Combined electrohydraulic and holmium:YAG laser ureteroscopic nephrolithotripsy of large (greater than 4 cm) renal calculi

PURPOSE: Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is standard treatment for renal calculi larger than 2 cm. Modern flexible ureteroscopes and accessories using the complimentary effects of electrohydraulic lithotripsy and holmium:YAG laser lithotrites can treat large (greater than 4 cm) branched renal calculi in a minimally invasive fashion with similar or superior results. This report is an assessment of the safety and efficacy of ureteroscopic nephrolithotripsy monotherapy for the management of large (greater than 4 cm) branched renal calculi in the community setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 16 patients with 17 branched renal calculi ranging from 41 to 97 mm (mean 65) in length and 560 to 2,425 mm2 (mean 1,169) in area underwent staged ureteroscopic nephrolithotripsy monotherapy. Obesity (body mass index greater than 30) was present in 81% and 38% were morbidly obese (body mass index greater than 40). An infectious etiology was present in 81% and hard stone components were present in 94%. All patients presented with hematuria, pain and/or recurrent urinary tract infection. Lithotripsy was performed with a single deflection flexible ureteroscope and predominantly electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Laser drilling was used (in 4) to weaken hard stones before electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Low intrarenal pressure was maintained by continuous bladder drainage and placement of a stiff safety wire. Visibility was maintained using manual pulsatile irrigation. RESULTS: All patients were rendered pain and infection-free. No patient required a blood transfusion and there was no change in serum creatinine. Mobile stone-free status was achieved in 15 of 17 renal units (88%) with a mean of 2.4 stages and 36 of 40 (90%) procedures performed on an outpatient basis. Operative time averaged 49 minutes per stage and 115 minutes per calculus. There were 3 patients admitted for fever and 1 patient (90 years old) admitted for pneumonia 3 days postoperatively. There were also 3 patients with calculi larger than 75 mm who required ureteroscopic management of steinstrasse. CONCLUSIONS: Staged ureteroscopic nephrolithotripsy of large renal calculi is feasible with low morbidity and stone clearance rates that compare favorably with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy.     

Comparison of pneumatic and Holmium laser ureteroscopic lithotripsy for upper third ureteral stones

ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes of ureteroscopic lithotripsy with pneumatic lithotripter and Holium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Ho:YAG) laser in the management of upper third ureteral stones.Materials and methodsPatients who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy with pneumatic lithotripter or Ho:YAG laser for upper third ureteral stones were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with urinary tract infection, radiolucent stones, loss of follow-up, concurrent middle or lower third ureteral stones or acute renal failure were excluded. Patient age, stone size and burden (based on KUB or computerized tomography), stone upward migration, double J stent insertion rate, stone free rate and secondary intervention rate for residual stones were compared in both groups.ResultsThere were 158 patients with 178 upper third ureteral stones (135 in pneumatic lithotripsy group and 43 in Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy group) meeting the study criteria. Patients' age, gender, stone laterality, stone size and burden were similar in both groups. The Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy group had better stone free rate, less double J stent insertion rate and less secondary intervention rate as compared with pneumatic lithotripsy (53.4% vs. 40.1%; 72.1% vs. 91.9%; 25% vs. 48.5% respectively, all p < 0.05). In patients with stones larger than 10 mm, Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy had significantly lower upward migration rate, lower double J stent insertion rate, higher stone free rate and less secondary intervention rate.ConclusionsHo:YAG laser lithotripsy is superior to pneumatic lithotripsy in the management of upper third ureteral stones in terms of double J stent insertion rate, stone free rate and secondary intervention rate for stones of all sizes. For stones larger than 10 mm, laser lithotripsy results in less stone upward migration.     

Staging lymphadenectomy in patients with localized high risk prostate cancer: comparison of the laparoendoscopic single site (LESS) technique with conventional multiport laparoscopy

Background

Laser lithotripsy is an established endourological modality. Ho:YAG laser have broadened the indications for ureteroscopic stone managements to include larger stone sizes throughout the whole upper urinary tract. Aim of current work is to assess efficacy and safety of Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy during retrograde ureteroscopic management of ureteral calculi in different locations.

Methods

88 patients were treated with ureteroscopic Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy in our institute. Study endpoint was the number of treatments until the patient was stone-free. Patients were classified according to the location of their stones as Group I (distal ureteric stones, 51 patients) and group II (proximal ureteral stones, 37). Group I patients have larger stones as Group II (10.70 mm vs. 8.24 mm, respectively, P = 0.020).

