人工细胞抗高血压因子对人脐静脉VSMC胞浆及核内Ca^2＋水平的影响

采实验用Ｆｌｕｏ－３／ＡＭ染色在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察了红细胞抗高血压因子（ａｎｔｉｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｖｅ ｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＡＨＦ）对人脐静脉ＶＳＭＣ胞浆（〗Ｃａ＾２＋〖）及核内（〖Ｃａ＾２＋〗ｎ）游离钙离了瓣影响。结果表明：ＡＨＦ（１０＾－４ｇ／ｍＬ）明显抑制Ｂａｙ ｋ８６４４（１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）ＫＣｌ（６０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,ＡｎｇⅡ（１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）及ＩＰ３（１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）     

去甲肾上腺素对大鼠体外抗体生成的影响

目的 观察不同浓度甲肾上腺素（ＮＡ，１０＾－１～１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对大鼠体外抗体生成的影响，并初步探讨其作用机制。方法 在体外用百红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）刺激大鼠肠系结Ｂ细胞转化成形成细胞（ＡＦＣ），然后检测其抗体生成量。结果 （１）１０＾－１０、１０＾－６、１０＾－８和１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮＡ都能显著高于外抗体生成，其中１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮＡ的作用最强。（２）γ受体激动剂异丙肾上腺素亦能明显     

内皮素对成年鼠离体心室肌细胞内游离钙浓度的影响及机制

目的和方法：采用分离的Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ大鼠心室肌细胞,以Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ荧光指示剂负载,检测心肌细胞内游离钙浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）变化,探讨内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）对［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的作用及其机制。结果：ＥＴ－１（１×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）引起［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高分两个时相：快速相和持续相,可被ＥＴＡ的特异性受体阻断剂ＢＱ１２３（２×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）所阻断。移去细胞外液钙以及用百日咳毒素（２００ｎｇ／ｍＬ）处理１０ｈ后,ＥＴ－１仍引起快速相,但持续相消失。Ｒｙａｎｏｄｉｎｅ（４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和异搏定（２×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对ＥＴ－１诱导［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高的作用无显著影响。结论：ＥＴ－１升高［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ是通过ＥＴＡ受体介导;快速相［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高主要由胞内Ｒｙａｎｏｄｉｎｅ不敏感的钙池释放造成,与百日咳毒素敏感的Ｇ蛋白无关;持续相［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高主要由胞外Ｃａ２＋内流引起,不是通过电压依赖性Ｌ－型钙通道介导,与百日咳毒素敏感的Ｇ蛋白有关     

去甲肾上腺素对大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内IP_3、［Ca~（2＋）］_i和Ia抗原表达

本文应用细胞膜放射标记和离子交换层析法测定巨噬细胞（ＭФ）内肌醇－１，４，５－三磷酸（ＩＰ３）、用Ｃａ￣（２＋）指示剂的分光光谱法测定ＭФ内Ｃａ￣（２＋）浓度（［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］）、用ＡＰＡＡＰ桥联酶标法检测ＭФ表面Ｉａ抗原的表达，研究去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）对大鼠腹腔的ＭФ内ＩＰ３、［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ和ＭФ表面ｌａ抗原表达的影响。结果显示ＮＥ（１０￣（－８）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可显著增高ＭФ中ＩＰ＿３含量（４４２±２２ｃｐｍ／１０￣６ｃｅｌｌｓ，对照组１０２±８ｃｐｍ／１０￣６ｃｅｌｌｓ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＮＥ可使ＭФ内［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ显著增高（３２２±７８ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，对照组９７±１７ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＮＥ可显著增高ＭФ表面Ｉ－Ａ、Ｉ－Ｅ抗原的表达（６４±８％、５８±６％，对照组５０±３％，４４±４％，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示神经递质ＮＥ促进ＭФ表面Ｉａ抗原表达的作用可能是通过第二信使ＩＰ＿３和Ｃａ￣（２＋）介导的。     

尼氟的平改善设备高血压性心脏病左室舒张功能的作用

采用随机，双盲，安慰剂对照法，观察尼氟的平（ＮＦ）对２３例收缩功能正常或大致正常，舒张功能异常的高血压性心脏病（Ⅱ期高血压病）患者，治疗前后血小板胞浆Ｃａ＾２＋（ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ）红细胞内Ｃａ＾２＋（μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）及其膜Ｃａ泵活性（μｍｏｌｐｉ／μｇｐｒ．ｈ）血压与心功能的变化。结果表明，安慰剂组各项指标无显著变化（Ｐ〉０．０５）；ＮＦ组血小板胞浆Ｃａ＾２＋（２２４．２±１０．８／２４８．１±９．９，     

