颅内巨大或大型动脉瘤的血管内治疗:三种技术的比较

目的评价可脱卸球囊、可脱卸弹簧圈和颅内覆膜支架治疗颅内巨大动脉瘤的疗效。方法收集资料完整的经血管内治疗的颅内巨大动脉瘤20例,其中球囊/弹簧圈闭塞载瘤动脉9例,可脱卸弹簧圈动脉瘤腔填塞8例,覆膜支架治疗3例,另有2例为经弹簧圈瘤腔栓塞治疗后复发,行覆膜支架治疗。随访9～83个月,平均(41.1±25.3)个月。术后即刻血管造影结果评价标准为：动脉瘤完全闭塞(100%),大部闭塞(95%～99%)和部分闭塞(＜95%)。随访血管造影结果评价标准为：不变、血栓形成和再开放。结果所有动脉瘤血管内治疗均获得成功,无并发症。术后即刻血管造影显示动脉瘤完全闭塞11例,大部闭塞7例,部分闭塞2例,其中1例部分闭塞患者术后7 d再出血死亡。19例健在患者最终血管造影显示：动脉瘤完全闭塞15例,大部闭塞3例,部分闭塞1例。19例中,10例载瘤动脉保持通畅。长期临床随访结果显示11例患者的临床症状消失,8例改善。结论动脉瘤腔可脱卸弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉巨大动脉瘤的完全闭塞率低且再通率高;可脱卸球囊或弹簧圈闭塞载瘤动脉治疗动脉瘤完全闭塞率高但牺牲载瘤动脉,有潜在或短暂的脑缺血事件发生;覆膜支架治疗操作简单、安全,且可保持载瘤动脉通畅。     

血管内支架治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的：探索使用血管内支架及血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈（Guglielmi detachable coil,GDC)治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤的可能性。方法：3例椎动脉颅内段梭形动脉瘤及6例宽颈动脉瘤,首先将冠脉支架跨动脉瘤颈放置,通过支架的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔,填入GDC。结果：7例动脉瘤致密堵塞,2例大部堵塞,载瘤动脉通畅,临床效果优良。结论：联合使用支架及微弹簧圈是治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤可选择的有效方法之一。     

电解可脱式微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的：探讨电解可脱式微弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的方法。方法：采用美国波士顿公司GDC栓塞治疗17例患者18个颅内动脉瘤，其中15例蛛网膜下腔出血患者，术前Hunt和Hess分级：I、Ⅱ级l0例；Ⅲ级3例；Ⅳ级2例。结果：13例痊愈，3例轻度短期神经功能障碍，1例死亡。结论：GDC栓塞是治疗颅内动脉瘤较为理想的方法之一。     

GDC血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨电解可脱性弹簧圈（GDC）血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效和技术要点。方法 对31例动脉瘤患者应用微导管技术,通过数字减影全脑血管造影,采用GDC作动脉瘤囊内填塞治疗。结果 31例31枚动脉瘤中28枚瘤腔完全闭塞,3枚95％闭塞。术后30例临床痊愈;1例死亡;病死率3．2％。术中并发动脉瘤再破裂出血1例;术后弹簧圈末端逸出1例。术后随访0．5～3年均无再出血。结论 GDC血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤疗效可靠,早期栓塞及有效的术后处理是提高治愈率的重要方法。     

Endovascular treatment of remnants of intracranial aneurysms following incomplete clipping

We report clinical and angiographic findings in eight patients treated by the endovascular approach for an intracranial aneurysm remnant after incomplete surgical clipping. They were seven women and one man, mean age 38 years (range 14–50 years). In three, the remnant was responsible for a recurrent subarachnoid haemorrhage. All were treated by embolisation of the remnant using Guglielmi detachable coils. In two, a nondetachable balloon was inflated in front of the remnant during coil detachment because of a wide neck. Mean clinical and imaging follow-up was 19 months (range 12–24 months). Immediate angiography showed complete occlusion of the remnant and follow-up clinical examination showed good or excellent recovery in all patients. Imaging follow-up confirmed persistent occlusion of the remnant in all cases.     