Results

Overall stone free rate for both groups was 95.8%. The mean number of procedures for proximal calculi was 1.1 ± 0.1 (1–3) and for distal calculi was 1.0 ± 0.0. The initial treatment was more successful in patients with distal ureteral calculi (100% vs. 82.40%, respectively, P = 0.008). No significant difference in the stone free rate was noticed after the second laser procedure for stones smaller versus larger than 10 mm (100% versus 94.1%, P = 0.13). Overall complication rate was 7.9% (Clavien II und IIIb). Overall and grade-adjusted complication rates were not dependant on the stone location. No laser induced complications were noticed.

Conclusions

The use of the Ho:YAG laser appears to be an adequate tool to disintegrate ureteral calculi independent of primary location. Combination of the semirigid and flexible ureteroscopes as well as the appropriate endourologic tools could likely improve the stone clearance rates for proximal calculi regardless of stone-size.

     

输尿管结石ESWL失败改腔内钬激光碎石术的疗效观察

目的 探讨输尿管结石ESWL失败后采用腔内钬激光碎石术的临床疗效。方法 自2001年10月至2002年8月，对28例输尿管结石(ESWL失败)行输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术。结果 26例经输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术治愈，治愈率92．8％(26／28)；1例结石上移，辅以ESWL治愈；1例因输尿管纤维性扭曲改开放手术。结论 输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术安全、有效、方便，可以作为输尿管结石的首选治疗。     

经皮肾镜联合不同软镜治疗鹿角形肾结石的研究

目的：评价单通道经皮肾镜联合不同软镜下钬激光碎石治疗鹿角形肾结石的手术效果。方法：B超引导穿刺,单通道经皮肾镜联合膀胱软镜和输尿管软镜,行钬激光碎石治疗鹿角形。肾结石93例。结石直径2．6～5．4cm。结果：93例均采用单通道经皮。肾镜联合软镜下钬激光碎石,一期手术平均手术时间为108min,完全清除率为83．9％（78／93）,二期手术平均手术时间为43min,结石完全清除率87．5％（7／8）。全部病例均无肾盂穿孔、气胸、腹腔内脏器官损伤等严重并发症发生。结论：单通道经皮。肾镜联合不同软镜下钬激光碎石治疗鹿角形肾结石具有碎石成功率和结石排净率高、创伤小、手术时间短、并发症少、周围脏器损伤风险小等优点,是一种治疗鹿角状肾结石的理想方法。     

输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石53例

目的：探讨输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石的有效性和安全性。方法：采用输尿管镜钬激光技术治疗53例(56侧)输尿管结石，其中输尿管上段结石9侧，中段结石11侧，下段结石36侧。结果：输尿管上、中、下段结石的排净率分别为89％、91％、92％，并发症为7％(4侧)。结论：输尿管镜钬激光是治疗输尿管结石的有效、安全的方法。     

Treatment of proximal ureteral calculi: holmium:YAG laser ureterolithotripsy versus extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

PURPOSE: We compared the safety and efficacy of ureteroscopy with intracorporeal holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) (Dornier Medical Systems, Inc., Marietta, Georgia) for proximal ureteral calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 67 patients underwent 81 primary procedures, including in situ ESWL with a DoLi 50 lithotriptor (Dornier Medical Systems, Inc.) or ureteroscopy combined with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for proximal ureteral calculi. RESULTS: Of the primary procedures 81 involved proximal ureteral calculi, including 35 done for calculi 1 cm. or greater. The initial stone-free rate in patients with calculi 1 cm. or greater was 93% for ureteroscopy combined with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy and 50% for in situ ESWL. The efficiency quotient for treating proximal ureteral calculi 1 cm. or greater was calculated as 0.76 for ureteroscopic lithotripsy and 0.43 for ESWL. For proximal ureteral calculi less than 1 cm. the initial stone-free rate was 100% and 80% for ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy and ESWL, respectively. The efficiency quotient was calculated as 0.81 for ureteroscopic lithotripsy and 0.72 for ESWL for treating proximal ureteral calculi less than 1 cm. There were no major complications in either group and all procedures were performed on an outpatient basis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that ureteroscopy combined with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy is an acceptable treatment modality for all proximal ureteral calculi and excellent results are achieved for calculi 1 cm. or larger. Although the stone-free rate was better for smaller stones with ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy, efficiency quotients were similar. Therefore, ESWL should remain first line therapy for proximal ureteral calculi less than 1 cm. because of less morbidity, and a lesser anesthesia and analgesic requirement.     

