膝骨关节炎不同中医证型在X线表现上的 差异性研究

目的:探讨膝骨关节炎中医证型与X线表现的相关性,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法:2007年6-12月,收集骨科门诊78例(108膝)膝骨关节炎患者,男13例(19膝),女65例(89膝);年龄41～77岁。中医辨证分型:一型,肝肾不足、筋脉瘀滞证,43膝;二型,脾肾两虚、湿注骨节证,26膝;三型,肝肾亏虚、痰瘀交阻证,39膝。摄负重站立位膝关节正侧位、髌股关节Skyline位X线片,分别观察评价关节间隙狭窄、骨赘生成、软骨下骨硬化、软骨下囊变,测量下肢力线角,并进行K-L分级。用多个独立样本非参数检验分析3种证型与各种X线表现之间相关性。结果:3种证型在外侧髌骨骨赘、胫骨髁间骨赘以及K-L分级严重程度上差异有统计学意义(P0.05),二型一型三型;外侧胫骨骨赘的差异比较,P=0.071;外侧滑车骨赘的差异比较,P=0.63;其他X线表现在3种证型之间的差异亦无统计学意义。结论:膝骨关节炎中医证型与放射学表现有一定的相关性,在外侧髌骨骨赘、胫骨髁间骨赘方面,表现为本研究中医分型中的二型最严重,一型其次,三型最轻。可以推测中医辨证分型中的脾肾两虚、湿注骨节证的辨证依据中可以加入X线表现骨赘生成明显,而且此证型属于放射学诊断的较严重期。     

膝外摆步态对膝内翻患者股骨-胫骨角及胫股关节外侧间隙的影响

目的探讨膝外摆(lateralthrust)步态对膝内翻患者股骨-胫骨角及胫股关节外侧间隙的影响及其临床意义。方法膝内翻伴膝外摆步态患者44例,男10例,女34例;年龄31～60岁,平均41岁。分别在静态单足和双足站立位膝关节正位X线片上测量股骨-胫骨角度数和胫股关节外侧间隙宽度。双足站立位模拟步态周期中双支撑相,即膝外摆早期;单足站立位模拟步态周期中单支撑相,即膝外摆后期,两种体位X线片上的股骨-胫骨角及胫股关节外侧间隙的改变反映了膝外摆过程中胫骨和股骨对应关系的改变。结果单足较双足支撑相的股骨-胫骨角增大(角度分别为188.50°±4.48°和185.50°±4.46°),胫股关节外侧间隙增宽[距离分别为(9.92±0.86)mm和(7.70±0.78)mm]。结论膝外摆步态中股骨-胫骨角增大、胫股关节外侧间隙增宽,使膝内翻患者的膝内侧间室承重增加,膝外侧稳定结构不稳,最终可能导致膝内翻加重及发生内侧间室骨关节炎。     

猕猴膝骨关节炎模型建立的实验研究

目的探讨应用改良的Hulth法建立猕猴膝骨关节炎动物模型的可行性及可靠性。方法实验组:选用猕猴的10只膝关节,应用改良Hulth手术造模,即切断膝关节内侧副韧带,切除前十字韧带、内侧半月板,并在股骨内侧髁关节面切除部分软骨。对照组:选用实验组猕猴的对侧10只膝关节,只切开皮肤、关节囊,不破坏关节腔结构。对构建的猕猴膝骨关节炎模型分别在造模后2、4、6个月从膝关节功能、X线片、MRI、关节镜下结构、切开肉眼所示大体情况、膝关节股骨软骨组织切片等方面评估骨关节炎造模情况。结果对照组在术后2、4、6个月的X线片、MRI及切开肉眼观察关节腔与术前无明显差异。实验组在造模后2个月X线片示内侧关节间隙狭窄,膝关节力线内翻;造模后4个月,X线片示关节软骨下骨硬化、关节周缘骨赘形成,髌骨骨赘增生;造模后6个月,X线片示关节软骨下骨硬化、关节周缘骨赘增生进一步加重。实验组造模后2个月,膝关节MRI表现为内侧关节间室狭窄,股骨内侧髁可见软骨造模缺损区,关节腔少许积液;造模后4个月,MRI表现为关节腔积液增多,髁软骨下骨髓水肿;造模后6个月,MRI出现外侧半月板Ⅱ级退变信号、部分区域软骨变薄、软骨下骨髓水肿...     