Giant aneurysms of the internal carotid artery: endovascular treatment and long-term follow-up

We report the long-term follow-up of 18 patients with giant aneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA) referred for endovascular occlusion of the parent vessel. There were 10 aneurysms involving the infra- and/or supraclinoid cavernous segment, six the ophthalmic segment, one the petrous segment and one the bifurcation. One patient who did not tolerate test occlusion was treated medically. Clinical and imaging follow-up were obtained in 16 patients for a mean of 30 months, range 6–80 months. Endovascular treatment led to excellent clinical outcome in 16 patients. One 34-year-old woman, who presented with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), died from bilateral middle cerebral artery infarcts due to severe vasospasm 4 days after treatment. The patient treated medically died from SAH. Long-term imaging follow-up in 16 patients revealed a markedly smaller aneurysm sac in all cases.     

弹簧圈再栓塞或覆膜支架治疗颅内动脉瘤复发

目的报道用弹簧圈再次栓塞或覆膜支架治疗颅内复发动脉瘤的经验。方法291例患者共305枚颅内动脉瘤行可脱卸弹簧圈治疗。随访期间,142例颅内动脉瘤中有41例(28.9%)动脉瘤复发。6个月内有脑血管造影随访的31例共31枚复发动脉瘤纳入本研究,其中20例行可脱卸弹簧圈再栓塞(A组),11例行覆膜支架置入术(B组)。将动脉瘤血管造影结果分为完全闭塞、不完全闭塞;临床评估分级为完全康复,改善,无变化,加重或进展。收集并分析技术成功率,即刻和末次血管造影结果等资料。结果所有复发动脉瘤弹簧圈栓塞和支架置入技术均获得成功。即刻脑血管造影示A组11例(55%)动脉瘤完全闭塞,B组8例(72.7%)完全闭塞;末次脑血管造影示A组10例(50%)动脉瘤完全闭塞,B组11例(100%)完全闭塞,两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.005)。结论弹簧圈栓塞后动脉瘤复发,可以行弹簧圈再次栓塞术或覆膜支架置入术治疗和闭塞瘤腔。覆膜支架可能比弹簧圈栓塞能更有效地完全闭塞复发动脉瘤。     

Endovascular treatment of bacterial intracranial aneurysms

We report three patients with bacterial intracranial aneurysms treated by the endovascular approach: two presented with sudden severe neurological deficits after a diagnosis of endocarditis; the other had suspected vasculitis. CT showed an intracerebral haematoma in all cases: angiography revealed bacterial aneurysms of distal branches of the middle cerebral artery in two cases and posterior cerebral artery in one. Because of the patients' condition and the location of the aneurysms, endovascular treatment was considered the fastest and safest treatment. Hyperselective catheterisation of the parent branch, close to the aneurysm, was performed with a microcatheter. A small amount of glue was injected to occlude both the aneurysm and a short segment of the diseased vessel. Follow-up angiography revealed occlusion of the aneurysm in all cases. One patient recovered completely; one recovered over some months, with neurological deficit due to the haematoma. The third patient suddenly worsened and died 9 days after treatment for a contralateral haematoma, due to rupture of a new bacterial aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. Endovascular occlusion of the aneurysm and parent vessel may be an alternative to surgery in selected, severe cases of deep or distal bacterial intracranial aneurysms.     

Endovascular occlusion of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms with stenting (Neuroform) and coiling: mid-term and long-term results