Ureteric calculi in children: preliminary experience with holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy in children with ureteric calculi. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1999 and 2003, 28 ureteroscopic laser procedures were carried out on 26 children (14 boys and 12 girls, mean age 6.5 years) with ureteric calculi. The mean (range) stone size was 1.21 (0.4-2.2) cm. At ureteroscopy the calculi were in the upper ureter in six (23%), mid-ureter in five (19%) and lower ureter in 15 (58%) patients. A rigid 8 F ureteroscope was used and the Ho:YAG laser energy delivered at 0.6-1.4 J and 6-10 Hz. All patients were evaluated after 3 months with intravenous urography to confirm stone clearance and to exclude ureteric stricture formation. RESULTS: The overall stone-free rate was 92% (24 children) after 28 ureteroscopic procedures. Stones were completely cleared in 83%, 80% and 100% of the procedures in the upper, mid- and lower ureters, respectively. In two children the procedure failed; they were salvaged by ureterolithotomy in one and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the other. During the procedures, a ureteric perforation was caused by several factors, including a technically difficult procedure and higher laser energy. At the mean (range) follow-up of 18 (3-39) months, low grade vesico-ureteric reflux was detected in two children, and there were no ureteric strictures in any. CONCLUSION: Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy is an efficient and safe treatment for ureteric calculi in children.     

输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石

目的 总结输尿管软镜结合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效及并发症,探讨手术技巧.方法 38 例输尿管上段结石患者接受输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗,先使用8/9.8 F 输尿管硬镜探查患侧输尿管,置入导丝后留置输尿管软镜鞘,引入输尿管软镜,钬激光碎石,并使用套石篮套取出较大的结石碎屑.结果 35 例患者一期顺利碎石,3 例因输尿管狭窄难以置入输尿管软镜鞘,留置输尿管内支架2 周后再次手术成功.手术时间31~56 min,平均42 min.术后7 例患者发热,无其他严重并发症.术后1 个月拔除内支架,2 周后复查KUB,结石清除率92.1%.结论 输尿管软镜结合钬激光是处理输尿管上段结石的有效手段,即便输尿管结石进入肾内,也可一期处理,避免了额外的体外碎石操作.     

经输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石的临床分析(附350例报告)

目的 探讨经输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石的临床效果. 方法 选取2009年5月～ 2011年6月收治的350例输尿管结石患者,均行经输尿管镜钬激光碎石术. 结果 350例输尿管结石患者中321例一次碎石成功,治疗成功率为91.7％(321/350).手术时间平均48.6(20 ～ 115 )min;术后住院时间平均5.2(4 ～7)d.术中结石移位18例,其中16例留置双J管后1～4周内再行补救性体外冲击波碎石术,另2例换经输尿管软镜钬激光肾内碎石.D-J管常规留置时间为3～4周.因输尿管迂曲、狭窄不能进镜达结石部位11例,均中转开放手术取石.术中发生输尿管粘膜下损伤6例,输尿管穿孔4例.术后当天出现畏寒、发热,体温＞38.5C者19例,给予静脉抗感染和对症治疗后均恢复正常.术后结石残留造成再次输尿管梗阻6例,经再次输尿管镜碎石术后好转.术后3个月339例获随诊,结石均获清除,结石清除率达96.9％(339/350). 结论 经输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石具有安全、高效、创伤小、并发症少、成功率高、住院时间短等优点,是目前输尿管结石的最理想治疗方法.     

HOLMIUM: YAG LITHOTRIPSY IN CHILDREN

PURPOSE: We determined the safety and efficacy of holmium:YAG lithotripsy in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of all holmium:YAG lithotripsy done in patients 17 years old or younger. Demographic, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected. RESULTS: A total of 9 boys and 10 girls (26 stones) with a mean age of 11 years (range 1 to 17) were treated with holmium:YAG lithotripsy, which was chosen as initial therapy in 10 (53%). Retrograde ureteroscopy was performed in 15 patients to treat 13 ureteral and 6 renal calculi, and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy was done in 4 to treat 3 ureteral and 4 renal calculi. A complete stone-free outcome after 1 procedure was achieved in 16 children (84%) and 3 patients were rendered stone-free after 2 procedures. No patient had an intraoperative injury. Followup ranged from 0.5 to 12 months (mean 3). Followup imaging has shown no evidence of stricture or hydronephrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Holmium:YAG lithotripsy is safe and effective in children. It is a reasonable option for failed shock wave lithotripsy, or in children with a known durile stone composition or contraindications to shock wave lithotripsy.     

