.66)是食管癌及癌前病变发生的独立危险因素,P<0.05。结论年龄、饮酒、饮茶、燃煤取暖及肿瘤家族史是肥城市农村居民食管癌及癌前病变的危险因素,改变不良生活方式有利于做好食管癌的防治工作。