髌股关节不稳定症的影像学诊断与治疗

髌股关节是伸膝装置中的重要组成部分，髌骨在股骨滑车凹中正常运动轨迹依赖于髌骨与股骨髁间凹的骨性关节和关节囊、支持带提供的静态稳定作用，以及股四头肌的动态稳定作用。如果髌股关节不稳定，就会发生髌股关节运动轨迹的改变、髌骨向外侧倾斜和／或半脱位，使外侧髌股关节面产生过高压力，软骨被磨损，最终导致软骨软化和骨关节炎。     

髌股关节退变对Oxford内侧单髁置换疗效的影响

目的本研究对因膝关节前内侧关节炎进行Oxford单髁置换的中国患者前瞻性收集数据和术中观察髌股关节情况,并探讨这一结论的正确性。方法研究包括本单位从2009年8月至2011年5月连续进行的50例（45例患者）单髁置换病例。术前记录膝关节疼痛的部位,放射学检查发现的髌股关节退变用Ahlback系统分级。对于术中观察到的股骨滑车软骨磨损情况用Weidow5级分级系统记录,其将软骨状况从无磨损到全层磨损分为0至Ⅳ级。在术后1年随访是用Hospitalfor Special Surgery膝关节评分系统和自我满意度评分对临床疗效进行评定。结果术前放射学检查发现17膝（34％）存在髌股关节退变。术中观察发现27膝（54％）存在股骨滑车软骨面磨损,其中19例（38％）位于滑车沟偏内侧,6例（12％）位于滑车沟中央,1例（2％）位于滑车沟偏外侧,共有3例（6％）全层软骨磨损,2例（4％）位于滑车沟偏内侧,1例（2％）位于滑车沟偏外侧。不论是放射学发现的髌股关节退变还是术中发现软骨磨损病例与髌股关节相对正常病例相比,临床疗效没有显著性差异。结论术前放射学发现的髌股关节退变和术中发现髌股关节软骨磨损均不能作为Oxford内侧单髁置换的反指征。因外侧髌股关节退变的相关数据较少,对这类患者选择单髁置换时应慎重。     

复合软组织手术对儿童习惯性髌骨脱位髌股关节适应性的影响

目的 研究复合软组织手术治疗不同年龄段儿童习惯性髌骨脱位后,髌股关节适应性的变化情况.方法 回顾性分析2000至2007年收治的习惯性髌骨脱位患儿73例.男24例,女49例;平均年龄7.1岁(3～15岁);单侧47例,双侧26例.按照年龄分为A、B两组:A组年龄3～8岁(包括8岁),24例(30膝);B组年龄8～15岁,49例(69膝).复合软组织手术包括膝关节外侧充分松解、内侧紧缩、髌腱半腱上点移位(Roux-Goldthwait手术)和股内侧肌止点下移术.术前及随访中分别行髌骨轴位和侧位X线检查,测量股骨滑车角、髌骨高度、髌骨-滑车适配角及髌骨倾斜角(Laurin角)的变化情况,以评价髌股关节适应性.结果 73例患儿均获随访,平均随访38个月(25～98个月).末次随访时髌骨脱位均无复发,其中2例发生髌骨内侧脱位.股骨滑车角:A组由术前的150.1°±5.1°改善为144.3°±6.0°,手术前后差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组手术前后差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).其余测量指标在两组均无显著变化.结论 复合软组织手术对儿童习惯性髌骨脱位髌股关节的塑型有影响,对于手术年龄在8岁以下儿童可以明显促进股骨髁的发育,降低股骨滑车角,改善髌股关节适应性;8岁以上儿童在随访期内股骨滑车角的变化不显著,髌股关节适应性改变不明显.     

髌股关节发育不良对髌骨脱位磁共振成像表现的影响

背景：当存在髌股关节发育不良时,髌骨脱位的损伤程度较轻,因此更加依赖影像学诊断。 目的：比较髌股关节发育不良患者和髌股关节发育正常患者髌骨脱位时磁共振成像（MRI）表现的异同。 方法：回顾性分析54例经临床证实的髌骨脱位患者的MRI影像学资料。髌股关节发育不良患者32例,髌股关节发育正常患者22例。记录患者MRI中髌骨内侧骨挫伤或撕脱骨折、髌骨关节面骨软骨骨折、股骨外侧髁外侧部骨挫伤、髌股内侧支持带撕裂等情况。 结果：髌股关节发育不良组的32例患者中,髌骨内缘骨折12例,内侧支持带损伤10例,髌骨软骨损伤7例,股骨外髁骨挫伤18例;髌股关节发育正常组的22例患者中,髌骨内缘骨折8例,内侧支持带损伤14例,髌骨软骨损伤14例,股骨外髁骨挫伤14例。两组在内侧支持带损伤和髌骨内缘骨折上有显著统计学差异（P＜0.05）。 结论：MRI可以较好地诊断髌骨脱位。当髌股关节发育不良时,内侧支持带损伤和髌骨内缘骨折的发生率降低。     

联合平衡术治疗髌股关节不稳定症

髌股关节不稳定症是指由于多种原因引起髌骨不能在股骨滑车沟内正常滑动而产生一系列症状的一种疾病.采用单纯一种手术方案治疗效果不佳,2001年6月至2006年5月采用髌骨外侧支持带松解内侧支持带紧缩联合胫骨结节旋转内移术治疗髌股关节不稳定症23例(26膝),效果满意,报告如下.     