输尿管镜联合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石:附205例报告

目的 探讨输尿管镜联合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石的效果和安全性.方法 回顾性分析205例输尿管上段结石患者行输尿管硬镜钬激光碎石治疗的临床资料,其中男91例,女114例,结石位于单侧188例,双侧17例,炎性息肉引起输尿管腔明显狭窄者12例.结石长径0.8～1.4 cm.结果 192例一次性碎石成功,单次碎石成功率为93.7%(192/205).9例有较大结石碎片(4～6 mm)残留于肾或输尿管内,4例在碎石过程中结石冲入肾内,其中1例较大结石(1.4 cm)移位至肾盂后改行PCNL,其余3例留置双J管改行ESWL,均治愈.19例合并炎性息肉同期行激光烧灼.手术时间15~90min,平均30 min.住院时间2~9 d,平均3.5 d.198例患者在门诊获得随访,随访时间3～24个月,平均6个月,结石均排尽.结论 输尿管镜联合钬激光治疗输尿管上段结石的一种比较理想的腔内碎石技术,其碎石成功率高,并发症发生率低,创伤小,患者术后恢复快,而且可同期处理结石合并炎性息肉和狭窄.     

钬激光碎石术与体外冲击波碎石术治疗输尿管结石的疗效比较

目的　比较输尿管镜钬激光碎石术与体外冲击波碎石术 (ESWL)治疗输尿管结石的有效性和安全性。　方法　采用输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石 15 9例 16 8侧 ,其中结石直径≥ 1cm者 76侧 ,<1cm者 92侧。ESWL治疗输尿管结石 319例 334侧 ,其中结石直径≥ 1cm者 14 3侧 ,<1cm者 191侧。比较两组手术时间 结石排净率 手术并发症发生率指标的差异。　结果　对直径≥ 1cm和 <1cm的输尿管结石钬激光碎石术治疗平均手术时间分别为 5 8min和 4 3min ,短于ESWL的平均手术时间 6 8min和 5 6min(P <0 .0 1) ;钬激光碎石术对直径≥ 1cm的输尿管结石 3个月结石排净率为 92 % ,高于ESWL的 6 1% (P <0 .0 1) ;对直径 <1cm的输尿管结石钬激光碎石术和ESWL的 3个月结石排净率分别为 95 %和 85 % (P >0 .0 5 )。钬激光碎石术组并发症发生率为 4 .8%( 8/ 16 8) ,ESWL组无明显并发症发生。　结论　输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗直径≥ 1cm的输尿管结石疗效明显优于ESWL ,而直径 <1cm的结石二者疗效差异无显著性 ,ESWL为直径 <1cm结石的首选治疗方法     

输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石309例报告

目的：探讨输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石的疗效。方法：采用输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石患者309例,其中肾结石228例,输尿管上段结石81例。结石长径0．8～3．0cm,平均1．6cm。结果：309例患者手术顺利,平均结石清除率为83．5％（258／309）。手术时间30～90min,平均50min。术后住院时间2～8d,平均5d。术后2周复查KUB平片,平均结石清除率达91．9％（284／309）。无脓肾、输尿管穿孑L等并发症发生。结论：输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石安全有效,并发症少。     

输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石(附56例报告)

目的:探讨输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石的疗效。方法:采用输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石56例,结石大小0.8~1.6cm,平均1.2cm。经输尿管硬镜扩张后留置输尿管扩张鞘,寻及结石以200μm光纤、0.8~1.2J/5~10Hz功率钬激光碎石。结果:56例共有结石62枚,结石寻及率96.8%,单次碎石成功率92%(57/62)。手术时间30~60min,平均45min,术后住院1~4天,平均3天,无脓肾、输尿管穿孔等并发症。结论:输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石安全、有效,尤其适用于结石体积较小、肾盏无明显积水,以及因解剖特点预期ESWL效果不佳的患者,治疗肾结石疗效确切,并发症少。     

一期输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗双侧肾结石2O例报告

目的：探讨一期组合式输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗双侧’肾结石的临床疗效及安全性。方法：2010年1月~2012年1月采用德国铂立组合式输尿管软镜联合钬激光一期治疗双肾结石患者20例,结石大小0．7～2．0cm,平均1．3cm。含有大于1cm肾结石12例。20例均为双肾结石,含结石68枚,位于肾上盏13枚,中盏17枚,下盏18枚,肾盂20枚。结果：本组20例双肾结石均顺利完成一期双侧手术。一次手术结石清除率为80．0％（32／40）。本组总结石寻及率95．6％（65／68）。其中上、中盏及肾盂结石寻及率100％,单次碎石成功率92．0％（46／50）;下盏结石寻及率83．3％（15／18）,单次碎石成功率72．2％（13／18）。一期双侧手术总时间70～120min,平均90min。术中无输尿管穿孔等严重并发症发生。住院时间3～7d,平均4．2d。术后随访3～6个月,KUB或CT未见结石复发。结论：双肾结石采用输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗安全、有效。尤其对于肾结石体积较小患者,可实施一期治疗双肾结石,以缩短治疗周期,减少费用。     