Introduction  Coiling associated with placement of self-expandable intracranial stents has amplified the treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms, but the durability of this treatment and the existence of delayed recurrence are not yet well known. The purpose of this report is to present our experience with the Neuroform Stent associated with coiling and to evaluate complications, effectiveness, and long-term results of this technique. Methods  A retrospective study of 42 patients with wide-necked cerebral aneurysms treated with the Neuroform Stent was performed. Mean aneurysm size was 11.3 mm. Mean neck size was 5.33 mm. All patients were treated with coiling and stenting. Clinical and angiographic follow-up was available in 38 patients (90.5%). The overall follow-up time ranged from 6 months to 5 years (mean, 42 months), but most of the patients (92%) had a follow-up period superior to 1 year. Results  Successful deployment of 41 stents (97%) was obtained. Permanent procedural morbidity was observed in only one patient (2.4%). Long-term complete aneurysmal occlusion was obtained in 27 patients (71%). Aneurysmal regrowth was observed in four patients (9.5%) on the first control angiogram. After the first control angiogram, no delayed recanalization or regrowth was observed. During the follow-up period, there were no hemorrhagic events, no delayed thrombosis, and no stent displacement. Conclusion  Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique, a small rate of procedural complications, and long-term tolerance of the Neuroform Stent. Despite some evidence of early aneurysmal recurrence, long-term durability of stent-assisted aneurysm occlusion is stable after the first year.     

Matrix可脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的　探讨Matrix可脱弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床价值。方法　对 5 1例共 5 6枚颅内动脉瘤施行血管内Matrix可脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗 ,5 1例患者按Hunt Hess分级 :Ⅰ级 15例、Ⅱ级 2 4例、Ⅲ级 8例、Ⅳ级 4例 ,所有病例均经CT扫描和DSA造影诊断。 4例宽颈动脉瘤和 2例梭形动脉瘤采用Neuroform支架结合Matrix可脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗。结果　应用Matrix可脱弹簧圈栓塞成功 4 8例 5 3枚动脉瘤 ,占 94 .3% ;3例因严重血管痉挛导致微导管无法到位而实施动脉瘤夹闭术 ;1例弹簧圈尾端残留于载瘤动脉 ,但未导致临床后果 ;无死亡及严重并发症 ;4 8例随访 3～ 12个月无再次出血和并发症。结论　Matrix可脱弹簧圈血管内能够有效栓塞颅内各部位动脉瘤 ,术中有明显的促进动脉瘤腔内形成血栓的作用 ,术后促进血管内皮细胞生长覆盖动脉瘤颈口的作用。可以防止再次破裂出血。     

难治性颅内动脉瘤血管内支架治疗的初步结果

目的　总结血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈 (GDC)治疗分叉部宽颈动脉瘤及复发动脉瘤的技术及疗效。方法　采用血管内支架结合GDC治疗 5例颅内动脉瘤 ,其中颈内动脉分叉部动脉瘤2例 ,基底动脉宽颈瘤 1例和后交通宽颈动脉瘤复发 2例。 3例支架跨重要侧支血管及穿动脉放置。通过支架上的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔 ,继续GDC填塞。结果　 4例动脉瘤达到致密填塞 ,1例大部填塞 ,载瘤动脉及侧支血管通畅 ,1例术后出现动眼神经麻痹 ,3个月后恢复。影像学随访 3～ 6个月 ,无支架内狭窄。结论　联合使用支架及GDC是治疗分叉部宽颈动脉瘤及复发动脉瘤的有效方法 ,临床应用前景广阔。支架覆盖重要动脉开口并不影响血流。     

电解铂金微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤中并发症原因及防治

目的探讨电解铂金弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗颅内囊状动脉瘤术中并发症及防治。方法对162例患者171枚颅内动脉瘤栓塞中出现9例并发症,其中5例动脉瘤破裂出血,立即中和肝素继续栓塞,2例GDC脱出动脉瘤立即手术取出,动脉瘤夹闭,2例血栓形成,术中溶栓,术后均采用腰穿置管持续引流,解痉及对症处理。结果5例恢复良好,2例永久性轻度功能障碍,2例死亡。结论GDC栓塞颅内动脉瘤术中发生并发症与手术操作,动脉瘤患者血管条件有关。     

