血清白介素-18与2型糖尿病肾病的相关性研究

目的探讨血清白介素-18（IL-18）与2型糖尿病肾病（DN）的相关性。方法根据尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）将98例2型糖尿病患者（DM组）分为正常白蛋白尿组（NA组,34例）、微量白蛋白尿组（MA组,33例）和临床蛋白尿组（CP组,31例）,并设正常对照组（NC组）25例,同时检测各组血清IL-18、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）、尿白蛋白和血脂、血压等指标,并记录糖尿病病程和计算BMI。结果（1）DM组血清IL-18中位数水平较NC组显著增高（P〈0.01）;DM组血清IL-18水平与糖尿病病程、HbA1C、hs-CRP、UAER呈正相关（均P〈0.01）,而NC组血清IL-18水平与HbA1C、hs-CRP、UAER无相关（均P〉0.05）;hs-CRP、糖尿病病程、HbA1C、收缩压、IL-18与UAER呈正相关（均P〈0.01）。（2）MA和CP组的血清IL-18水平均较NA组显著升高（均P〈0.01）,而CP组水平则较MA组显著升高（P〈0.01）。结论血清IL-18水平在2型DM患者中显著升高,且与HhA1C水平相关;同时血清IL-18水平的变化可能与2型DN早期阶段的病情进展相关。     

复方丹参滴丸对2型糖尿病肾病患者尿微量白蛋白及微炎症状态的影响

目的：探讨复方丹参滴丸对早期2型糖尿病肾病(DN)患者尿微量白蛋白及微炎症状态的影响。方法60例早期2型DN患者随机分为A、B两组,各30例,B组给予控制血糖及血管紧张素受体阻滞剂等常规治疗,A组患者在此基础上加用复方丹参滴丸治疗,疗程均为16周。选择30例健康体检者纳入对照组,比较DN患者与对照组血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平,并比较治疗前后A、B两组患者尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)及血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平的变化。结果 DN患者血清hs-CRP、TNF-α及IL-6水平均较对照组明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后A、B两组患者UAER及血清hs-CRP、TNF-α及IL-6水平均明显下降,且治疗后A组上述指标明显低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论复方丹参滴丸可改善DN患者的微炎症状态,降低尿微量白蛋白水平,延缓肾脏病进展。     

2型糖尿病肾病微炎症反应与急性脑梗死关系的研究

目的:检测2型糖尿病肾病(DN)合并急性脑梗死患者血清超敏-C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,并探讨DN微炎症反应与急性脑梗死发生的关系.方法:选取2006年1月至2009年6月在我院住院的急性脑梗死患者96例,观察患者尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、hs-CRP、神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)等指标,并根据UAER检测结果将2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者分为正常蛋白尿组(NA)、微量白蛋白尿组(MA)及临床白蛋白尿组(CP).结果:本组96例急性脑梗死患者中合并T2DM占58.33%(56/96).患者hs-CRP T2DM组明显高于非T2DM组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).T2DM组各组间及与非T2DM组比较,NA与非T2DM组间hs-CRP水平无显著性差异.NA与MA及非T2DM组患者hs-CRP比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);CP与MA相比,hs-CRP水平有显著性差异(P<0.01).NIHSS T2DM组明显高于非T2DM组(P<0.01),并且死亡率T2DM组明显高于非T2DM组,差异有显著性统计学意义(P<0.01).hs-CRP阳性组死亡率明显高于hs-CRP阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:急性脑梗死合并DN患者普遍存在微炎症反应,这可能影响急性脑梗死患者病情及其预后.hs-CRP或许可作为预测DN合并急性脑梗死患者病情程度及预后的重要指标.     