屈膝90°外侧胫股关节间隙确定内翻膝人工全膝关节置换术胫骨截骨量的临床研究

目的探讨屈膝90°外侧胫股关节间隙确定内翻膝人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)中胫骨截骨量的临床效果。方法选取2013年3月-6月收治且符合选择标准的内翻型膝关节骨关节炎患者60例(60膝),随机分为两组(n=30)。对照组TKA术中采用传统确定胫骨截骨量方法,试验组术中根据屈膝90°外侧胫股关节间隙确定截骨量。两组患者性别构成、年龄、关节侧别、身高体重指数及术前膝关节学会评分系统(KSS)评分、膝关节活动度、胫股解剖角(anatomic tibiofemoral angle,ATFA)、髌骨倾斜角、股骨后髁偏距(posterior condylar offset,PCO)、关节线高度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性。术中测量股骨远端外髁、股骨后外髁、胫骨外侧平台截骨厚度,随访摄X线片测量ATFA、髌骨倾斜角、PCO、关节线高度,采用膝关节学会评分系统(KSS)评分以及关节活动度评价关节功能恢复情况。结果术中试验组胫骨外侧平台及股骨远端外髁截骨量显著低于对照组,股骨后外髁截骨量高于对照组(P0.05)。试验组选择10 mm垫片者(19例)显著多于对照组(8例)(Z=—4.040,P=0.003)。患者均获随访,随访时间13~16个月,平均14.5个月。术后6周两组ATFA、髌骨倾斜角及关节线高度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);试验组PCO明显小于对照组(P0.05)。两组术后12个月KSS评分及膝关节活动度均明显优于术前(P0.05),且试验组以上两指标明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论内翻型膝关节骨关节炎TKA术中,采用屈膝90°外侧胫股关节间隙确定胫骨截骨量方法能减少胫骨平台和股骨远端截骨,有效恢复关节线和PCO,术后早期膝关节功能恢复良好。     

胫骨高位截骨术对髌股关节软骨病变的影响

目的研究胫骨内侧高位截骨术对髌股关节软骨病变的影响。方法回顾性分析自2014年1月至2018年12月诊断为膝骨关节炎合并髌股关节Iwano分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级的86例患者,行关节镜及胫骨内侧高位截骨术,比较术后髌股关节的软骨改变。所有患者术前查体均为膝内侧疼痛,无髌股关节疼痛,膝正位X线片示内侧间室骨关节炎,髌骨轴位、侧位X线片可见髌股间隙变窄。术中使用关节镜探查髌股关节时,根据国际软骨修复协会软骨损伤分级(international cartilage repair society, ICRS)将患者分为A组35例(ICRS 0～Ⅰ级),其中男性9例,女性26例,平均年龄(55.66±4.66)岁;B组51例(ICRSⅡ～Ⅲ级),其中男性21例,女性30例,平均年龄(55.90±4.44)岁。所有患者均进行胫骨内侧高位截骨矫正力线,建议截骨处愈合后再次手术取出内固定钢板。比较两组患者在初次截骨手术和再次取出内固定手术时视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)、西大略湖麦克马斯特大学(Western Ontario and McMaster universities, WOMAC)骨关节炎指数评分和髌股关节Kujala评分差异;比较每组患者在截骨前后的Iwano分级和镜下ICRS分级差异。结果两组患者在初次截骨术和再次取出内固定手术时VAS评分、WOMAC评分骨关节炎指数评分和Kujala评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);每组患者截骨手术前后对比,术后髌股关节ICRS分级较术前有增长趋势,但Iwano分级和镜下ICRS分级比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。非劣性检验Kujala评分结果表明B组术后评分并不比A组差。结论对于内翻膝骨关节炎无髌股关节症状的患者,如果髌股关节软骨分级为ICRS 0～Ⅲ级,仍然可采取胫骨内侧高位截骨术,短期不会加重髌股关节炎的临床症状,且功能评分得到改善。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。