血管内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的临床研究

目的 探讨血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈(GDC)治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的适应证、技术要点、并发症防治及疗效，评估该技术的安全性及疗效。方法 105例颅内宽颈动脉瘤(前循环78例，后循环27例)，首先将冠脉支架跨动脉瘤颈放置，通过支架上的网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔，填塞GDC，术后3、6、12个月随访临床症状，6～12个月脑血管造影随访。结果 104例手术成功，1例失败；80例动脉瘤达到致密填塞，24例大部填塞，载瘤动脉通畅；1例术中发生脑梗死，1例发生颈动脉夹层动脉瘤，1例术中动脉瘤破裂，1例在GDC填塞过程中支架完全塌陷。98例临床随访3～32个月，均无再出血或血栓栓塞的症状。血管造影随访62例(随访期6～12个月)，60例动脉瘤不再显影，2例明显缩小，1例出现支架近端轻度狭窄。结论 联合使用支架和微弹簧圈是治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全有效的方法，支架使宽颈动脉瘤的介入治疗成为可能，支架不但可防止弹簧圈突入载瘤动脉，还可防止弹簧圈压缩，促进瘤内血栓形成，防止动脉瘤复发，长期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

单个弹簧圈栓塞颅内微小动脉瘤的单中心经验

目的探讨单个弹簧圈栓塞颅内微小动脉瘤(最大径<3 mm)的可行性和疗效。方法 2001年1月至2011年1月对72例颅内微小动脉瘤患者的77个动脉瘤进行单个弹簧圈栓塞,其中动脉瘤破裂出血52例,多发性动脉瘤13例。用3D-DSA选择工作角度测量动脉瘤大小(前后径、上下径、宽颈、最大径和瘤颈)。随访脑血管造影3～88个月(平均24.8个月)。结果对所有77个微小动脉瘤成功实施了单个弹簧圈栓塞,其中10个采用球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞,19个联合支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞。术中破裂出血7例,发生脑栓塞事件2例,术中弹簧圈移位2例。术后即刻造影示完全栓塞42个,次全栓塞30个,部分栓塞5个。除2例死亡外,所有病例进行了至少2次复查(术后3和12个月),其中再通5个,对3个进行了再次栓塞,延迟性弹簧圈移位2例。12个月后复查造影示完全栓塞61个,次全栓塞14个。结论单个弹簧圈栓塞颅内微小动脉瘤可行、安全并有效,联合支架辅助治疗可以降低其再通率。     

电解可脱弹簧圈治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的:探讨电解可脱弹簧圈治疗颅内动脉瘤的临床效果。材料和方法:CT以及DSA检查证实为颅内动脉瘤65例,66个动脉瘤。在神经安定麻醉和全身肝素化的条件下,经Tracker-10或Tracker-18微导管放置电解可脱性弹簧圈对脑动脉瘤患者进行栓塞治疗,手术在DSA动态监视下完成。结果:66个动脉瘤中,瘤体大小为3.5mm×3.8mm~5.4mm×4.5mm。64例栓塞成功,成功率为97%;2例因载瘤动脉严重痉挛而失败(3%),其中100%闭塞48个(72.7%);栓塞程度达95%以上9个(13.6%);90%闭塞7个(10.6%)。术后回访3~24个月,未发现蛛网膜下腔再次出血。结论:电解可脱弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤具有微创、安全、效果可靠的优点。     

双微导管技术在宽颈颅内动脉瘤栓塞中的初步应用经验

目的　评估采用双微导管技术在宽颈颅内动脉瘤栓塞中的初步经验。方法　 6例宽颈动脉瘤在常规方法应用无效后采用双侧股动脉入路 ,把 2支微导管置入动脉瘤腔内 ,由微导管内同时或先后送入弹簧圈 ,待弹簧圈稳定后解脱 ,随后再送入更多的弹簧圈以达到致密填塞。结果　 6例AN成功地栓塞 ,10 0 %闭塞 2个、闭塞 >90 %的 4个。缺血性并发症 1例 ,导致中残。术后 3月时GOS优良 5例、中残 1例。有 5例进行了造影随访 ,无AN复发和再破裂。结论　双微导管技术对于某些复杂的宽颈动脉瘤是一种可供选择的方法。     

新型颅内支架Enterprise结合水解脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内微小宽颈动脉瘤