糖尿病肾病患者血清炎性因子、vWf、VEGF及黏附分子水平变化及意义

目的:探讨糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血清炎性因子、血管性血友病因子(vWf)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及黏附分子水平变化及其检测意义。方法:158例T2DM患者依据尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)分为T2DM组(单纯糖尿病组,n=52)与DN组(糖尿病肾病组,n=106),后者又可分为微量白蛋白尿组(n=54)和大量白蛋白尿组(n=52);同时选取同期的健康体检者50例作为对照组,比较4组间的血清炎性因子超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),血管性血友病因子(vWf)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)与黏附分子(sVCAM-1、sICAM-1和E-选择素)水平。结果:T2DM组与DN组患者hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、vWf、VEGF、sVCAM-1、sICAM-1和E-选择素水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且DN组显著高于T2DM组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);DN组中,与微量白蛋白尿组相比,大量白蛋白尿组的hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、vWf、VEGF、sVCAM-1、sICAM-1和E-选择素水平均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在DN的发生及发展过程中,血清炎性因子、vWf、VEGF与黏附分子等均可能起着重要的作用,其指标水平检测对病情的评估具有重要价值。     

阿斯匹林对2型糖尿病血清C-反应蛋白及糖尿病肾病发生的影响

目的探讨阿斯匹林对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的影响与糖尿病肾病发生的关系.方法107例T2DM患者随机分为:A组48例口服阿斯匹林100mg/晚;B组59例维持原抗糖尿病治疗方案.经过12个月治疗后观察患者血清hs-CRP、尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(INS)、空腹C肽、甘油三脂(TG)、胆固醇(TC)等指标的变化.结果两组比较,FBG、HbA1c、INS、C肽、TG、TC差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组治疗后与治疗前比较,hs-CRP降低(P<0.05),UAER升高,但P>0.05;B组治疗后较治疗前hs-CRP、UAER升高(P<0.01).B组较A组hs-CRP、UAER升高(P<0.01).结论阿斯匹林可以降低T2DM患者血清hs-CRP,对糖尿病肾病的发生有一定的预防和预测作用.     

2型糖尿病早期肾病尿蛋白与炎性因子相关分析

目的 观察2型糖尿病早期肾病尿蛋白与炎性因子的相关性.方法 2型糖尿病共90例,其中早期糖尿病肾病(DN)组 60例,初次诊断2型糖尿病但无蛋白尿(DM)组30例,健康者(NC组)30名.采用全自动生化分析仪测定血糖,血脂、血肌酐(SCr)、C反应蛋白(CRP)等,采用于式化学法测定24 h尿蛋白,放免法测定尿自蛋白排泄率(UAER),酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定血清转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、白细胞介索(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、IL-18.结果 ①DM组、DN组的TNF-α、IL-6、IL-18、TGF-β1、CRP水平均显著高于NC组(P值分别<0.05、0.01),而DN组与DM组间的差异均有统计学意义(P值分别<0.05、0.01).②将DM、DN组的所有患者合并计算,UAER与血清TGF-β1(r=0.285)、CRP(r=0.317),TNF-α(r=0.658)、IL-6(r=0.556)、IL-18(r=0.392)、24 h尿蛋白(r=0.514)、尿白蛋白/肌酐(ALB/Cr)(r=0.691)、病程(r=0.806)均呈正相关(P值分别<0.05、0.01).多元逐步回归分析显示,UAER与病程、TNF-α、24 h尿蛋白呈线性回归关系.回归方程为UAER=(-12.132)+(0.449)病程+(0.692)TNF-α+(78.971)24 h尿蛋白.结论 2型糖尿病及糖尿病早期肾病患者相关血清炎性因子水平升高,炎症参与糖尿病肾病的发生、发展.     

农村2型糖尿病患者超敏C-反应蛋白与糖尿病肾病的相关性分析

目的:探讨农村2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与糖尿病肾病(DN)的相关性。方法:对斗门镇中心卫生院85例2型糖尿病住院患者进行尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、空腹血糖(FBG)、hs-CRP和血脂浓度检测,研究对象符合1999年WHO糖尿病诊断标准。用氧化酶法测定FBG,酶法测定总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG),均相法测定低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C),免疫比浊法测定hs-CRP和UAER;根据UAER将受检者分为正常白蛋白尿组(T1组)(UAER<20μg/min)54例,微量白蛋白尿组(T2组)(20μg/min200μg/min)11例,另设正常对照组(T0组)35例。结果:T1、T2、T3组的FBG、TG、hs-CRP比对照组T0组明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);T2、T3组的TC、LDL-C比对照组T0组高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组hs-CRP之间对比:T2、T3组的hs-CRP比T1组升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:2型糖尿病患者hs-CRP水平浓度与糖尿病肾病程度具有一致性,hs-CRP升高可作为糖尿病肾病早期预测和预后判断的重要实验室指标。     