输尿管镜下钬激光碎石与气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的疗效比较

目的 比较输尿管镜下钬激光碎石与气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的临床效果.方法 回顾分析2009年1月至2011年2月输尿管镜下治疗输尿管结石459例临床资料,其中钬激光碎石术267例(312侧),气压弹道碎石术192例(220侧).结果 钬激光组260例(305侧)碎石成功,碎石总成功率97.76%;气压弹道组177例(205侧)碎石成功,碎石总成功率93.18%.术后4~6周随访,两组结石排净率分别为98.69%、94.15%,碎石成功率、结石排净率均有显著性差异.结论 输尿管镜下钬激光和气压弹道碎石术均是治疗输尿管结石的好方法,但在碎石成功率、结石排净率以及在处理输尿管结石合并息肉、狭窄时,钦激光具有更大的优势.     

输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石(附106例报告)

目的探讨输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石的疗效。方法采用输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石106例,结石大小0.8～1.6cm,平均1.2cm。经输尿管硬镜扩张后留置输尿管扩张鞘,寻及结石以200μm光纤、0.8～1.2J/5～10Hz功率钬激光碎石。结果106例共有结石122枚,结石寻及率96.7%(118/122),单次碎石成功率91.8%(112/122)。手术时间30～60min,平均45min。术后住院1～4d,平均3d。无脓肾、输尿管穿孔等并发症。91例随访3～12个月,平均6个月,无结石复发。结论输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石安全、有效,尤其适用于结石体积较小、肾盏无明显积水,以及因解剖特点预期体外震波碎石效果不佳的患者,疗效确切,并发症少。     

A review study to evaluate holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy with flexible ureteroscopy in patients on ongoing oral anticoagulant therapy

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) and holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy for the treatment of upper urinary tract stones in patients on active oral anticoagulants. The records of 1081 patients who underwent flexible ureteroscopic holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser lithotripsy for upper ureteral and renal calculi from 1999 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 84 patients on continuous oral anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy (warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel) were identified. Of these patients, 40 were on warfarin, 25 on aspirin, 11 on clopidogrel, and 8 on both aspirin and clopidogrel. The drugs were not discontinued. The baseline characteristics, indications for anticoagulation therapy, perioperative data, stone-free rate, and complications were documented. Evaluation of outcomes was assessed at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up postoperatively. Mean stone size was 19.7 ± 9.4 (range 8 to 31 mm). Twenty patients had upper ureteral and 64 patients had intrarenal calculi. Two patients had bilateral renal calculi. Mean operation time was 78.2 ± 23.8 min (range 17 to 144 min). Two procedures (2.3%) in warfarin group were terminated due to persistent bleeding causing visual impairment. No transfusions were required. The mean serum hemoglobin levels did not change significantly (12.9 ± 3.7 to 12.2 ± 3.3 g/dL). No thromboembolic or cardiac adverse events were observed perioperatively. The double-j (DJ) ureteral catheterization time was 29.6 ± 9.3 days (range 14 to 68 days) and the hospital stay was 1.6 ± 0.6 days (range 1 to 4). The stone-free rate was 95.2% (80 patients) at 6 months. Flexible ureteroscopic Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy in patients requiring long-term anticoagulation therapy seems to be a safe and effective procedure and should be considered as a first-line treatment option in such patients for the surgical management of upper urinary tract stones.     

输尿管软镜结合钬激光治疗肾结石的疗效观察

目的探讨输尿管软镜结合钬激光治疗肾结石的疗效。方法 2004年8月～2010年12月,采用输尿管软镜结合钬激光治疗肾结石475例,结石大小0.7～3.0 cm,平均1.4 cm。逆行输尿管软镜下经输尿管硬镜扩张输尿管后,留置输尿管推送鞘,使用200μm光纤行钬激光碎石,钬激光功率0.5～1.0 J/20～40 Hz。结果结石寻及率98.3%(467/475),一次手术碎石成功率97.5%(463/475)。手术时间5～60 min,平均25 min。住院时间1～4 d,平均3 d。发生败血症感染性休克4例,钬激光误伤肾盏致出血8例。留置双J管2～4周,拔管时复查B超,90.6%(423/467)排净结石,术后5周98.3%(459/467)结石排净。结论输尿管软镜下钬激光治疗肾结石微创,安全,疗效确切,并发症少,特别适用于结石较小的患者。