目的总结应用新型颅内支架Enterprise结合水解脱弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内微小宽颈动脉瘤的技术及疗效。方法6例颅内微小宽颈动脉瘤(直径<3mm,体/颈比<1.5)采用Enterprise支架结合水解脱弹簧圈栓塞,其中5例采用先放置支架覆盖动脉瘤颈再将微导管经支架网孔放入动脉瘤腔填塞弹簧圈进行栓塞,1例将微导管进入瘤腔后再释放支架进行弹簧圈栓塞。术后3～6个月进行临床随访。结果6例全部技术成功,支架均满意到位,载瘤动脉通畅,无手术并发症;动脉瘤完全闭塞4例,闭塞95%以上2例。术后患者均恢复良好,3～6个月临床随访无再出血及脑血栓形成。结论联合使用Enterprise支架和水解弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内微小宽颈动脉瘤是一种安全有效的方法,但其长期疗效仍需进一步观察。     

50例颅内动脉瘤的临床治疗分析

目的探讨显微外科、介入手术治疗和非手术治疗对颅内动脉瘤的治疗效果。方法总结回顾性分析2001年9月─2008年12月我院收治50例颅内动脉瘤行显微手术（26例）、经血管内介入手术（8例）和非手术治疗（16例）的临床资料。采用电话或信件随访方式来评价患者的预后,随访30例（其余失访）,其中手术病例22例、非手术治疗8例,随访时间6个月至8年。结果全组有3例发生手术前住院死亡。全组手术34例,无手术后长期昏迷和死亡病例,出现并发症20.6%（7/34）;其中,显微手术并发症发生率为23.1%（6/26）,介入手术并发症发生率为12.5%（1/8）。出院时格拉斯哥预后评分（Glasgow outcomscales,GOS）分级,1级3例,2级0例,3级1例,4级6例,5级40例。在随访的30例中,手术组死亡2例,非手术治疗组死亡2例。结论显微外科和介入手术治疗能够显著降低颅内动脉瘤的致死、致残率,是治疗颅内动脉瘤的有效方法,而对颅内动脉瘤采用非手术治疗风险巨大。     

血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的 总结血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤经验。方法 股动脉Seldinger穿刺,先后应用MagicBD,Tracker-16,Tracker-10和Cordis 3F/2.5F微导管,送入球囊、不同长度的国产、进口游离微弹簧圈,配用MDS、GDC系统送入不同长度微弹簧圈、治疗颅内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤5例、后交通动脉瘤1例、颈内动脉C2段动脉瘤3例、椎动脉颅内段动脉瘤3例、大脑后动脉瘤P2段动脉瘤1例,治疗颅内动脉C3－4段假性动脉瘤5例。结果 本组无1例死亡。球囊闭塞颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤5例均痊愈,无并发症;微弹簧圈栓塞治疗动脉瘤栓塞达100％者9例、95％者2例,其中1例因血管痉挛遗留轻瘫,1例因MDS到位后不能顺利解脱导致部分脱垂于颈内动脉和大脑中动脉2cm,遗留轻瘫;5例假性动脉瘤完全治愈;闭塞载瘤动脉及动脉瘤的2例椎动脉完全治愈。结论 颈内动脉海绵窦段动脉瘤只要前、后交通动脉侧支循环代偿良好,可脱球囊闭塞载瘤动脉是安全有效的。微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是一种有发展前途的治疗方法。     

Circumferential and fusiform intracranial aneurysms: reconstructive endovascular treatment with self-expandable stents

INTRODUCTION: We report our experience with endovascular treatment (EVT) of circumferential and fusiform intracranial aneurysms by a reconstructive approach with self-expandable stents. METHODS: A retrospective review of our prospectively maintained database identified all circumferential and fusiform aneurysms treated by a reconstructive endovascular approach over a 3-year period. Clinical charts, procedural data, and angiographic results were reviewed. RESULTS: From April 2004 to May 2007, 13 patients were identified, of whom 12 were asymptomatic and 1 presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Two patients with an aneurysm 相似文献