2型糖尿病及糖尿病肾病患者C反应蛋白检测的临床价值

目的:探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)在2型糖尿病(T_2DM)及其并发肾病患者中的浓度变化及临床价值。方法:根据尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)将102例T_2DM患者分为单纯糖尿病组(SDM组)、早期糖尿病肾病组(EDN组)和临床糖尿病肾病组(CDN组),30名本院健康体检者作为对照组,应用免疫透射比浊法测定血清CRP,将组间的CRP进行统计学比较,并进行相关分析。结果:各糖尿病组血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平与对照组比较均具有统计学差异(P<0.05),EDN、CDN组显著高于SDM组(P<0.05),CDN组与EDN组相比亦明显升高(P<0.05)。相关分析显示CRP与UAER呈显著正相关(r=0.485,P<0.01)。结论:CRP水平在T_2DM组和并发DN组中逐渐增高,表明其可能是T_2DM和DN发生的危险因素,CRP与糖尿病及其血管慢性并发症有关。     

糖尿病肾病患者CRP水平变化的临床意义

目的探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)在糖尿病肾病(DN)不同阶段的变化及其与DN发生发展的关系。方法用免疫比浊法测定20例正常人群及64例2型糖尿病患者的血清CRP水平,同时测定血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、24 h尿白蛋白排除率(UAER),并根据24 h尿蛋白排出率将2型糖尿病患者分为3组:正常尿白蛋白组(DN1组);微量白蛋白尿组(DN2组);临床白蛋白尿组(DN3组)。20例健康人群作为对照组。结果与对照组比较,DN1组、DN2组、DN3组CRP升高,差异均具有显著性(分别P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01);DN2、DN3组与DN1组比较,CRP升高,差异具有极显著性(均为P<0.01);DN3组与DN2组比较,CRP明显升高,差异具有极显著性(P<0.01)。而BUN及SCr,与对照组比较,仅DN3组升高差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。结论CRP水平随着糖尿病肾病的进展及尿白蛋白排泄率的增高而逐渐增高,对糖尿病肾病发生、发展的早期预测具有重要意义。     

尿足细胞联合Cys-C、hs-CRP、Cr、FA及Hcy检测对DN早期诊断的意义

目的探讨尿足细胞、胱抑素C(Cys-C)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血清肌酐(Cr)、脂肪酸(FA)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)等指标水平对糖尿病肾病(DN)早期诊断的价值。方法选择2016年1月至2017年6月本院收治的2型糖尿病肾病或者单纯2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者154例,根据24 h尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)分为T2DM组(55例)、早期DN组(57例)和DN组(42例),选择同期进行健康体检者45人作为对照组。检测各组血清Cys-C、hsCRP、Cr、FA、Hcy、UAER及尿足细胞个数。采用方差分析和应用Pearson相关性分析对各指标进行统计学分析。结果 DN组患者血清中Cys-C、hs-CRP、Cr、FA、Hcy及尿足细胞水平均显著高于其他各组(P0.05);早期DN组患者血清中Cys-C、hs-CRP、FA、Hcy及尿足细胞水平均显著高于T2DM组和对照组(P0.05);T2DM组患者血清中Cys-C、hs-CRP、FA、Hcy及尿足细胞水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05);T2DM患者Cys-C、hs-CRP、Cr、FA、Hcy及尿足细胞水平均与UAER呈正相关(r=0.718、0.534、0.417、0.403、0.361、0.311,P0.05)。结论糖尿病患者Cys-C、hsCRP、Cr、FA、Hcy及尿足细胞水平与糖尿病肾病的发展进程有关,各项指标的联合检测对糖尿病肾病的早期诊断有重要的临床应用价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.