大鼠心房特殊颗粒Ca^2＋—ATP酶特性的研究

本实验对心房特殊颗粒（ＡＳＧ）膜上Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶的特性进行研究，并与肌浆网（ＳＲ）膜上的Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶特性进行比较。在１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｃａ＾２＋溶液中，二者膜上均显示酶活性，酶活性在１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｃａ＾２＋孵育液中均减弱，并在Ｃａ＾２＋浓度降至０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时酶反应均不显示。在加入０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ槲皮黄酮后，ＳＲ和ＡＳＧ膜上的酶活性同时被抑制；当加入０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ寡霉素后     

钙离子与牛磺酸两者跨心肌细胞膜内流的相互影响

目的和方法：取新生ＳＤ大鼠心室肌制备培养搏动心肌细胞，采用放射性同位素４５Ｃａ２＋及３Ｈ－牛磺酸示踪技术，观察钙离子与牛磺酸跨心肌细胞膜内流的相互影响。结果：（１）牛磺酸内流在低胞外Ｃａ２＋浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｏ，０．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和高［Ｃａ２＋］ｏ（４０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）均比正常［Ｃａ２＋］ｏ（１５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和高［Ｃａ２＋］ｏ（４０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）时增加，尤以低［Ｃａ２＋］。时明显；异搏定（１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能促进牛磺酸的内流；（２）１０～２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ牛磺酸对不同［Ｃａ２＋］。（０５、１５和４０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）下的Ｃａ２＋内流均有抑制作用，而１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ牛磺酸只抑制高［Ｃａ２＋］ｏ时Ｃａ２＋内流，对低［Ｃａ２＋］ｏ和正常［Ｃａ２＋］ｏ时Ｃａ２＋内流无明显作用；１～２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌβ－丙氨酸对Ｃａ２＋内流无明显影响。结论：胞外Ｃａ２＋浓度的变化可直接影响牛磺酸内流，而牛磺酸能抑制Ｃａ２＋的内流，两者相互影响，从而发挥牛碘酸调节细胞内Ｃａ２＋浓度的作用     

乙酰胆碱对大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内钙离子浓度和表面Ia抗原表达的影响

用Ｆｕｒａ－２作为荧光探针测定大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（Ｍ）内钙离子浓度（［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ），ＡＰＡＡＰ桥联酶标法检测Ｍ表面Ｉａ抗原的表达。结果表明：５×１０￣（－６）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的乙酞胆碱（Ａｃｈ）可使Ｍ［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ；明显上升，可促进Ｍ表面Ｉ－Ａ和Ｉ－Ｅ抗原的表达，而阿托品（１０￣（－５）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可阻断Ａｃｈ升高［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ的作用。阿托品、三氟啦嚎（ＴＦＰ，５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、ＥＧＴＡ（６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）均可阻断Ｍ促进ＭＩａ抗原表达的作用，ｃＡＭＰ依赖性蛋白激酶抑制剂（ＰＫＩ，２５μｇ／ｍｌ）对Ａｃｈ促进ＭＩａ抗原表达的作用无影响。     

雌激素对大鼠附睾上皮细胞非基因组作用及其机制研究

目的：研究雌激素对大鼠附睾上皮细胞非基因组作用及其机制。方法：青春期大鼠附睾上皮细胞,ＦＬＵＯ－３／ＡＭ标记,激光共聚焦显微镜技术观察。结果：１７β－雌二醇能快速诱导附睾上皮细胞内Ｃｑ＾２＋〖Ｃａ＾２＋〗ｉ升高,并且有剂量依赖性（１０＾－２～１０＾－９Ｍ）,无Ｃａ＾２＋液及２ｍＭ ＥＧＴＡ育附睾上皮细胞不影响雌二醇诱导效应;Ｃａ＾２＋通道阻活跃剂ｎｉｆｅｄｉｐｉｎｅ、ｖｅｒａｐａｍｉｌ也不影响雌二     

低强度He—Ne激光照射对缺氧／再给氧心肌细胞内钙的影响

本文以离体大鼠心肌细胞作为缺血／再灌注损伤的《氧反常》模型。为测定低强度Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射前、照射后心肌细胞的内游离钙浓度变化，我们应用了最新一代钙荧光探针（Ｆｌｕｏ－３）。结果表明：（１）缺氧／再给氧组和激光照射前、后组心肌细胞「Ｃａ＾２＋」ｉ明显高于正常对照组。（２）缺氧／再氧给心肌细胞「Ｃａ＾２＋」明显高于激光照射前、后组、但是激光照射前与照射后心肌细胞「Ｃａ＾２＋」没有明显变化。同时我们分     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.